外资企业技术授权与劳动力技能结构升级——来自世界银行中国企业调查数据的经验证据

在中国高技能劳动力供给不断增加的背景下,引进国外先进生产技术能够促进本土企业实现技术进步,进而扩大企业对高技能劳动力的相对需求。作为技术引进的途径之一,本土企业使用外资企业授权的生产技术与企业内高技能劳动力就业的关系却较少受到关注。本文利用世界银行2012年中国企业调查数据对这一问题进行初步探索。研究结果表明,获得外资企业技术授权能够显著提升劳动力技能结构,影响途径包括生产规模扩张、研发投入增加和资本深化。其中,生产规模和研发投入为正向途径,资本深化为反向途径。此外,外资企业技术授权作为本土企业扩大对高技能劳动力的相对需求的途径之一,对避免技能层面的要素错配和结构性失业具有重要意义。     

基于技术创新和品牌的民营科技企业的国际化战略研究

入世以来,国内企业面临内外竞争对手的双重挑战,迫切需要国内的民营企业进行国际化战略,以形成自身的核心竞争力。文中将从技术创新和品牌这两个内外的重要点着手,集合具体的案例进行说明以做到理论和实践的结合。     

实体企业金融化对技术创新的影响研究

以2007—2017年中国沪深A股非金融类上市企业为样本,本文研究金融化对企业总体技术创新、突破式创新以及渐进式创新的影响。结果表明,金融化会显著抑制企业不同类型技术创新,且对突破式创新的抑制作用较大。在此基础上,将经济不确定性纳入研究框架发现,经济不确定性增加不仅会扩大金融化对企业不同类型技术创新的抑制作用,且这一抑制作用因企业所有权和所属产业不同而有所差异。其中,对于低创新强度的国有企业和非高新技术企业,经济不确定性增加会扩大金融化对其渐进式创新的抑制作用;而对于高创新强度的非国有企业和高新技术企业,经济不确定性增加则会扩大金融化对其突破式创新的抑制作用。进一步分析不同期限的金融资产投资对企业不同类型技术创新的影响,发现长期金融化会显著抑制企业不同类型技术创新,而短期金融化的影响则不显著。     

How Do Environmental Violation Events Harm Corporate Reputation?

This study, based on attribution theory, provides empirical evidence for how environmental violation events (EVEs) damage corporate reputation, using media reputation as a proxy. Hypotheses are developed to address the influences of violating firms’ past environmental behaviors and ownership on the reputational effect of EVEs. The results show that firms with a history of unfavorable behaviors (precedent environmental violation) are deemed by the media to be more culpable for adverse environmental events and consequently suffer more damage to their reputation, while for firms with a favorable environmental record (environmental awards and honors gained) the reputational harm of an EVE is alleviated to some extent. EVEs cause more reputational damage to foreign‐owned enterprises than to domestic‐owned firms. These findings reveal that certain company behaviors could exert an indirect effect on a firm's reputation by influencing public perception of later relevant behaviors, and imply a discriminatory treatment in a host country for foreign‐owned enterprises. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

中小型外贸企业的品牌策略

随着加入WTO,我国的中小型外贸企业只有打造自己的品牌,打响知名度,才能在激烈的竞争中占据一席之地。文章运用品牌管理学、经济学、心理学等相关知识和理论,分析我国中小型外贸企业所存在的问题,论述了如何针对中小型外贸企业自身特点而制定出与之相适应的品牌策略。     

垂直专业化对我国本土企业技术进步的影响研究

对于发展中国家而言,参与垂直专业化分工体系成为促进技术进步的重要途径之一。我国本土企业应该通过不断参与垂直专业化过程吸引外国直接投资,或参与中间产品进出口等途径不断获得国外技术溢出,最终促进自身技术进步。     

Topics in macro-modelling of East European countries in the period of transition

Central and European former Centrally Planned Economies (CPEs) entered a period of transition towards market economies. The evolution is marked by a transition from shortage- to demand-determined economies, associated with the abandonment of price control and the introduction of tight wage control. Stabilization programmes (in Poland from 1990), implementing tough deflationary fiscal and monetary policies, brought about the suppression of hyperinflation. The high adjustment costs — deep recession, high rates of unemployment — are characteristics of the early '90s. The deregulation of the public sector and the building of the private one commenced, and will be a long-lasting process.To meet the changes in economic regimes and mechanisms, the existing models had to be adequately respecified and new models constructed. The large W-5 macromodel for Poland, which covers the final and intermediate demands, had to be extended to introduce the market adjustment mechanisms and, more broadly, the financial flows. To meet the needs of short-term financial policies, new quarterly models had to be built, as, for instance, the WK macromodel for the Polish economy. The paper discusses the major problems of the models' specification under the data constraints.     

