公共管理视角下事业单位行政管理的改革方向

事业单位行政管理工作效率、质量都与事业单位的自身发展有着紧密的联系,且对事业单位的未来发展方向产生重大影响。基于此,论文以公共视角为研究出发点,深入分析事业单位行政管理工作改革的必要性,找寻当前行政管理改革工作存在的问题,从而基于公共视角管理来提出具体的行政管理工作的改革方向,以期为事业单位行政管理工作的发展提供一定的参考建议。     

Explicit reforms,implicit theories and public service improvement

A framework for the explication of the theoretical basis of public management reforms is developed. The framework is applied to the Best Value regime in UK local government. The implicit assumptions of policy makers are that the Best Value regime will generate service improvements through changes in organizational structures, processes, culture and strategy content. Empirical evidence on the relationship between these variables and organizational performance is critically reviewed, and policy makers' implicit ‘theories in use’ are made explicit in the form of a simple additive model of public service improvement. In practice the actual pattern of change is likely to be mediative, reciprocal and contingent on local organizational circumstances. However, theorizing public management reforms in this way is valuable because it provides a basis for evaluating the logic of programme design, predicting effectiveness and generating testable models of the relationship between public policies, organizational changes and public service improvement.     

Decentralization,the New Public Management,and The Changing Role of The Public Sector In Africa

The role of the public sector in most countries around the world is changing both with respect to public service delivery and the stimulation of economic progress. That change, which was occasioned by the need for policy reform, has resulted in what is now termed ‘the new public management’, reflecting a movement away from the old values and norms of public sector administration. This article examines and analyses the concept of decentralization and its relevance to the changing role of the public sector, within the context of ‘the new public management’. and with special reference to Africa. The perspective of the article assumes that the new public management provides an appropriate framework for responding to the efficient delivery of public services in Africa.     

Public‐private partnership: Elements for a project‐based management typology

The polysemic concept of public‐private partnership (PPP) covers a great diversity of institutional arrangements. In this paper, we propose a typology based on the management of public projects that constitute partnerships with private firms. Our typology is founded on two key variables: (1) the proximity of the target and (2) the capacity to generate projects. We can then identify four distinct models of PPP: situational, elementary, symbiotic, and forward‐looking. The management challenges, the risks, and the major issues particular to each type of PPP are described in order to enlighten management teams and contribute to the production of useful knowledge in the field.     

Insights into the Process Dynamics of Innovation Implementation

Abstract

In France, the differences between public and private organizations seem to have been reduced by the ubiquity of some management tools and approaches, and, at the same time, highlighted by the political environment, stereotypes, and negative perceptions of French public management. Given this confusion, systematic empirical studies are needed to determine the degree of convergence, if any, between management in the public and private sectors. The present study analyzed a survey of 908 managers, in order to determine whether differences in managerial practices still exist. Our results show that some differences do persist, although they are relatively small.     

Managing Government Property Assets: International Experiences

Abstract

Policies have been introduced in the public sector to increase efficiency. Following a privatization, there is a split between operational and strategic control. In this study, we explored how a public organization restores its identity after losing its operational structure. Based on a case study of a seaport, we found that when the self-defining properties were lost, the organizational identity dissolved into a managerial public identity. The organizational meaning that provided security and guided behavior was lost and the new identity was unable to serve as a provider of meaning. Implications for new public management policy and practice are discussed.     

浅谈我国公租房社区的管理

大力发展公共租赁住房是我国"十二五"期间保障性住房建设的主要任务,而公租房社区的管理是公租房是否能持续发展的保障。本文从公租房的特点出发,总结了公租房社区存在的问题,并探讨了公租房社区的管理模式和方法。     

Public management reform in Denmark

Abstract

This article discusses public management reform in Denmark. First, the institutional features of the Danish public sector are introduced. Danish ministries enjoy a considerable amount of autonomy that makes central co-ordinated public management reform challenging. The second part of the article outlines the contents of public management reform and provides an overview of the major reform initiatives of the last three governments. Denmark's reforms are characterized as a mixture of strategies for modernization and marketization, but with most emphasis on the former rather than the latter. Together with successive governments, the Danish Ministry of Finance has argued strongly for efficiency, economy and effectiveness as key values and they have been institutionalized in modernization efforts. Denmark should now be considered a country where NPM reforms have taken a firm hold.     

Cross-Sectoral Comparison of Values Influencing Strategy

This article reports the findings of research into four case organizations from the public and nonprofit sectors. The findings build on international theory about strategic management, and argue that values influence strategy formulation. Chaffee's models of strategy are provided as a useful tool in differentiating the value-base which informs the strategic posture of an organization. Expressive values are more evident in nonprofit strategy formulation which aligns with Chaffee's interpretive approach to strategy. Instrumental values appear more in public organizations which align more with Chaffee's adaptive approach to strategy.     

Managing The Environment

Abstract

The literature on network management in the public sector reports positive effects of network activity on agency performance. Current studies show however no differences between specific types of contacts in an agency's environment. The present article adopts an explorative design to study the different types of environmental actors in the networks of nine colleges for nursing studies in the Netherlands. A typology of environmental ties is introduced, and applied to the nine cases. It appears that contacts to different types of actors reflect different levels of ambition in the network management of the colleges. The level of ambition in network management appears to be associated with two indicators for college performance: it is positively associated with diploma rate, and negatively associated with drop-out rates among freshmen. These results are discussed with reference to the current literature in public network management.     

