农村人力资本投资对农村居民收入结构的影响研究--中国中西部的面板数据

农村人力资本投资与农村居民工资性收入的关系是研究农村经济发展的一个重要课题,工资性收入的快速增加直接激变农村收入结构的变化。利用中部八省和西部十二省（市）的1998-2012年农村居民工资性收入、家庭经营收入与人力资本投资的面板数据,分别构建计量模型,通过中西部地区的人力资本投资对农村居民工资性收入和家庭经营收入的影响研究,发现人力资本投资对工资性收入和家庭经营收入都存在正影响,但对工资性收入的影响更大;进而分析农村人力资本投资对农村居民收入结构变迁的影响,农村居民收入结构的变迁将会推动城乡结构的演变,有利于实现城乡协调发展,构建和谐社会。     

农村居民工资收入与农村人力资本投资的区域差异研究——基于经济发展的视角

人力资本是资本的一种形态。人力资本包括人的知识和人的技能,只有通过一定方式的投资,掌握了知识和技能的人力资源才是一切生产资源中最重要的资源。利用中国东部、中部、西部农村居民的工资性收入与农村人力资本投资数据构建面板数据模型,研究农村人力资本投资对中国东部、中部、西部农村居民工资性收入的影响,得出东部地区最高,西部地区次之,中部地区最低。东部、中部、西部的经济发展对农村居民工资性收入的影响存在较大的差异。     

西部地区农村居民不同来源的收入对其消费的影响

本文基于我国西部11个省2000～2009年的面板数据,利用凯恩斯消费函数模型,分析不同来源的收入对农村居民消费的影响。研究发现西部地区农村居民家庭经营收入的消费效应最大,工资收入对消费的影响在逐渐提高;转移性收入对消费的影响并不显著;财产性收入则没有通过显著性检验。最后本文提出了有利于提高西部地区农村居民消费率的政策建议。     

农民收入变动及影响因素的定量分析

文章通过考察20世纪90年代以来农民收入的变动情况,分析农民收入结构的变化。利用动态计量模型协整方法,得出影响农民家庭经营收入与工资性收入的主要影响因素和影响程度。即农产品生产价格和农村固定资产投资对农民家庭经营收入有很大的正效应;非农劳动力的比重对农民工资性收入具有很大的正效应,在提高农民收入上主要应从以上三方面入手。     

西部地区农民收入变动的阶段性特征及其收入构成变化——以云南省为例

西部地区农民收入的变化具有很强的阶段性特征.对农民收入来源构成的实证研究发现,家庭经营收入仍然是农民收入的主要来源,对农民收入增加贡献最大,工资性收入的比重逐步增加.与全国平均水平对比来看,家庭经营收入的比重远远高于全国平均水平,工资性收入的比重及其对农民收入增加的贡献率远远低于全国平均水平.因此,增加工资性收入是增加西部地区农民收入,缩小地区差距的有效途径.     

非农就业机会不平等对地区间农村收入差距的影响分析

文章通过建立农村收入模型，分析了东、中、西部地区间的农村收入差距。分析结果表明，农村地区间的工资性收入差距是构成农村收入差距的重要因素。区域间农村工业化发展水平和城市非农部门发展水平差异所造成的非农就业机会的不平等，以及农民在获得非农就业机会能力上的差异是导致地区间农村工资性收入差距的主要原因。     

中国农村反贫困制约因素分析

由于中国农村的贫困问题主要表现为农村家庭年人均收入绝对水平的低下,无法维持最基本的生产和生活需要。农村贫困户的家庭年人均收入又主要来自于以第一产业为主的家庭经营收入和非农业的工资性收入,所以贫困地区农户能否脱贫的关键就取决于能否获得较高的家庭经营收入和持续稳定的工资性收入。新时期制约贫困农户脱贫的因素众多,本文主要从土地、资本、劳动力等经济因素和基础设施、技术和制度结构等社会因素进行综合分析探讨。     