经理人组合报酬激励契约模型研究

经理人报酬激励制度是现代企业激励机制的重要组成部分,现代经理人的报酬激励具有多种实现形式。为了激励经理人的有效行为,利用最优报酬契约经济理论构建了一个包含短期激励以及长期激励的财务性组合报酬契约模型,以及分析非财务性报酬对经理人行为选择的影响,是十分必要的,尤其是对我国国有企业经理人报酬激励制度优化问题,应该是很好的借鉴。     

Engaging workers in resource-poor environments: the case of social enterprise in Vietnam

Abstract

How do social enterprises acquire and retain employees in resource-poor environments? This paper presents findings from a study examining human resource management (HRM) practices in transitional economy social enterprises, where research on HRM remains underexplored. Drawing on social exchange theory and employing a multiple-case study design, we examine the ways in which four well-established social enterprises in Vietnam use high-involvement work practices (HIWPs) to acquire, retain and support the performance of workers. The findings suggest that HIWPs increase the social exchange value of social enterprise employment but raise questions about business sustainability. We identify evidence of a unique bundle of HIWPs, which comprise four dimensions of the original model: information, knowledge, power, and rewards, and one new dimension, namely family-building practices.     

基于基因视角的企业技术创新变异机制研究

企业进化理论是一门新兴的企业理论。结合生物进化的基因理论与演化经济学等相关学科,在大量文献综合分析的基础上,从企业技术基因的视角,分析了企业技术创新的变异机制两种类型:技术基因复制变异和技术基因突变,以期对企业的创新过程做新的理论探讨。     

环境规制、技术创新与产能过剩

以2010—2015年沪深A股上市公司数据为样本,利用数据包络分析法计算出企业的产能利用率,用来衡量其产能过剩程度,实证分析环境规制对企业技术创新和产能过剩的影响,结果表明：环境规制与技术创新和产能利用率之间均存在“U”型关系,即较低的环境规制会约束企业的技术创新能力、加剧产能过剩,较高的环境规制会提高企业的技术创新能力、缓解产能过剩,技术创新在环境规制与产能利用率的“U”型关系中具有显著的中介效应。     

外商投资“研发中心”与本土企业合作的竞合博弈分析

现阶段我国外商投资R&D(研发)中心的建立已粗具规模,但是,本土企业与外商投资合作层次较低,外商投资研发机构的技术溢出效应十分有限。本文通过外资研发机构与本土企业合作机制的博弈模型,分析影响R&D合作的相关因素,提出进一步促进本土企业与外商投资R&D合作的思路和建议。     

Discourse as the means of community creation

The concept of “discourse communities” has wide use in education and linguistics, but has not yet been incorporated into studies of organizing. We would like to propagate the term in the context of organizing, as it extends the commonly accepted Foucault's insight that discourses tend to create their objects. One could add that discourses also create the identities of their participants. The concept is used in this paper as an analytical tool for three cases. We begin with the case of an attempt to create a new discourse community to replace an existing one. Following the logic of grounded theory, the analysis moves to a similar case—the creation of a discourse community around a product development project. The third case, although portraying a different process—an international acquisition—reveals a pattern similar to the second one. These cases demonstrate that discourses can both create and dissolve boundaries around a discourse community, and that although discourse is often used to create inclusion, it may also recreate the traditional patterns of exclusion.     

