基于区块链的小微企业供应链融资应用研究

为解决供应链中上下游小微企业融资难、融资信息不对称等问题,本文对"区块链+供应链金融"融资平台及运作进行深入分析,运用区块链追溯性、链式结构等技术特点,构建应收款管理系统,提出"区块链+供应链金融"方式为主的小微企业融资解决方案,以帮助小微企业解决融资难题。     

区块链赋能下供应链金融服务小微企业融资博弈分析

区块链与供应链的融合为解决小微企业融资困境提供了新的可能.在分析区块链赋能供应链金融作用机理的基础上,构建金融机构与小微企业、核心企业与小微企业的动态演化博弈模型,并结合实例运用MATLAB进行数值仿真,得出对接区块链平台是金融机构的占优策略,而区块链通过推动信用拆分流转、提升融资效率、增加违约成本、降低融资利率等传导路径,助力小微企业做出守信决策,并通过网络协同守信激励、失信联合惩戒和合理的收益分成,使博弈均衡向金融机构敢贷、愿贷,呈现核心企业与小微企业"双守信"的理想状态演化,从而赋能供应链金融良性发展,纾解小微企业融资难、融资贵问题.最后,根据博弈结果,提出搭建基于联盟链的供应链金融公共服务平台,运用区块链的创新特征提高网络协同效率,完善激励相容机制,构建数字供应链金融新生态等建议,以更好满足小微企业和实体经济的融资需求.     

基于区块链技术多层供应链金融体系的优势、价值及构建 ——信用无损失传递微观视角下的分析

小微企业是我国社会经济发展中的重要力量,然而现实中融资难、融资贵问题已成为制约小微企业发展的主要原因之一。供应链金融的应用有助于缓解小微企业融资困局,但传统单层融资模式无法使核心企业的信用跨层穿透至融资需求更为迫切的上下游小微企业。区块链技术对于多层供应链金融场景下核心企业信用无损传递具有独特的技术优势,有助于提高供应链信息透明度、保证价值转移和信用多层穿透、实现风险完整监控和穿透式监管。建议按照"多方信用共建+监管科技升级+标准平台体系+通证数字转型"的四维发展模式,鼓励多方探索、共建基于区块链技术的多层供应链金融体系,加强科技化监管,实现区块链"多方+监管"格局,打造标准化供应链金融服务平台,构建通证生态,以区块链技术助力普惠金融有效实施。     

我国商业银行供应链应收账款质押融资研究

近年来,随着科技金融的深入应用,供应链金融迎来了新的发展契机,并伴随大数据、人工智能、区块链等新兴技术的进步而不断延伸。应收账款融资成为我国供应链金融的主要融资模式之一,有效缓解了中小微企业融资难、融资贵问题,但在发展及普及中,同样面临着现实困境。本文从我国供应链应收账款业务应用广泛的质押融资模式入手,结合我国商业银行供应链金融业务发展现状,通过对商业银行供应链应收账款质押融资模式进行SWOT分析,有针对性地提出纾解中小微企业应收账款质押融资发展难点的建议与对策。     

供应链金融视角下中小微企业融资发展路径研究——以广西为例

如何在新发展格局中发挥供应链金融的作用,为中小微企业这一市场生力军群体提供金融创新服务,增强中小微企业市场竞争力和发展潜力已成为重要的研究问题。为充分发挥供应链金融优势助力中小微企业发展,文章以广西为例,通过对供应链金融基本融资模式以及助力中小微企业发展逻辑机理进行研究,深入分析广西供应链金融助力中小微企业融资发展的困难和问题,并构建供应链金融发展路径,从而以新发展理念引领,提出重构供应链金融助力中小微企业发展新生态、实现数字化赋能、更好地服务中小微企业融资等政策建议。     

基于区块链技术的供应链融资服务平台构建研究

当前,供应链融资服务已成为区块链技术应用的重要场景之一,为了充分发挥区块链技术对供应链金融发展的推动作用。本文先对该领域金融的发展及区块链在金融领域的应用进行追溯,并在此基础上从我国供应链上下游企业融资方式的选择入手,找出其融资运作的共性问题。然后对"区块链+供应链金融"应用及存在的问题进行匹配性分析,并对区块链技术在供应链中企业融资业务的作用机理进行剖析,据此构建"区块链+供应链"融资平台。最后对"区块链+供应链"融资平台运行潜在的风险提出防控建议。     

“链”金融在小微企业融资中的应用研究——以浙商银行为例

融资难、融资贵问题一直阻碍着小微企业的健康发展。在传统供应链金融中,核心企业的上下游企业跨度大,信息流通的不顺畅和不透明常常导致资金周转效率低下,在疫情的影响下,政策扶持效果不明显,但是基于区块链技术的供应链金融新模式却通过大数据有效连接了供应链上的每个环节,能更有效地解决小微企业的痛点。本文首先探讨区块链和供应链双链融合的运作机制、相较于传统供应链的优势及分别对于核心企业、产业链上下游、银行三方面的应用价值,接着主要着眼于研究分析浙商银行应收款链平台的案例进一步剖析双链融合机制的解决力,最后给出双链融合在小微企业融资中的应用建议。     

邢台市供应链金融发展现状调查及对策

大力发展供应链金融是加快构建新发展格局,推动地区经济高质量发展的重要抓手。受新冠疫情影响,各行各业的发展都受到了一定制约,很多中小微企业出现了资金链紧张、库存增加、账期延长等问题,供应链金融是当前形势下解决中小微企业融资问题的重要途径。因此,探析供应链金融的当前形势、发展现状、存在的问题以及如何更好地支持供应链金融发展具有重要的现实意义。     

区块链技术在供应链金融风险管理中的应用研究

随着金融科技的快速发展,依托互联网技术的供应链金融逐渐成为解决小微企业融资问题的有效途径。但由于供应链上涉及经济主体众多,存在着信息不真实、透明度低、可追溯性差、业务流程烦琐等问题,在银企双方信息不对称的条件下容易引发各种风险问题,因而一定程度上限制了供应链金融发展的规模。区块链作为金融科技的代表性底层技术,在供应链金融领域具有较好的应用前景。本文基于区块链技术,着重研究如何凭借区块链数据不可篡改、可追溯、智能合约等特点切合供应链金融发展诉求,提高供应链上风险管理质量,以期为供应链风险管理提供借鉴。     

区块链赋能真的有助于纾解小微企业融资困境吗?——基于金融科技创新监管试点的准自然实验

本文将2020年落地的金融科技创新监管试点,作为研究区块链赋能纾解小微企业融资困境的准自然实验,通过收集北京、上海、杭州、苏州四个试点地区2334家小微企业的面板数据,运用倾向得分匹配—双重差分方法,评估区块链赋能小微企业融资的实际效果。结果表明：第一,区块链在提高小微企业融资满足率、降低融资成本、提升融资效率方面具有显著的赋能效应。区块链试点地区小微企业的融资满足率平均增加了17.02个百分点,融资成本平均下降了1.77百分点,融资等待时间平均减少了1.1天。第二,区块链赋能效果在不同试点地区和项目中存在异质性,苏州和上海试点的赋能效果强于北京和杭州,在提高小微企业融资满足率方面的赋能效果强于降低融资成本和提高融资效率。上述研究结论的政策启示：应稳步推进和扩大金融科技创新监管试点,加大区块链前沿技术的研发和应用力度,打造“区块链+”数字征信新体系,推动区块链、产业链与供应链深度融合,实现区块链赋能小微企业融资守正创新。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.