新时期农民增收对策研究

一、农民收入来源结构变化的历史回顾 新中国成立以来,我国农民人均纯收入由1949年的43．8元增加到2009年的5153元,增长了117倍。从1983年开始,家庭经营性收入占比首次超过工资性收入。2009年家庭经营性收入和工资性收入分别占农民纯收入的49％和40％,两项相加接近90％。财产性收入和转移性收入占比一直比较低。2009年财产性收入和转移性收入分别占农民纯收入的3．3％和7．7％。     

临沂市农民增收长效机制研究

随着临沂市城乡实际人均纯收入比率的不断提高,农民增收问题已经成为制约临沂市经济发展的重要问题。分析表明,家庭经营性收入和工资性收入是影响临沂市农民增收的最重要的两个方面,而资源、市场、政策以及城乡一体化进程等则是制约家庭经营性收入和工资性收入的重要因素。因此,文章从这些方面分析有利于建立临沂市农民增收的长效机制。     

农村金融大数据下小额信贷与农民收入的实证研究

近几年来,我国农村金融大数据技术快速发展,而农户大数据库的建立则可以快速匹配农户的实际经济状况,从而发展针对农户的小额信贷业务,小额信贷的快速衍生也在一定程度上能够促进我国农村地区的收入增长。为了研究我国小额信贷与农民收入之间的关联性,文章以我国31个省市及自治区为研究对象,将我国地域划分为东部、中部、西部地区,利用面板数据对其进行实证分析,从而得出东部和西部地区小额信贷对农民收入的影响均为显著的正效应。而中部地区小额信贷对农民收入的促进作用并不明显,并结合我国农村金融大数据的背景提出了相关对策建议。     

Mobile Payment and Informal Business: Evidence from China's Household Panel Data

This paper uses household panel data to explore the impact of mobile payments on China's household business activity. Using a difference‐in‐difference fixed effect specification, I find that mobile payment users are more likely to operate small‐scale and self‐employed informal businesses. The impact of using mobile payment primarily derives from the transition of agricultural families to business owners and the development of informal businesses. The paper illustrates an associated increase in employment and income for family members, with more pronounced effects on low‐income and rural households. It also provides prima facie evidence of the increase in fund transfers, which is important for risk sharing that informal businesses may encounter.     

Trade Opening,Fiscal Reforms,Poverty, and Inequality: A CGE Analysis for Bangladesh

We assess the short‐ and long‐run impacts of tariff reform policies on Bangladeshi households' poverty and income distribution by developing an 86‐sector, four‐factor, and nine‐household‐group computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The main findings are that the complete removal of tariffs leads to a decrease in overall poverty with rich household groups in a relatively better position. In the short run poverty incidence increases for rural landless, urban illiterate, and low‐educated household groups whereas rural large farmer and urban medium household groups enjoy improvements in all poverty indicators. In terms of income distribution, trade liberalization enhances inequality slightly, but there is a tendency towards more equitable distribution in the long run. The choice of a fiscal compensatory mechanism with consumption tax is likely to play a negative role in terms of poverty and inequality in the short run; however, interestingly, the results are pro‐poor in the long run.     

The long-term evolution of national income inequality and rural poverty in China

Using the five waves of the China Household Income Project surveys conducted during 1988–2013, we investigate long-term changes in national income inequality and rural poverty in China. National income inequality rose markedly to 2007 and thereafter fell slightly. Income growth was widely shared, but inequality increased because the high-income percentiles had faster income growth than lower percentiles and because the gap between urban and rural household incomes widened. The fall in income inequality after 2007 reflects faster income growth among low-income percentiles and the impacts of newly introduced redistributive policies. The paper also finds a considerable, ongoing poverty reduction in rural China. A poverty decomposition analysis indicates that this rural poverty reduction was mostly due to income growth rather than redistribution.     