试论标准化文献服务机构在企业技术创新中的作用和地位

文章中重点指出标准化是企业技术创新的重要推动力和重要组成部分,深入探讨标准化与企业技术创新的相互关系具有重要的意义。通过介绍国外标准化的实践与发展,以及我国的创新政策体系现状,着重强调了标准化文献服务机构在推动企业技术创新中的作用和地位,充分发挥标准文献服务的作用,深度挖掘和利用标准文献资源,将极大地推进我国企业标准化进程。     

转换视角深入解读企业产品标准

文章围绕产品标准的定义，建议扩大产品标准范围，改变服务类、软件类的“产品标准”相对缺失的现状。制定并实施好产品标准，是将企业与市场连接到一起的桥梁。建议主管部门在认可企业“采用国际标准和国外先进标准”时应给一个宽泛的环境，对那些积极采用国外先进的工艺标准、设备标准、检测标准，包括积极采购国外先进的原料和机件的行为也应确定是“采用国际标准和国外先进标准”。     

Technology policy between ‘diversity’ and ‘one best practice’ — A comparison of Korean and German promotion schemes for new production technologies

Policy makers in all industrialized countries are increasingly orienting their science and technology policy towards foreign patterns. There seems to be ‘one best practice’ which is used by all nations to make their economies fit for global competition.This paper doubts this paradigm. By comparing the South Korean and German promotion schemes for new production technologies, it is shown that an appropriate technology policy has to take the individual national system of innovation into consideration. Merely initating the examples of countries with different frame conditions is inappropriate.Diversity in science and technology policy has been the precondition for the success of contributions of these policies to economic and technological development in both South Korea and Germany.     

中国企业技术创新若干问题的思考

本文从中国现阶段的经济现状出发,论证了企业技术创新无论对国家民族的兴旺发达,还是企业的生存和发展,都有着十分重要的意义.为了实现企业技术创新,文章提出当前企业最主要是实施“三个”转变:(1)企业要从以引进国外生产技术设备为主的形式,向以立足国内自主开发创新为主的形式转变.不断地创造出具有本企业特色的新的名牌产品.(2)要改革现行科技体制,建立健全企业自主开新机制.使企业真正成为技术开发、技术改造的主体,实现科技开发与经济发展密切结合起来,提高科研成果转变为现实生产力的概率.(3)企业当前不仅要在生产技术开发创新,而且也要在经营思想和经营方式上创新.要实施“顾客满意”工程战略(GS战略,Customer Satisfacion).推行品质功能展开技术(QFD,Quality Function Deployment),使企业更加明确市场需求与生产过程之间的相互关系,企业发展随着用户和消费者需求的不断发展而发展.     

金融发展对企业技术创新模式影响研究——基于中国高技术产业的实证分析

运用中国高技术产业统计数据,实证分析了金融发展对不同技术创新模式的作用机制,并探讨企业所有权性质对这种作用机制是否存在以及存在何种影响。实证分析结果表明：我国信贷市场发展比股票市场发展对自主创新的促进作用更大,并且这种促进作用并不受到企业所有权性质的影响;信贷市场发展对于增加国有企业R&D经费进而促进自主创新的作用更大,而股票市场发展对于增加民营企业R&D经费进而促进自主创新的促进作用更大、更显著;我国金融发展对于国有企业的自主创新与模仿创新的促进作用较大,而对民营企业的促进作用相对较小。     

中国国有、私营和外资工业企业地区间效率差异研究

根据中国30个省份工业企业2001~2011年的面板数据,基于Fre-Primont TFP指数DEA方法,测算各省份国有、私营和外资企业的综合效率、TFP增长及其分解要素,对其发展模式进行类别划分。结果表明,外资和私营企业的综合效率均值始终高于国有企业;工业企业表现出不同的效率优势,私营企业的优势在于技术效率和规模效率,国有企业的优势在于技术效率水平低但增长趋势显著,外资企业的优势在于范围经济效率;在研究期内TFP增长均产生了大幅增长,主要原因在于整体技术进步水平的大幅提高。进入高效高速发展模式省份最多的是外资企业,其次依次是私营和国有企业,三类企业地区间两极分化趋势明显。     

A comparison of two model averaging techniques with an application to growth empirics

Parameter estimation under model uncertainty is a difficult and fundamental issue in econometrics. This paper compares the performance of various model averaging techniques. In particular, it contrasts Bayesian model averaging (BMA) — currently one of the standard methods used in growth empirics — with a new method called weighted-average least squares (WALS). The new method has two major advantages over BMA: its computational burden is trivial and it is based on a transparent definition of prior ignorance. The theory is applied to and sheds new light on growth empirics where a high degree of model uncertainty is typically present.