二十世纪中国女性翻译家研究

在二十世纪的中国，一大批杰出的女性翻译家活跃在翻译领域。她们的成就主要体现在外国文学翻译方面。在翻译方法上，她们以直译为主，意译为辅，译文忠实流畅；在翻译风格上，她们温婉、细腻、多样。她们都有着相同的成长环境，优越的家庭条件和良好的教养是她们成就的基础，优秀的创作才能丰富了她们的翻译技巧。尽管她们在翻译领域作出了巨大贡献，但她们的社会地位依然是边缘化的，她们应该受到社会更多的关注。     

Keetie E. Sluyterman. Dutch Enterprise in the Twentieth Century: Business strategies in a Small Open Economy

Keetie Sluyterman's book is a prominent synthesis of the twentieth-centuryeconomic history of the Netherlands from a business historyperspective with a main focus on the varying business strategiesapplied by Dutch businesses. Sluyterman demonstrates how businesshistory can add the essential elements to our understanding. Sluyterman organizes the book chronologically in four periods.The first period covers the years from 1895 to 1914, where theworld economy     

Export Growth and Trade Policy in Ghana in the Twentieth Century

Ghana's exports on a per capita basis failed to grow over the course of the twentieth century. The reasons for this outcome are examined in this paper. It is argued that the success which characterised the period before independence was due to the combination of an open trade policy and flexible factor markets. The reversal of such policies at the time of independence was the source of the subsequent decline. While the terms of trade for Ghana's exports have fluctuated substantially there has been little change in their level over the century. Economic failure since independence has been due to domestic policies limiting export growth. The reforms of the post 1983 period have succeeded in preventing further decline; they have failed to provide a policy environment in which rapid growth of exports can occur. The nature of this policy failure is discussed.     

Corporate Social Responsibility in the 21st Century: A View from the World's Most Successful Firms

This investigation is motivated by the lack of scholarship examining the content of what firms are communicating to various stakeholders about their commitment to socially responsible behaviors. To address this query, a qualitative study of the legal, ethical and moral statements available on the websites of Forbes Magazine's top 50 U.S. and top 50 multinational firms of non-U.S. origin were analyzed within the context of stakeholder theory. The results are presented thematically, and the close provides implications for social responsibility among managers of global organizations as well as researchers interested in business ethics.     

The Accounting Profession: Substantive Change and/or Image Management

The accounting profession’s image and reputation is built upon the members of the profession acting with the “highest sense of integrity” in “the public interest” (AICPA, 2003, www.aicpa.org/about). The Enron debacle initiated the latest crisis facing the profession regarding its image and reputation. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is the largest professional body representing the accounting profession and the one to which regulators have looked in establishing and upholding professional standards relating to the public practice of accounting and auditing. One of the AICPA’s responsibilities is to “promote public awareness and confidence in the integrity, objectivity, competence and professionalism of CPAs ....” (AICPA, 2003, www.aicpa.org/about). We analyze the public statements issued by the AICPA (i.e., press releases, speeches of officers, testimony, published articles) during this ethical and identity crisis beginning with the AICPA’s first public statement on the Enron debacle (AIPCA 2001) and concluding with the AICPA recognizing the need for a “new accounting culture” (Melancon 2002). In order to better understand the public discourse, we use image restoration theory (Benoit, 1995), because it provides a typology of strategies for dealing with the public face of crises. We identify the three most common strategies the AICPA employs during this period. Proposals for taking corrective action represent the most commonly employed strategy, but the analysis also indicates an attempt to evade responsibility by claiming defeasibility and to reduce the offensiveness of the situation by employing a bolstering strategy. A second analysis using DICTION, a software package useful in revealing latent dimensions in a text, indicates that early statements tend to use language related to accomplishing specific action while the later statements tend more toward general language that relates to peoples’ everyday lives. The findings raise questions as to substantive nature of the changes proposed by the AICPA, and thus, the extent to which the public interest is being served by them.     

丝绸行业物流管理的发展及对策

我国丝绸业生产能力虽然有所提高,但丝绸企业物流管理滞后,效率低下,无法取得良好的经济效益。本文就如何加快丝绸行业物流管理发展进行了探讨,在提出现代物流管理的发展趋势和优势所在的前提下分析了我国丝绸行业物流的现状和存在的问题,并给出丝绸行业发展现代物流管理的相关对策建议。     

中国管理咨询业发展的进程与问题分析

中国管理咨询业经历初创阶段、逐步形成阶段和快速发展阶段,管理咨询服务市场开始迈向国际化。当前,存在的主要问题是管理实践能力欠缺、市场的培育不足、行业制度和规范较缺乏、内部管理不完善等。政府应加大扶持和市场培育力度、建立独立的行业协会组织、完善行业规范、加强管理咨询教育的管理实践、优化企业内部管理,不断提升中国管理咨询业的发展环境和整体竞争力,以更好地为中国企业服务。     

David P. Billington and David P. Billington, Jr. Power, Speed, and Form: Engineers and the Making of the Twentieth Century

This is an enjoyable book. Historians of technology will findit especially appealing, but this book deserves—and willno doubt find—a wide audience. The Billingtons, a father-sonteam of engineer and historian, have written an engaging andcomprehensible account of modern engineering. They examine eighttechnologies fundamental to the modern world: electric power,the telephone, oil refining, the automobile,     

Mark H. Rose, Bruce E. Seely, and Paul F. Barrett. The Best Transportation System in the World: Railroads, Trucks, Airlines, and American Public Policy in the Twentieth Century

