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1.
利用淮安市2008-2013年工业能源消耗数据,根据IPCC提供的碳排放计算方法,对淮安市碳排放量与碳排放强度进行了计算,分析了工业碳排放的变化趋势。结果显示,淮安市能源消耗量以平均每年5.89%的增长率持续增长,略低于全国同期水平,而碳排放量则是以年均4.45%的增长率增长着。淮安市的碳排放强度则处于持续下降的过程,年均下降率达到了19.32%。根据研究结果,提出了工业发展相应对策,以推进淮安市低碳经济的发展。 相似文献
2.
为了探求河南省化石能源消耗及工业生产过程对省域碳循环影响,利用ORNL和EEA提出的区域碳排放和碳吸收定量模型,估算并分析了2000~2009年河南省域碳均衡动态变化.结果表明:2000~2009年河南省碳排放量为119295.76×104t,其中化石燃料排放量占碳排放总规模92.3%,工业生产过程碳排放为7.7%;煤... 相似文献
3.
目的 农业作为保障国家粮食安全和生态安全的基础性产业,在推动我国实现“碳达峰与碳中和”目标中将起到至关重要的作用。农业温室气体减排和农田土壤固碳是实现农业碳中和的重要途径,但在国家整体“双碳”目标实现过程中,农业碳达峰、助力碳中和应该主要解决什么问题,以便能够更好地纳入国家总体布局中;在实施过程中需要注意哪些全局性和方向性的问题目前尚不清晰。方法 文章对目前农业固碳减排研究的成果进行了系统的梳理、总结和凝练,针对我国不同阶段农业固碳减排在“双碳”目标实现中所需解决的科学问题和技术难题提出相应建议。结果 明确了“双碳”目标实现过程中,不同阶段农业固碳减排需关注和解决的三大关系(固碳减排与生产力稳定性之间的协同关系、土壤固碳与温室气体减排之间的协同关系、温室气体与污染物协同减排的关系),并在系统监测、碳贸易方法学、构建人才队伍等方面提出了未来发展的方向及建议。结论 为科学控制我国农业温室气体排放、发展低碳绿色农业提供参考依据,以期为实现我国“碳中和”目标贡献农业力量。 相似文献
4.
改进的区域旅游业碳足迹测度模型及张家界实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《林业经济问题》2013,(5)
将成分法和生命周期法结合运用,建立起区域旅游业温室气体排放的测算模型,将区域旅游业的碳足迹分为旅游开发过程中的碳足迹,旅游消费过程中的旅游交通碳足迹、旅游餐饮碳足迹、旅游购物碳足迹、旅游住宿碳足迹、旅游游览碳足迹、旅游娱乐碳足迹,旅游废弃物处理过程中的旅游用水碳足迹和旅游固体废弃物碳足迹,并对张家界旅游业碳足迹进行实证分析。结果表明,张家界的旅游业属于低碳旅游业。 相似文献
5.
There is an ever growing demand for energy worldwide and the demand for gas alone is predicted to double between 2010 and 2035. This demand together with concurrent advances in drilling technologies caused the production of unconventional natural gas such as shale gas and coal seam gas (CSG), which is in the focus of this paper, to grow rapidly in the last decades. With the gas bearing coal seams extending across vast areas within their respective basins and with CSG production having to follow these seams through a network of production wells, pipelines and access roads, CSG activity affects large areas and therefore interferes with existing land uses, predominantly agriculture. For the eastern Australian Surat Basin and the southern Bowen Basin alone there are projected well numbers in excess of 15,000 to 20,000 between the years 2020 and 2030. The interference of CSG with agriculture on a large scale has raised concerns about the impact of CSG on farmland, food security, water resources and the socio-economic environment within the affected regions and beyond. This paper presents a newly developed spatial model which provides order of magnitude figures of the impact of CSG activity on gross economic returns of current agricultural land uses in a given region over the time of CSG production. The estimated gross figures do not account for any compensation payments received by farmers. The model is capable of accounting for a variation in a variety of parameters including impact frequency of distinct infrastructure elements, differences in soil types and associated varying responses of soil productivity, varying length of the CSG production phase and more. The model is flexible in that it can be transferred and applied in other regions as well. Based upon a literature review and given that CSG is an industry that started operating at larger scales relatively recently, we claim that the presented model is the first of its kind to provide these important agro-economic indicators. 相似文献
6.
