城市规划民主与公众参与

在民主政治的基础上,公众参与既是民主政治的通俗化表达、一种权力制度,又是一种具体的社会民主形式.具体到城市规划领域,公众参与既作为一种权力制度,以一种抽象的规划权力运行机制存在,又作为具象的城市规划民主的实现形式而出现;在此意义上,城市规划民主与公众参与是一致的.公众参与只有在城市规划民主的基础上才具有实质意义.     

Obstacles and solutions on the ladder of citizen participation: a systematic review

This article presents a systematic review of the English-language empirical literature about citizen participation to identify the obstacles to its implementation and the most successful ways to address them. Three sets of variables seem to impact effectiveness: contextual factors, including information asymmetries and public officials’ attitude; organizational arrangements, including community representation criteria and process design; and process management patterns, including group dynamics and collaboration quality. Two recommendations stem from our analysis: internalize decisions in organizational procedures, and establish ongoing interactions between government bodies and their stakeholders. We conclude that half-hearted engagement is unlikely to lead to successful citizen participation.     

Independent Collective Representation: Providing Effectiveness, Fairness, and Democracy in the Employment Relationship

Protection against arbitrary management action has always been a concern of employees. Enlightened managerialism has been one approach to addressing these concerns. This approach is compromised by the conflicts of interest that characterize the employment relationship in a market system. We argue in this paper that independent collective representation functions to protect employees while leaving the employer with sufficient freedom to manage. Trade unions, as a counter weight to the exercise of absolute managerial power, complement a pluralist democratic system. The exercise of absolute power, the absence of accountability and countervailing checks and balances, are foreign to any democratic polity. At enterprise level, trade unions manage the ongoing tensions and conflicts between democratic humanistic values and market values.     

Sources of inefficiency in representative democracy: Evidence on public investments across nations

Besley and Coate (1997 and 1998) exposit a formal model of dynamic fiscal policy that highlights the problem associated with the temporal mismatch between the incidence of benefits and costs. Their analysis focuses in part on the conditions that may result in inefficient public investment decisions in a representative democracy. This paper employs cross-national data to investigate implications of the Besley-Coate model. The findings indicate that several political institutions significantly affect public investments, including term lengths, staggered term expiration dates, and the separation of power between the executive and legislative branches. The findings also suggest that fiscal arrangements for redistributive payments may increase public investments. Received: March 2000 / Accepted: May 2000     

网络民主兴起背景下我国电子政务发展的具体路径

随着网络民主的兴起和发展,电子政务建设和发展便有了一种价值指引和实践导向。网络民主兴起的背景下,我国电子政务发展的具体路径：期望能够凭借现代技术激发公众的主体意识,提供更多的人性化服务,与政府有序地进行互动,政府具备快速回应能力,以及政务进一步公开,实现公民监督公共权力的运作,促进政府科学行政和依法行政等。     

Federal budget allocation in an emergent democracy: evidence from Argentina

This paper studies the determinants of the distribution of the national budget amongst Argentinean provinces. We evaluate the relevance of the alternative theories of budget allocation using the Arellano–Bond dynamic panel technique. Our results confirm our presumption that Federal funds allocations are dominated by the Executive and the governors while the Congress plays a minor role. Unlike some findings for the US, neither the overrepresentation variables nor the congressional theories find support in our sample. Our paper fills the gap in the literature on Argentina’s fiscal federalism deficient in analysis of the decision making process of the National Budget. This paper is based on a chapter of Osvaldo Meloni’s Ph.D. thesis at the Universidad de San Andrés.     

大城市社会空间结构演变及其治理——以上海市为例

随着市场化改革的深入,当前中国大城市社会空间正呈现重构与分异的演变趋势,同时也带来许多城市社会问题.以上海为例,在分析当前中国大城市呈现的社会空间结构演变的特征基础上,分析了可能产生的负社会效应,并提出了一些城市空间治理的对策建议.     

Customers cocreating value with the firm: implications for IHRM

The purpose of this article is to develop a theoretical framework for governing an organization's relationships with customers engaged as contributors to the organization's business processes (i.e. customers as quasi-employees). Based on our suggested framework, we explain how appropriate customer-centric HRM practices can support more cost-effective and accommodating adaptations in the organization's governance of its relationships with customers. We complement these propositions with practical examples illustrating how customers who take different cooperative roles will increasingly become valuable organizational assets. The collaborating customers not only provide the information necessary for the successful performance of the service exchange, but also contribute human and social capital in performing tasks that are a complement to or a substitute for employee tasks. In conclusion, we outline implications for international human resource management (IHRM), as well as future research directions for examining the relationships among customer governance, role configurations, and IHRM practices.     

A Statistical analysis of spatial point patterns A case study

In the project "statistical image analysis" of CWI we have studied some spatial point patterns that originated from biological observations. These observations were the positions of so called EGF-receptors on the surface of human carcinoma cells.
We propose a stochastic model for these point patterns. Since the EGF-receptors appear in clusters on the cell surface, we have opted for the Poisson-cluster-process as the model. We estimated the three parameters in this process by means of a method described by Diggle. We also did some work in assessing the statistical reliability of our estimates.     