As the mammoth title of this book suggests, the three authors,Mark Rose, Bruce Seely and the late Paul Barrett, cover publicpolicy matters that relate to the core forms of commercial transportationin the United States during the past century. In the process,they first examine railroads, indicating that progressive-erapoliticians brought about harsh statutes that damaged the earningspowers of these quasi-public corporations. Following the periodof federalization     

Implementing Experiential Action Learning in International Management Education: The Global Business Strategic (GLOBUSTRAT) Consulting Program

This paper discusses the theoretical foundations and implementation challenges and outcomes of a unique “hands‐on” global consulting program that is integrated into an international EMBA program for mid‐career and senior American and European managers. It details the challenges for the integration of experiential action learning, double‐loop learning, service learning, and tacit learning into global management education and discusses the value of such integration for the EMBA‐participant's learning experience. The lessons learned from the implementation of the use of integrated global consulting based on an experiential action learning model on EMBA education are discussed. The andragogical model of education used should be a useful guide for designing and implementing experiential action learning based MBA/EMBA programs.     

二十世纪中国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险的两次显著变化

利用我国1930-2000年不同时期的生命表资料,分析了20世纪30年代以来我国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险的变化,探讨了我国生殖健康政策在变化中的作用.20世纪我国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险有两次显著变化.第一次显著变化是在育龄人群死亡风险处在较高水平上发生的.在上个世纪50年代之前,育龄女性的死亡风险高于育龄男性,到50年代育龄女性死亡风险从高于育龄男性向低于育龄男性转变.第二次显著变化是在育龄人群死亡风险已下降到一个相对较低的水平上发生的.从上个世纪70年代开始到上个世纪末,育龄女性死亡风险的下降速度显著高于育龄男性,随着时间的推移育龄人群死亡水平的性别差异呈现扩大趋势.     

二十世纪中国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险的两次显著变化

利用我国1930-2000年不同时期的生命表资料,分析了20世纪30年代以来我国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险的变化,探讨了我国生殖健康政策在变化中的作用.20世纪我国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险有两次显著变化.第一次显著变化是在育龄人群死亡风险处在较高水平上发生的.在上个世纪50年代之前,育龄女性的死亡风险高于育龄男性,到50年代育龄女性死亡风险从高于育龄男性向低于育龄男性转变.第二次显著变化是在育龄人群死亡风险已下降到一个相对较低的水平上发生的.从上个世纪70年代开始到上个世纪末,育龄女性死亡风险的下降速度显著高于育龄男性,随着时间的推移育龄人群死亡水平的性别差异呈现扩大趋势.     

绿色管理:21世纪新的竞争力之源

21世纪是绿色世纪,面对绿色市场的拉动力、绿色家园的威胁力、绿色壁垒的冲击力和绿色效益的内驱力,企业只有迅速转变经营战略,树立绿色理念,开发绿色产品,应用绿色技术,推行绿色生产,拓展绿色营销等绿色管理举措,才能取得新的竞争力之源。     

JoAnne Yates. Structuring the Information Age: Life Insurance and Technology in the Twentieth Century. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins Press, 2005. x + 351 pp. ISBN 0-8018-8086-6, $49.95.

Structuring the Information Age delineates the incorporationof the computer into the life insurance bureaucracy and howlife insurance affected the rise of computers. The life insuranceindustry is an excellent choice for a study of how informationtechnology ‘revolutions’ actually are incrementallyappropriated by enterprises and society. Insurance as a financialintermediary depends on information for its existence. Changesin information manipulation fundamentally affect managementpractice. Moreover, it was a large market for producers of businessmachines. The industry     

Ethical Behaviour in the U.K. Audit Profession: The Case of the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Under Going-Concern Uncertainties

External auditors owe a professional duty to the company's stockholders and to society in general. However their remuneration is determined by management. The resulting conflicts of interest are particularly acute in distressed companies where the auditors are required to disclose uncertainties regarding future survival. We focus on the consequentialist self-fulfilling prophecy argument whereby auditors may fail to disclose such uncertainties due to the belief that the disclosure itself would precipitate the company's bankruptcy. We find no empirical support for such beliefs for a sample of distressed U.K. companies with audit reports published between 1986 and 1993. Companies whose auditors disclose going concern uncertainties are no more likely to fail than those without such disclosures; indeed three out of four reports containing going concern uncertaintiesare not followed by failure before publication of a subsequent set of accounts. Instead we find that it is the degree of financial distress that drives both bankruptcy and the auditor's going concern disclosure rather than that the disclosure itself causes failure. Belief in the self-fulfilling prophecy effect nevertheless persists, and this despite the profession's clear ethical guidelines that audit opinions should provide an objectively true and fair view, paying no regard to possible consequences. It may be that the continued attractiveness of the self-fulfilling prophecy belief is due to its providing a means of resolving intense auditor/management conflict in what is a particularly complex decision situation. We argue that, if the profession's clear ethical guidelines are to play a greater role in this area, issues such as enforcement will need to be addressed.     

FOCUS: Ethics in the Accountancy Profession in Ireland

Accountants confronted with ethical dilemmas are expected to comply with their ethical guide or seek advice from their professional body. This study of Chartered Accountants in Ireland records their views on the usefulness of a Code of Ethics, the efficacy of their professional Institute and the need for ethics courses in Continuing Professional Development. Peter Clarke is a lecturer in the Department of Accountancy, University College Dublin, Dublin 4; Nancy Hill and Kevin Stevens are members of the School of Accountancy, DePaul University, Chicago.