我国产权交易市场中介服务机构信用风险及监管模式研究——兼论安徽产权中介服务机构监管模式的设计

由于我国的产权市场发展时间短,很多制度建设难以达到应有的发展水平,以致产权中介服务机构出现了很多问题,并对产权交易市场造成了一定的风险.安徽省的产权市场目前基本上还处于条块分割状态,对省内中介服务机构还缺乏健全的监管机制,建立一种多层次的监管体系对完善安徽产权市场包括技术产权市场建设、实现安徽经济的跨越式发展将起到极其重要的作用.     

Challenging the conventional approaches to natural resource management/environmental planning in rural development: A regional political ecology analysis of Maputaland

It is argued that despite much research and monitoring of the physical manifestations of land degradation, there is a paucity of work which actually shows the socio‐economic and political interactions between land use, ecosystems and land degradation. In order to cope with the difficult interdisciplinary demands of such a study, regional political ecology (RPE) is suggested as an alternative conceptual framework. A particular methodology from this framework, namely ‘the chains of explanation’, is described using the Maputaland region as an example. Common property resources are discussed, as are factors likely to lead to the weakening of local institutions and natural resource management (NRM). The importance of using indigenous technical knowledge and participatory research such as farming systems research (FSR) as the building blocks for developing NRM policy is emphasized. However local initiatives need the support and space to operate that only regional and national institutions can provide.     

日本产学研合作的体制、政策及其对我国的启示

日本产学研合作的体制是由共同研究中心、大学知识财产本部、技术转移组织和产学官合作协调员等组成的,产学研合作相关政策的快速发展和完善始于1995年,之后出台了不少重要的政策,而具体对策则是通过实施各种特定事业的形式来进行的,如对研究开发的支援和对研究成果管理、宣传及推广的支援等。对我国产学研一体化的启示是：在体制方面,有必要设立共同研究中心、知识财产管理部门、技术转让部门等机构;在政策方面,有必要完善相应的法规政策,构建各种平台,开展各种形式的专项事业,积极探索产学研合作的新形式。     

非经营性资产转向经营性资产的管理

行政事业单位国有资产的所有权属于国家,占有权和使用权属于行政事业单位,维护国有资产的安全、完整,保障国有资产不受侵犯,制止国有资产的流失,必须探索"非转经"资产管理模式,走出一条规范管理的路子。在明晰产权关系的前提下,建立以产权管理为纽带的行政事业单位国有资产管理体系,建立起规范的闲置资产调剂机制,加快资产的合理流动,一方面可以解决行政事业单位资产配置的燃眉之急,另一方面也可以为资产原拥有单位换来一些经济上的收益,同时可减少国有资产的流失和浪费,充分利用好资产使用期限内的使用效能。     

中国的反腐败：高薪养廉、加强执法还是制度反腐?

经济学理论中治理腐败常用的措施有三个：加强执法、提高公务人员工资和完善市场制度。相对于前两种措施,完善以限制政府对市场干预为核心的市场制度效果是更明显的。完善市场制度治理腐败有更少的副作用,是自我维持的、有较强持续性。用中国2001年至2010年各省份的面板数据证明了以上的理论推导,发现相对于工资和加强执法,市场制度变量的回归系数更显著,同时具有很强的稳健性。     

Sweet equality: Sugar,property rights,and land distribution in colonial Java

This article exploits a unique district-level dataset to investigate the relationship between sugar cultivation, property rights systems and land distribution in colonial Java around the turn of the twentieth century. We demonstrate a negative and statistically significant relationship between sugar cultivation and the landholder Gini. An IV strategy, employing a newly computed index of sugar suitability as instrument, suggests that this effect is causal. It is argued that sugar production in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries stimulated the expansion and persistence of communal landholding. This communal landholding consequently led to more equally distributed plots among landholders in the early twentieth century. We emphasize the importance of local property rights institutions in mitigating the effects of export production on socioeconomic outcomes.     

Multinationals,Institutions and Economic Growth in China

This study examines the effects of multinationals and economic institutions on the economic growth of cities in China. Consistent with previous findings, the empirical results suggest that property rights institutions are significantly more important than contracting institutions in promoting economic growth. The direct effect of multinationals on economic growth is generally insignificant statistically. However, a statistically significant and robust interaction effect exists between property rights institutions and multinationals on economic growth, whereas no such effect is observed between contracting institutions and multinationals. The results are attributable to the fact that multinationals can rely on reputation or personal connections to enforce contracts when contracting institutions are weak. However, it is difficult for multinationals to operate when the state expropriates their profits (i.e. property rights institutions are weak).     