加强项目过程管理 提高项目投资效果

为预防项目投资风险,控制项目投资费用,提高项目投资效果,本文强调必须事先、主动地对项目决策、方案设计、工程招标、合同管理、工程变更、结算审计和档案资料进行全过程管理,并分析了在项目建设的每个阶段的管理要点和控制重点。     

投资机会集、内部控制与真实活动盈余管理

以2007—2012年我国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验投资机会集、内部控制以及两者交互作用对真实活动盈余管理的影响,结果显示：随着投资机会集的增加,上市公司真实活动盈余管理的动机将显著减弱;加入内部控制治理机制之后,随着投资机会集的增加,高质量的内部控制使得上市公司真实活动盈余管理的动机更弱;在进一步加入市场化进程和产权属性之后,投资机会集与内部控制的交互作用对真实活动盈余管理动机的影响只在市场化程度高的地区显著,并且这一效应只在国有上市公司中显著存在。     

公共事务治理中的公民参与——以广东“无假药社区”建设为例

地方公共事务治理越来越离不开公民积极有效地参与。通过对广东省"无假药社区"建设的调查发现,公民参与公共事务治理的意识在不断增强,同时也面临着参与渠道狭窄、参与方式被动、参与内容单一和效能感不高等突出问题。因此,培养公民参与公共事务治理的意识和能力,完善公民参与公共事务治理的渠道与环境,创新公民参与公共事务治理的制度和机制,是提升地方公共事务治理绩效的重要课题和必然路径。     

政府投资项目中建设单位在设计阶段的管理

政府投资项目中,建设单位通过设计阶段的有效管理可以实现项目在投资、进度、质量方面的全面控制,从而保障整个建设项目的合理性、适用性和经济性。本文从投资、进度、质量三方面按照主要控制节点分析了控制管理办法。     

全过程人民民主：中国式民主的强制度设计及实践操作

全过程人民民主作为一种新型的人类民主政治新形态,真正保障了人民当家作主的权利,彰显出中国特色政治制度的内生性特质,为世界各国的民主政治发展提供了借鉴。在中国特色政治制度内生性的作用之下,全过程人民民主经过系统性的制度体系建构,展现出“结构化”与“制度化”的具体样态,以及两方面协同并进的互动模式。与此同时,在发展全过程人民民主的过程中,通过强制度设计不仅能够确保将人民群众的真实意愿体现在我国建设和发展的重大决策之中,也能揭示人民民主的内在本质与核心,进一步为人民当家作主提供更加坚实的制度保障。在我国社会主义民主政治的伟大实践中不断提升全过程人民民主的实践操作水平,以深化治理效能,在人类政治文明发展中展示源源不断的中国智慧与中国方案。     

影响公共参与强度的主体性因素分析

作为民主理念的现实体现,公共参与的强度、范围和真实性在宏观上受国家市场经济发展和公民社会成熟程度的直接影响,在个体层面则与公民的社会经济地位、受教育程度等因素密切相关,这一结论对于宏大社会历史发展的过程显示出强大的理论解释力。但不可否认的是,公共参与是一个时间性和空间性很强的理论课题,尤其在微观层面,在相同的历史时段与相同的经济背景下,影响公共参与强度的因素呈现出多角度、多层面的复杂性特征。管理者和公众对公共参与本质的不同理解,对公共参与功能的多种期待,对其自身掌控政策能力的预期,以及不同治理主体之间的复杂关系等,都会对治理过程中公共参与的强度和效果产生直接而深刻的影响。     

Analysis of interactions among core,transaction and relationship-specific investments: The case of offshoring

Through the use of core, transactional and relational specificity constructs, the paper studies how the emphasis of clients’ who move business processes offshore, changes over time to represent complex relationships between investments in core, transaction and relationship-specific assets. The complex combination of these investments helps clients attain evolving objectives in offshoring alliances. Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) has been used to establish changing emphases of the specific elements in offshoring alliances.     

投资效率、企业产权与高管变更——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

从投资效率和企业产权的角度考察了高管变更的影响问题及相应的经济后果。研究结果表明,总体来说,高管因为投资效率低下而被更换的证据较微弱;高管被更换后,投资效率并没有得到明显的改善。区分企业产权后,我们发现,相对于国有公司来说,民营公司的\"高管变更-投资效率\"敏感性更大,但高管变更之后投资效率并没有得到显著改善;然而,相对于地方政府控制的国有公司来说,中央政府控制的国有公司在高管变更之后投资效率得到了显著改善。     

中国当前在校本科生投资行为的实证研究

大学一向是培养承载未来中国经济发展的高素质人才的基地,本文将着眼点放在这一特殊群体,以在校大学生中最庞大的本科生群体为例,重点研究国内在校本科生的投资行为与其家庭及地域差异,知识背景,未来规划以及大学生投资者的重点投资项目及风险偏好,进而发现此类群体投资行为的特点,提出引导方向,促进素质提升,为今后社会人才储备提供基础。