共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Davide Castellani 《Review of World Economics》2002,138(4):605-628
Export Behavior and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Firms. — This paper provides econometric evidence
supporting the hypothesis that exporting implies learning effects. Learning-by-exporting is modeled as a change, induced by
export behavior, in the stochastic process governing firms’ productivity. Empirically, this is implemented by specifying cross-section
regressions of labor productivity growth on measures of export behavior, controlling for past productivity growth and other
firms’ characteristics. Using a sample of Italian manufacturing firms, it is found that exporters do not exhibit faster productivity
growth. Nevertheless, growth in value added per worker has a positive and significant relation with firms’ export intensity.
In other words, only firms substantially involved in exporting have a significantly higher rate of productivity growth. This
result suggests that learning-by-exporting is by no means simply the outcome of the presence in the export market. 相似文献
2.
This paper utilizes new Dutch transaction-level data on international trade to investigate the microeconomic patterns of Dutch
exports. First, we show that self-selection based on ex-ante productivity drives firms’ export decisions, which we subsequently
relate to various sources of fixed market-entry costs: governance and regulatory quality, the extent of corruption, and cultural
proximity. Second, we provide evidence that firms learn to export by trial and error, so as to obtain experience in exporting
and to gather knowledge about the potential of foreign markets. Such experimentation appears to be reflected in the volatility
of a firm’s export product portfolio. More volatility is associated with a higher survival rate in the export market. Finally,
we draw conclusions on the potential implications for trade policy. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this study is to assess under what conditions exchange rate volatility generates a positive effect on an exporting
firm’s labour demand. As the exchange rate volatility increases, so does the value of the export option, provided that firms
are flexible with respect to international trade. Higher volatility increases the potential gains from trade and can increase
the demand for labour. The firm’s trade flexibility can be interpreted as a real hedging strategy when financial markets are
incomplete. In many newly industrializing countries and emerging economies financial markets are imperfect or risk sharing
markets are just starting to develop at a rather slow pace. 相似文献
4.
We study the link between exports and productivity at the firm level. Like in previous studies we get support for the hypothesis
that more productive firms self-select into the export market. In addition, and contrary to many of the former studies, we
also obtain evidence that exporting further increases firm productivity. Exporting firms appear to have significantly higher
productivity than nonexporting. Moreover, exporters—mainly firms that increase their export intensities—have higher output
growth than nonexporters. Reallocation of resources between firms may then have contributed to overall manufacturing productivity
growth. Hence, we try to quantify the importance of reallocation. JEL no. F10, D24 相似文献
5.
We study the link between exports and productivity at the firm level. Like in previous studies we get support for the hypothesis
that more productive firms self-select into the export market. In addition, and contrary to many of the former studies, we
also obtain evidence that exporting further increases firm productivity. Exporting firms appear to have significantly higher
productivity than nonexporting. Moreover, exporters—mainly firms that increase their export intensities—have higher output
growth than nonexporters. Reallocation of resources between firms may then have contributed to overall manufacturing productivity
growth. Hence, we try to quantify the importance of reallocation. JEL no. F10, D24 相似文献
6.
Self-Selection and Post-Entry Effects of Exports: Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Firms 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Our paper adds empirical evidence on the causal effects of exporting on firms’ performances. Using a rich database on Italian
manufacturing firms, we test the self-selection and the post-entry effects hypotheses with respect to various firms’ characteristics.
Our analysis supports the idea that the superior performance of the exporters is due not only to a market selection mechanism,
but also to efficiency improvements following the export activity. We find heterogeneous post-entry effects with respect to
characteristics as geographical location, size and sector. To test the post-entry hypothesis we implement the propensity score
matching and differences-in-differences techniques.
JEL no. D24, F14, O31 相似文献
7.