关于城市公共安全管理的思考

城市公共安全管理日益受到重视.在对城市公共安全管理的内涵与特征以及其实体、技术和管理结构进行分析的基础上,就城市公共安全管理的战略与实施、评价与审核等方面做了探讨,并提出了在城市公共安全管理过程中应采取的思路与对策.     

实现公共投资决策科学化的对策思考

随着我国市场经济的发展、现代化进程的加快,公共投资建设的规模越来越大。如何实现公共投资决策的科学化,是改进政府投资管理和提高公共投资效率的重要保证。本文从公共投资决策的特殊性入手,针对我国公共投资决策存在的突出问题,分析了公共投资决策科学化的保证条件,提出了实现公共投资决策科学化的对策措施。     

Responses to public sector reform policy

Abstract

The article compares the ways in which different public sector organizations respond to similar federal government demands for public sector reform. The empirical basis of the article is a comparison of public sector reform in three agencies managing road systems in three Australian states. There are two constants in the research; namely, the nature of the responsibilities of the agencies with respect to the road network, and the demands of federal government policy for road reform throughout Australia. Yet within the ambit of these two constants, there is a distinctive contrast in the way the agencies have approached and implemented both policy and reforms. The article uses Hood's framework for viable organizational design options for variables relating to grid and group as an explanatory model for the results obtained from the research. Furthermore, it examines the utility of Hood's four styles of public sector organizations in order to explain different change outcomes in the three agencies studied.     

我国公共卫生人力资源浅议

在现代,人力资源发展的理论和技术日趋成熟,公共卫生人力资源的发展更是被列为国际优先议程,国际发达国家已经将公共卫生人力资源发展列为战略性和常规性工作内容。我国公共卫生人力资源发展的研究明显滞后,在一定程度上影响了公共卫生工作的总体开展。本文就我国公共卫生人力资源的现状作出一些探讨。     

Accountability – are We Better off Without It?

Abstract

Public managers increasingly lament about negative effects of accountability. Despite these reports and the importance of accountability in public organizations, it is yet unknown when it has positive or negative effects on managers. Overcoming two major obstacles in accountability research, this study therefore investigates ‘how accountability affects public manager's work behaviour’. Firstly, this study applies a cognitive theory offering a promising way out of the current theoretical dead-end. Secondly, the quasi-experimental research design makes the complex concept of accountability more tangible and findings transferable to practice. Moreover, individual level characteristics such as motivation are used to investigate a potential interaction between contingency and individual level characteristics. Results indicate both positive and negative effects of accountability on work behaviour and hence strongly challenge the positive normative connotation of accountability.     

State–third Sector Partnerships: A short overview of key issues in the debate

Abstract

The theme of partnership with the third sector has been on the agenda of public management research for a long time now, not least in this journal. As an introduction to a special issue on this topic, the article discusses two issues crucial to further study of this phenomenon. The first on the types or categories that can be distinguished when comparing these partnerships between countries or policy fields; the second how recent public management reforms (especially of the New Public Management variety) have affected the nature of third sector organizations and their role in relation to the state.     

Public Management as a University Discipline in New European Union Member States

Abstract

Many market-type mechanisms were introduced in the public administration reforms in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Therefore public administration higher education in CEE should prepare not only classical public administrators but also public managers to operate in this new environment. This paper summarizes our research results on three new Central European members. The focus is on the scale of public management (PM) programmes, on the proportion of PM courses in the curricula of accredited PM programmes and on the dominant teaching approaches.     

事业单位固定资产管理发展对策探讨

本文以医疗事业单位为具体研究对象,对医疗事业单位固定资产管理中存在的问题进行细致分析,并再此基础提出一系列解决事业单位固定资产管理问题的对策,为提升医疗事业单位的竞争力乃至为事业单位内部管理做出贡献。     

Do NPM-Type Reforms Lead to a Cultural Revolution Within Public Sector Organizations?

Abstract

Agencification and granting public sector organizations managerial autonomy in particular is believed to change organizational cultures, away from traditional compliance- and detail-oriented bureaucratic cultures and towards organizational cultures which are more oriented towards external customers. There is however very little empirical information on the relationship between managerial autonomy and organizational culture. Using a unique data set on public agencies in Flanders, we not only test how managerial autonomy affects the strength of a customer-oriented culture within public sectors but also examine whether this culture becomes dominant over traditional public administration culture. Analysis shows that managerial autonomy positively affects a customer-oriented culture; however, it does not make it a dominant culture.     

以人为本理念下城市公共设施的建设与管理

城市政府为市民的方便问题已经做了很大的努力,但公共场所的如厕难现象依然存在,市中心市民解决方便的途径首选往往还是洋快餐店。要让市民在公共场所能够方便地解决方便的问题,一要从规划入手,并确保规划实施;二可以考虑挖潜,在条件允许的情况下适当开放企事业单位内部的厕所。城市公共设施的完备与便利体现了一个城市的管理效果和水平。