Three nationwide grassland conservation programs have been implemented in Inner Mongolia since 2000. All aim to relieve grazing pressure, hence to reverse the grassland degradation trend. The different timings and spatial configurations of these programs present an unusual setting of quasi-natural policy experiment for exploring their effectiveness and interactions with other drivers on a regional scale. In this paper, a spatial panel model was developed to examine the effects of the programs on vegetation rehabilitation, meanwhile to detect the spatial interdependent relationship among grassland management units occurring in the process of program implementation. The methodology used a panel dataset of SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI data, multi-station surface meteorological observations, and socio-economic statistics across 88 counties from 2000 to 2013. The modeling results suggested that these programs in general significantly facilitated grassland vegetation rehabilitation. Enrollment in the Beijing–Tianjin Wind/Sand Source Control Program and in the Grazing Withdrawal Program was predicted to increase the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value by an amount equivalent to the effects of 136 mm and 56 mm additional annual precipitation, respectively. The positive and significant coefficient of spatial lag term indicated that there was a synergistic relationship in the vegetation variations of neighboring counties, and a unit increase in the weighted sum of all neighboring counties’ NDVI values could approximately increase a target county's NDVI value by 0.2, after controlling for other factors’ effects. Certain spatial spillover mechanisms may function to generate this effect, such as benign competition, mutual cooperation and coordination, or sharing of successful experiences among neighboring counties in carrying out the programs. Nevertheless, the actual mechanisms need to be confirmed by field surveys in future studies. 相似文献
7.
Transportation projects are typically characterized by increased land use, which is a scarce resource of economic value. However, there is a tendency to ignore land value during feasibility studies of transportation projects. This may lead to a reduction in the economic efficiency of a project and to increased land use. This paper presents an economic model, based on the relationship between the elasticity of land price with respect to density, and estimating the future value of land designated for various uses, including transportation projects. The model was applied to transactional data from Israel, and was used for examining the value of land designated for two transport projects within Israel. The conclusions of the study indicate that taking the land value during a feasibility analysis of transportation projects into account, may lead to the consideration of other alternative plans, which may prevent the excessive use of land. 相似文献
8.
自21世纪以来,温室气体排放带来的全球变暖问题已经日渐影响人类的生存,碳减排也成为全世界各国的重要任务,碳汇渔业因其具有的良好碳减排作用应该大力推行发展。然而水产养殖自身的碳排放压力又十分突出,因此建立一个水产养殖碳排量计算模型,了解养殖活动各环节的碳排放量,对于规范和推进渔业的发展有着重要的意义。本文建立了水产养殖碳排放量计算模型,并实证计算了某问卷调查养殖企业的碳排放量,验证了计算模型的可行性。 相似文献
9.
[目的]小麦作为我国重要的口粮作物,其生产布局变化影响市场供给的均衡性,关系小麦生产稳定,也关系国家粮食安全。[方法]采用1978—2014年全国省级面板数据,运用生产规模指数、集中度指数、生产重心指数及重心转变路径全面分析中国小麦生产布局空间演化特点,通过莫兰指数检验各区域小麦播种面积的空间相关性,构建空间杜宾模型分析小麦生产布局的影响因素。[结果](1)随着时间迁移,小麦生产布局由分散逐渐变集中,主要集中于中部、黄淮海地区,该地区的面积和产量对全国小麦生产的贡献最大;(2)无论是从播种面积还是产量角度,中国小麦生产重心都表现出自北向南再向东的趋势;(3)小麦生产的空间集聚效应随时间变化越来越显著;(4)灌溉水平和化肥投入对该区、相邻地区和全国的小麦播种面积均有正向作用,机械投入、政策和技术水平对该区、相邻地区和全国的小麦播种面积均产生负向影响,比较收益和非农就业机会对该区和相邻地区的小麦播种面积均有影响,但作用方向相反。[结论]建议小麦生产布局优化要注重发挥相邻区域农民的学习效仿能力,促进小麦品种研发技术提升,增强小麦生长的环境适应性,提高小麦生产的要素配置效率,关注非农就业导致的小麦播种面积波动,保障主产省农民收益。 相似文献
10.
利用统计数据、经验公式和碳排放系数,核算山东省2003-2012年基于土地利用结构变化的碳排放量;通过ArcGIS10.2聚类分析,揭示山东省碳排放的时空格局变异特征;并与以往山东省碳排放的研究成果、GDP相近省份的碳排放量进行对比,评定此次估算的准确性。结果表明:2003-2012年间,山东省从碳汇状态(-5.14×106t)转变为碳源状态(1.38×108t),增长率超过27倍;建设用地是最大的碳源,建设用地面积与碳净排放量的相关系数高达0.942,林地(含园地)是主要的碳汇,但建设用地的边际碳排放量远远高于林地(含园地)的边际碳吸收量;山东省碳净排放量的时空格局差异显著,经济发展水平较高的鲁中和鲁东地区的碳净排放量居高,林业生态较好的鲁西、鲁北和鲁南地区碳净排放量居低,处于碳汇状态的地市数目从2005年的10个减少到2008年的3个和2012年的2个;山东省的建设用地边际碳排放量高于全国平均数值,总体碳源/汇水平与江苏省相当,尚具有较大的节能减排潜力。 相似文献
11.