Katja Zajc Kejžar 《Review of World Economics》2011,147(1):169-193
This paper examines the role of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in firm selection processes in the Slovenian manufacturing
sector in the 1994–2003 period. It adopts the firm dynamics framework that allows testing of selection effects directly by
assessing the impact of foreign firms’ activity on the probability of exiting of local firms (crowding out). The results show
that intra-industry productivity spillover effects offset only a minor part of the competition pressure which results from
foreign firm entry, hence incumbent firms experience a drop in their survival probability upon a foreign firm’s entry within
a particular industry. This result is driven by foreign firm entry of the greenfield type, as entry through the acquisition
of existing firms has no significant effect. The strength of the crowding-out effect decreases with the incumbent firm’s export
propensity. There is no significant evidence that inward FDI would stimulate the selection process through backward linkages
in the upstream supplying industries, whereas foreign firms’ activity reduces the exit probability of downstream local customers
(through forward linkages). 相似文献
8.
Alessandro Sterlacchini 《Review of World Economics》2001,137(3):450-472
The Determinants of Export Performance: A Firm-Level Study of Italian Manufacturing. — This paper analyzes some determinants
of a firm’s probability of exporting and export intensity and presents the findings of an empirical study carried out on a
large sample of Italian firms. On the basis of Probit and Tobit estimates, it emerges that these determinants change according
to the size of firms. In particular, only for small firms is the relationship between size and export performance positive.
The export activity of small and medium-sized firms decreases with the share of sales due to subcontracting. Larger firms,
instead, benefit more from being affiliated with business groups and performing innovative activities of a different nature. 相似文献
9.
Maureen Were 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2011,38(3):227-242
Empirical evidence on the link between trade and employment outcomes in Africa is severely limited. The paper analyses employment
outcomes, that is, the rise in casual employment in Kenya’s manufacturing sector in relation to firms’ export orientation.
While exporting firms generally account for a higher proportion of employment in the manufacturing sector, the proportion
of workers in exporting firms declined by over 20% between the early 1990s and 2003. On the other hand, the proportion of
casual workers employed in manufacturing firms increased over the same period. However, the empirical results show no strong
evidence of “exporting” significantly influencing the proportion of casual workers employed by firms. The combination of an
increasingly skilled labour force in Kenya and deepening casualisation among workers points to a conundrum that requires further
analysis. That notwithstanding, the results suggest a need for policy focus not only on job creation, but also on the quality
of jobs created. 相似文献
10.
This paper uses a proportional hazard model to study foreign direct investment by Japanese manufacturers in Europe between
1970 and 1994. We divide each firm’s investment total into a sequence of individual investment decisions and analyze how firm-specific
characteristics affect each decision. We find that total factor productivity is a significant determinant of a firm’s initial
and subsequent investments. Parent-firm size does not have a significant influence on the initial decision to invest. Large
firms simply have more investments than smaller firms. Other firm-specific characteristics, such as the R&D intensity, export
share and keiretsu membership, also play a role in the investment process.
JEL no. F23, L20 相似文献
11.
This study investigates whether exporting is a cause or an effect of high productivity of firms’ in the Korean manufacturing industries. For this purpose, a panel database is assembled with 1335 firms from eight Korean manufacturing industries during 1997–2003. Evidence that high productivity causes exporting, referred to as self-selection, is found in three out of eight industries. However, we do not find support for the hypothesis that high productivity is affected by exporting, except in one industry. Sunk-cost or previous-export-experience effect on the current export status is statistically significant and robust across industries unlike that of firms’ productivity and size. 相似文献
12.
Martina Lawless 《Review of World Economics》2010,146(4):691-707
This paper presents an examination of the trading patterns of individual firms, looking at their coverage of export markets
and movements into and out of destinations. This analysis is made possible by access to a new survey data set of Irish firms,
which includes detailed information on firm characteristics and on the destinations of their exports over a 2-year period.
In line with Eaton et al. (Am Econ Rev 94:150–154, 2004), we find that a large number of firms serve only the domestic market and many exporting firms export to a single foreign
market. Although there is little movement of firms into and out of exporting, firms’ involvement in individual export markets
is much more dynamic. Over one-third of firms change their market coverage, usually by entering or exiting one additional
market. This is consistent with an interpretation where the bulk of any sunk cost encountered in exporting is incurred during
the initial entry to the export market. Subsequent entry to additional markets may be made easier by prior export experience,
which could help reduce the sunk cost of extending market coverage. 相似文献
13.
Many firms cite financial constraints as some of the most important impediments to their investment and growth. Using a unique
data set from the Czech Republic this paper investigates the importance of financing constraints in the context of exporters.