Socioeconomic Changes and the Decline in Poverty: A View from Three Villages in the Philippines, 1985–1997*

The present paper examines socioeconomic changes and decline in rural poverty using a panel dataset collected in the Philippine villages in 1985, 1993 and 1997. The most important finding is the transition of the rural economy away from a regime of low nonfarm income to a regime of high nonfarm income accompanied by a marked decline in poverty. The relative contribution of access to land on rural poverty reduction declined, whereas the relative contribution of human capital, more importantly represented by college schooling, increased over time.     

Analysing post-apartheid poverty trends by geo-type, 1997–2012: The understated role of urbanisation and social grants

This article investigates poverty trends in post-apartheid South Africa with an explicit focus on differences between rural and urban areas. Using nationally representative household survey data from 1997–2012, I first describe changes in population characteristics and household access to different income sources and services, by urban–rural geo-type. Income data are then used to generate poverty statistics, which cast light on divergent trends in rural and urban areas. Next, I employ a poverty decomposition method to further explore some potential reasons why the poverty trends in rural and urban areas have differed. Data from the Afrobarometer are then used to probe how subjective non-monetary welfare has changed over time across geo-types. The evidence from all surveys suggests that the dramatic increase in access to services and social grants in rural areas has played a vital role in poverty reduction.     

社会资本、农地流转与农户消费扩张

中国农户消费转型升级引发各方关注,但鲜有从社会资本的视角探讨农地流转对农户消费的影响及其微观作用机理。文章在理论层面分析了农地流转通过影响农户生计资本变动和生计策略调整对农户消费的传导机制,并基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)三期面板数据,定量评估了农地流转对农户消费影响的社会资本效应。结果表明:(1)我国农户消费基尼系数总体呈缩窄趋势,但农地转出农户相比农地转入农户具有更高的人均消费支出及消费不均等程度;(2)农地流转能够影响农户关键自然资本改变和生计策略调整,从而显著提高农户消费水平,且参与农地流转农户相比未参与农地流转农户具有更高的消费动机;(3)社会资本在农户农地转入和转出过程中对农户消费存在微观中介效应,即社会资本越高的农户参与农地流转的概率越大,且能够通过提高农地转出户非农就业机会和扩大其多元化收入来源,间接提升农户消费水平。在精准扶贫和乡村振兴战略协同背景下,应积极有序推进农地适度规模经营,促进农地转出户非农就业,并强化农户社会资本建设,提高农户多元化收入,从而全面助推农村消费转型升级。     

Food poverty,hunger and household production in rural Eastern Cape households

More than two decades since the advent of democracy in South Africa, the place of small-scale agriculture in rural development, poverty alleviation and food security remains ambiguous and highly contested. However, there is now some new evidence that official income poverty estimates in South Africa may be underestimating the contribution of rural, land-based livelihoods when measuring household well-being. This paper aims to explore this possibility further by identifying how household production activities are associated with improved food security among rural Eastern Cape households in the former homelands. The analysis is based on data from Statistics South Africa’s 2008/9 Living Conditions Survey and its annual General Household Surveys. In adopting a food poverty lens, the findings suggest that hunger levels are lower among farming households in the Eastern Cape even though a higher percentage of these households (relative to non-farming households) live below the national food poverty line. The paper concludes by discussing some implications for policy.     

Agricultural Technology, Crop Income, and Poverty Alleviation in Uganda

This paper evaluates the ex post impact of adopting improved groundnut varieties on crop income and poverty in rural Uganda. The study utilizes cross-sectional data of 927 households, collected in 2006, from seven districts in Uganda. Using propensity score matching methods, we find that adopting improved groundnut varieties (technology) significantly increases crop income and reduces poverty. The positive and significant impact on crop income is consistent with the perceived role of new agricultural technologies in reducing rural poverty through increased farm household income. This study supports broader investment in agriculture research to address vital development challenges. Reaching the poor with better technologies however requires policy support for improving extension efforts, access to seeds and market outlets that simulate adoption.