当前,无论是从国内供给侧改革,保持国民经济持续稳定增长的角度,还是从遵从国际社会道义,承担起大国应有的担当出发,我国都面临的巨大的减排压力,在国内企业减排自觉性不强,碳排放权交易收效不明的情况下,征收碳税再次被推上议事日程。选取1970—2009年国际石油价格、全球碳排放总量及我国碳排放总量的相关数据,利用VAR模型分析国际石油价格对全球及我国碳排放总量的影响,认为将单次价格变化的政策,如征收碳税,作为控制碳排放的手段措施,在短期内收效明显,并且市场化程度越高,短期效果越明显,但政策作用期也更短;长期内,不管是市场化程度高的地区还是市场化较低的区域,单次石油价格变化对碳排放量都影响甚小。 相似文献
12.
中国农业碳补偿率空间效应及影响因素研究——基于空间Durbin模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探索农业碳补偿率空间关联情况、溢出效应及影响因素,可为分区制定农业减排措施提供理论依据。本文将农业生态系统的碳吸收、碳排放双重效应同时纳入考虑范围,在测算2007—2016年中国30个省(市、自治区)农业碳补偿率基础上,基于距离平方倒数权重矩阵,运用Moran’s I指数探究碳补偿率空间集聚情况,再构建空间Durbin模型对其空间溢出效应及影响因素展开探讨。结果显示:(1)农业碳补偿率表现出区域集聚态势,\"高—高\"集聚的省份均属于东北地区和西南地区,\"低—低\"集聚省份主要处于北部沿海地区、东部沿海地区和长江中游地区。随时间流逝,北部沿海地区的\"低—低\"集聚效应逐渐减弱,\"高—高\"集聚中心由东北地区转移至西南地区。(2)农业碳补偿率存在显著正向溢出效应,邻近省份农业碳补偿率提高1%,将导致本省农业碳补偿率增加0.439%,区域农业碳吸收能力呈互相促进、协同提升的演进特征。(3)农业经济发展、农林牧渔部门比例优化与造林力度均对本省农业碳补偿率具有正向影响,农林牧渔从业人数、化肥施用强度和草食牲畜占比则呈负向作用;源于溢出效应,邻近省份农业经济发展与部门比例优化均有利于本省农业碳补偿率的提高。建议各省份加强区域协作,调控关键影响因素,因地制宜探索多元化的协同减排增汇路径。 相似文献
13.
This paper examines the potential and the cost of promoting forest carbon sequestration through a tax/subsidy to land owners for reducing/increasing carbon storage in their forests. We use a partial equilibrium model based on intertemporal optimization to estimate the impacts of carbon price (the tax/subsidy rate) on timber harvest volume and price in different time periods and on the change of forest carbon stock over time. The results show that a higher carbon price would lead to higher forest carbon stocks. The tax/subsidy induced annual net carbon sequestration is declining over time. The net carbon sequestration during 2015–2050 would increase by 30.2 to 218.3 million tonnes of CO2, when carbon price increases from 170 SEK to 1428 SEK per tonne of CO2. The associated cost, in terms of reduced total benefits of timber and other non-timber goods, ranges from 80 SEK to 105.8 SEK per tonne of CO2. The change in carbon sequestration (as compared with the baseline case) beyond 2050 is small when carbon price is 680 SEK per tonne of CO2 or lower. With a carbon price of 1428 SEK per tonne of CO2, carbon sequestration will increase by 70 million tonnes of CO2 from the baseline level during 2050-2070, and by 64 million tonnes during 2070–2170. 相似文献
14.
Tropical forests potentially contribute to global climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration, hence a global carbon pool. In order to mitigate the global climate change impact, the Kyoto protocol developed the clean development mechanism (CDM) which supports carbon credits for plantation activities in developing countries. Unfortunately, none of the CDM forestry projects included bamboo as a carbon reservoir. Although bamboo is an integrating part of tropical forest ecosystems, it was overlooked in the initial negotiating process. The present study, therefore, investigated the carbon storage potential of a common bamboo species, Bambusa vulgaris at Lawachara forest reserve of Bangladesh. Results showed that five-year-old B. vulgaris stand stored in total 77.67 t C ha−1 of which 50.44 t C ha−1 were stored in the above ground biomass (culms, branches and leaves), 2.52 t C ha−1 in the below ground biomass and 24.71 t C ha−1 in the soils. This amount of carbon storage is much more promising than the carbon storage of many other tree species considered in the CDM projects. These findings demonstrate the potential of B. vulgaris to be considered in CDM projects as a plantation species and thereby mitigate climate change impact more efficiently. 相似文献
15.