草地资源管理的公平性与管理者行为

牧区和农区的最大区别是放牧情况下维护产权排他性的成本较高,常常是普通牧民力所不及的重任。现阶段草原家庭承包制忽视了这一点,导致给贫困牧民,特别是给无畜户提供的收益机会不平等。忽视草原承包中存在的缺陷,却采取草畜平衡管理、禁牧等措施,是违背经济规律的,提高了牧户生产成本,而且导致了寻租行为,容易造成新的不公平。因此保障贫困农牧民收益的机会公平和维护利用草地资源的权利是草原管理体系改革中必须重视的根本原则。     

论我国农村土地产权制度改革

目前,解决我国农村土地制度与现实经济形势的矛盾是促进农村经济发展的当务之急。为此,以不同结构的产权本身并无优劣高下之分、其优化或变迁的原则与路径却存在着最优为逻辑起点,在改革三十年间中国农村土地制度调整的政策及其给农民带来的收益变化这两类基本事实基础上,我们检验了我国农村土地制度的产权结构,得出如下结论:现阶段我国农村土地制度的产权结构需要优化而非变迁,对其进行优化的重点应该是农地的使用权,优化使用权的主要方式是土地承包经营权的流转。     

自主产权、物品产权和知识产权背景的制度效能

产权制度构成一切制度体系的根本支撑,其他制度均由产权所内生。产权制度的基本效能是激励、惩罚和预期,完整有效的产权束由所有权、使用权、处置权、交易权和收益权所有机构成。一切发展的核心是人的主体发展,其实质是主体自由权利有效而持续的扩展,劳动力自主产权由此成为产权制度的核心构件。劳动力自主产权或主体自由度决定了人的解放和发展程度,从而成为解释国家发展差异的根本解释变量,对一切发展而言,劳动力自主产权具有核心价值和基础意义。     

Common Institutional Ownership and Earnings Management*

This study examines the relation between earnings management and block ownership of same‐industry peer firms by a common set of institutional investors (common institutional ownership). This relation is important given the tremendous growth of common institutional ownership and the significant influence of blockholders on financial reporting. We hypothesize that common institutional ownership mitigates earnings management by enhancing institutions' monitoring efficiency and by encouraging institutions to internalize the negative externality of a firm's earnings management on peer firms' investments. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that higher common institutional ownership is related to less earnings management. Analyses of a quasi‐natural experiment based on financial institution mergers show that this negative relation is unlikely to be driven by the endogeneity of common institutional ownership. Cross‐sectional tests provide evidence that the negative relation is stronger among firms for which common institutional ownership is likely to generate a greater reduction in institutions' information acquisition and processing costs, and among firms whose severe financial misstatements are more likely to distort co‐owned peer firms' investments, supporting both mechanisms underlying our hypothesis. Our findings inform the ongoing debate on the costs and benefits of common institutional ownership by highlighting an important benefit: the enhanced monitoring of financial reporting.     

高等学校成本核算模式探析

从财务资料上反映高等学校办学成本 ,提高办学效益 ,明晰产权关系 ,是新阶段高等学校财务管理工作的主题。这一主题对我国高等学校会计核算提出了新的要求 ,即要开展成本核算工作 ,建立能适应高等学校体制改革要求的成本核算模式。本文拟就高等学校成本核算的方法进行一些探索     

Beyond privatization: Institutional innovation and growth in China's large state-owned enterprises

This article demonstrates that China's large state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are not stagnant fossils waiting to die. Under economic reform policies this sector has undergone large change due to enhanced enterprise autonomy, the impact of market forces, rapid growth of domestic demand for upstream products, strategic integration with the world economy and the state's policy to promote large businesses. China's large SOEs are developing new institutional forms that do not neatly fit into existing patterns. China is experimentally changing its institutions through a combination of central policy, local initiative and interaction with international investment. This presents a challenge to the “transitional orthodoxy” and to ideas concerning property rights in development economics. There is not a universal model of property rights and government action that works best in all circumstances. China's experience with the reform of large SOEs shows the diverse possibilities for effective industrial institutions.     