It finds that exporters are less financially constrained than non-exporters. However, after carefully correcting for possible
endogeneity and selection issues, the evidence points to less constrained firms self-selecting into exporting rather than
exporting alleviating firms’ financial constraints. 相似文献
14.
15.
Export Behavior and Firm Productivity in German Manufacturing: A Firm-Level Analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper examines the causal relationship between productivity and exporting in German manufacturing. We find a causal link from high productivity to presence in foreign markets, as postulated by a recent literature on international trade with heterogeneous firms. We apply a matching technique in order to analyze whether the presence in international markets enables firms to achieve further productivity improvements, without finding significant evidence for this. We conclude that high-productivity firms self-select themselves into export markets, while exporting itself does not play a significant role for the productivity of German firms. JEL no. F10, F13, F14, D21, L60 相似文献
16.
R&;D and Exporting: A Comparison of British and Irish Firms 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
This paper investigates the two-way relationship between R&D and export activity. In particular, we concern ourselves with
the question whether R&D stimulates exports and, perhaps more importantly, whether export activity leads to increasing innovative
activity in terms of R&D (learning-by-exporting). We use two unique firm level databases for Great Britain and the Republic
of Ireland and compare the results for these two countries. We find that previous exporting experience enhances the innovative
capability of Irish firms. Conversely, no strong learning-by-exporting effects are found for British firms. Arguably part
of the differences between Ireland and Britain are attributable to different, cross-country exporting patterns where Irish
firms have a greater interface with OECD markets.
JEL no. F14, F23 相似文献
17.
Chih‐Hai YANG 《The Developing economies》2003,41(3):340-361
Based on the panel data of Taiwanese electronics firms, this paper explores the relationship between exporting and productivity. Contemporaneous levels of exports and productivity are indeed positively correlated. The causality tests show causality from productivity to exporting and vice versa, implying that self‐selection and learning‐by‐exporting effects coexist in the Taiwan electronics industry, while the learning‐by‐exporting effect is less supported. Exporting also has a positive impact on the productivity growth of firms, while the effect diminishes gradually after entering foreign markets. Decomposing the productivity growth shows that the reallocation effect accounts for only 20 per cent compared to the own‐effect share of 80 per cent, which is mostly contributed by firms that continually export. 相似文献
18.
Exports and Productivity Selection Effects for Dutch Firms 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
The paper tests whether recent theories of international trade with heterogeneous firms can explain the export patterns in
Dutch firm- and plant- level data in manufacturing and services. Recent trade models with heterogeneous firms predict that
the export decision of firms is affected by sunk entry costs in foreign markets, with only the most productive firms self-selecting
into exports. We test a latent variable model of the export decision by probit regressions and standard OLS panel regressions.
Our results support the self-selection prediction. The process further appears to be conditioned by scale effects, market
structure and multinational affiliation. Regarding alternative explanations, we do not find evidence for the learning-by-exporting
hypothesis, even when controlling for the firm’s distance to the international productivity frontier. 相似文献
19.
Miguel Manjón Juan A. Máñez María E. Rochina-Barrachina Juan A. Sanchis-Llopis 《Review of World Economics》2013,149(1):5-22
Self-selection and learning by exporting are the main explanations for the higher productivity of exporting firms. But, whereas evidence on self-selection is largely undisputed, results on learning by exporting are mixed and far from conclusive. However, recent research by De Loecker (J Int Econ 73(1):69–98, 2007) has shown that the conclusions from previous learning by exporting studies may have been driven by strong assumptions about the evolution of productivity and the role of export status. Relaxing these assumptions turns out to be critical to find evidence of learning by exporting in a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms. Our results indicate that the yearly average gains in productivity are around 3 % for at least 4 years. 相似文献
20.
This paper investigates interactions between exporting and productivity at the firm level, using a panel of firms in the UK
chemical industry. This is both highly technology intensive and the UK’s largest exporting sector. We find exporters are more
productive than non-exporters, but are also on average smaller. This superior productivity performance among exporters appears
to be caused by both self-selection and learning-by-exporting effects. In contrast to other studies, we find learning effects
are significantly positive among new entrants, weaker for more experienced exporters and negative for established exporters.
JEL no. F14, D21, L65 相似文献