目的 畜牧业已成为我国农业经济的重要支柱产业,推进畜牧业可持续发展对现代畜牧业建设具有重要意义。方法 文章综合运用非期望产出超效率EBM模型、核密度估计、标准差椭圆、空间马尔可夫链等方法,从时间和空间角度分析2002—2018年中国31省(市、自治区,不含港澳台)畜牧业生态效率的动态演化特征,并联立STIRPAT模型和动态空间杜宾模型分析影响因素的溢出效应。结果 (1)中国畜牧业生态效率整体水平较低,呈现波动上升趋势,在空间上有明显的阶梯性,逐渐形成“俱乐部收敛”式两极格局;(2)西部地区是畜牧业生态效率提高的重点区域,有加速向东部转移融合的趋势;(3)中国畜牧业生态效率的提升是一个长期且相对稳定的过程,地理空间格局对其影响显著,难以实现跨越式转移;(4)财富、人口、技术等方面因素对畜牧业生态效率表现出不同的短期和长期空间溢出效应。结论 中国畜牧业要走协同发展道路,注重生态补偿与区域联动,切实转变畜牧业发展方式,在各影响因素间寻找均衡点,构建优势互补、分工明确、竞争有度的产业生态体系,稳步实现畜牧业可持续发展,切不可急功近利。 相似文献
16.
空间信息技术的迅猛发展和广泛应用,使得矿产资源评价逐渐走向以地理信息系统(GIS)技术为支撑的信息化时代。从矿产资源综合评价和GIS技术发展两个方面出发,基于GIS构建了一个矿产资源评价系统,讨论分析了系统的基本思路和技术设计,在此基础上通过煤炭资源空间流动的实例对系统进行了初步的应用分析。 相似文献
17.
David M. Stoms Patrick A. Jantz Frank W. Davis Gregory DeAngelo 《Land use policy》2009,26(4):1149-1161
Public and private programs have preserved an estimated 730,000 ha of agricultural land in the United States by acquiring agricultural conservation easements (ACEs) that retire a property's development rights. ACEs could be a potent tool for smart growth if strategically targeted. This paper attempts to quantify measures of strategic targeting of ACEs as guidance for planners. Evaluating the placement of 157 ACEs in the San Francisco Bay Area of California produced mixed results. Preservation and development of agricultural land were both consistent with general plans. In contrast, we found little evidence of ACEs being used on a regional scale either to reinforce urban growth boundaries or to coalesce with other open space to form large contiguous blocks of protected areas. We used the TOPSIS method (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to identify the most strategic agricultural lands, which are quite different from where easements have been established through 2002. We encourage planners to consider strategic targeting of ACEs as a politically acceptable mechanism to complement traditional planning tools to minimize low density sprawl. 相似文献
18.
[目的]为研究河南省小麦节肥减排潜力。[方法]文章基于农业统计数据、2 063份农户小麦调研数据和1 582组小麦田间试验数据,采用ArcGIS系统分析河南省农户习惯管理下小麦氮磷钾肥施用量及区域间差异,评价不同区域与推荐施肥相比的节肥潜力;应用生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法,定量河南省及不同区域小麦温室气体(greenhouse gas,GHG)减排潜力及区域性差异,为我国农业可持续发展和环境保护提供科学依据。[结果](1)河南省农户小麦习惯施氮量平均198 kg/hm2(174~259kg/hm2),其中东部和北部相对较高,中部和南部较低;在节氮量方面,小麦单位面积节氮量平均为42 kg/hm2,在县域水平上差异很大,整体上由南往北逐渐增加。(2)农户小麦习惯施磷量平均为121 kg/hm2(64~210 kg/hm2),呈现北高南低、中部高低交错。平均单位面积节磷量为16 kg/hm2,以15~55 kg/hm... 相似文献
19.
Luc Anselin 《Agricultural Economics》2002,27(3):247-267
This paper reviews a number of conceptual issues pertaining to the implementation of an explicit “spatial” perspective in applied econometrics. It provides an overview of the motivation for including spatial effects in regression models, both from a theory‐driven as well as from a data‐driven perspective. Considerable attention is paid to the inferential framework necessary to carry out estimation and testing and the different assumptions, constraints and implications embedded in the various specifications available in the literature. The review combines insights from the traditional spatial econometrics literature as well as from geostatistics, biostatistics and medical image analysis. 相似文献
20.
GIS中基于特征的数据模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
尹章才 《国土资源科技管理》2002,19(2):50-53
当前的GIS,采用基于专题地图分层的空间数据表达思想,地理特征表现为具有拓扑关系和分类属性的几何对象,缺乏表达语义之间的关系和特征之间的固有联系。本文探讨了能更好表达地理特生的数据模型。 相似文献