国防科研院所知识产权管理现状及发展对策

随着科技的迅猛发展,创新层出不穷,以知识产权为代表的无形资产在单位发展中的作用越来越重要,国防科研单位是无形资产的重要“产地”,完善提升国防科研院所无形资产的管理能力和水平对巩固国防、推动经济发展有十分重要意义.本文分析了国防科研院所知识产权现状、存在的问题,并对科研院所如何对技术秘密、专利、商标、品牌等知识产权进行有效管理提供了指导和建议.     

知识产权质押融资研究热点与演进趋势——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

知识产权质押融资有利于缓解科技型中小企业融资难题,推动我国产业升级和自主创新发展。本文利用知识图谱分析工具——Citespace分析国外知识产权质押融资的研究趋势、主要研究机构、研究热点、知识基础,探寻其研究前沿。经研究发现该领域研究经过漫长的发展后,进入到快速发展阶段;研究机构主要以美国大学为主,并且他们之间开展了广泛的合作;研究热点主要集中于企业的技术创新、财务、价值观、综合社会影响力,融资的途径,电子商务;研究前沿联系紧密相互交叉,主要集中于企业创新、社会责任、学术创业、生物技术大学专利联盟、知识产权业务管理、技术转让策略、股权集资、投资。     

The effects of communal land resource management on forest conservation in northern and north-eastern Namibia

The area under natural forests has diminished steadily while deforestation has escalated progressively in the past 10 years. Strategic constraints leading to this ever-increasing rate of forest depletion are examined, and relevant policy interventions for overturning them are suggested. Communal ownership and management of natural resources in the northern and north-eastern Namibia are identified as a major underlying constraint on natural resource conservation because the communal system lacks mechanisms for regulating access. Nonetheless, the study acknowledges the optimistic views on communal use and management in other parts of the world. The assumptions about community, the willingness of its members to realise joint environmental or social goals, and their motivation and skills for natural resource management have been challenged. The perception that communities are custodial and non-materialistic in their attitudes to natural resources is rejected. It is concluded that common resources should be brought under more formal management. There should be a state-community/private partnership, with the state performing an advisory function, and implementation at the highest level through the use of state institutions for law enforcement, while the community or the private interest undertakes day-to-day management and law enforcement activities. Maintaining state ownership of natural resources in communal areas and inviting local people to manage them on their own, or mainly on government terms, is not a solution to natural resource degradation.     

合并高校财务管理改革探析

我国高等教育快速发展,合并使得高校规模快速扩张,拥有资源迅速增加,加强财务管理,建立适合合并后高校特点的财务管理体制和运行机制十分重要。安徽行政学院（安徽经济管理干部学院）在学院合并中推行一系列财务改革措施,整合了学院资源,提高了办学效益,文章以该院合并后的财务改革实践为例加以分析并提出建议。     

国有林权制度改革的主体冲突及其化解

国有林区三林问题的基本特征是林业资源枯竭、林区经济危困和林工生活艰难,其根源于林业忽视生态效益、林场利益机制不顺、林工存在制度性依赖。国有林权制度改革面临林业资源属性约束和国有林区体制约束。在国有林权制度改革中,政策设计者须明晰中央政府、地方政府、林业管理部门、林区和林工等不同利益主体之间利益诉求和利益实现约束的差异。     

国外国有资产监督模式的比较和借鉴

在分析了西方一些主要国家的国有资产监督管理模式之后,本文的研究发现,各国的国有资产监督管理体制各有不同,有的还存在很大差异。各国大都是按照自己国家社会政治、经济、文化以及其他各方面的实际情况来制定各自的国有资产监督管理体制。因此,照搬照抄任何一个国家的模式都是不可取的。我国国有资产监督管理体制的建立和改革也应该根据我国的实际国情,吸取和借鉴其他国家在国有资产监督管理模式上的成功经验,选择适合我国国有资产保值增值、健康发展的有效监督模式,从而提高我国国有资产监督的整体效率。     

论中小企业科学管理的运行机制

中小企业为我国的经济建设做出巨大贡献,但同时自身管理上存在的一些问题,制约着中小企业做大、做强。本文用系统学的观点,考察中小企业的管理系统,提出中小企业科学管理系统运行模式,以期提高中小企业管理的整体效能。