国有商业银行的现状、问题及对策

一、商业银行的现状1.盈利能力方面和不良资产方面我国商业银行的盈利与外国银行相比存在较大差距。首先,国有独资商业银行的资本收益率普遍很低,只有5%左右,而且呈逐渐下降趋势,而同期英国银行业的平均资本收益率高达26%,美国为20%,新加坡为15%,我国股份制商业银行的盈利能力相对较强,但2000年进入世界1000家大银行的五家股份制商业银行的平均资本收益率也只有11%,与国外银行同样存在较大的差距。不良资产质量方面,截至2004年6月,国有商业银行不良贷款余额为1.52万亿元,比年初减少4014亿元;不良贷款比率为15.59%,比年初下降4.28%。截至2003…     

国有商业银行改革的逻辑起点：经济型公司治理机制的构建

一.国有商业银行困境的体制性探析我国国有独资商业银行的资本收益率普遍很低,只有5％左右,而且还有下降的趋势,而外资银行的资本收益率均在20％以上。国有独资商业银行资产收益率还不到1％,远低于国外商业银行。反映出国有独资商业银行盈利能力较差,市场竞争能力很弱。相比之下,我国股份制商业银行的盈利能力要强得多,2000年度我国5家进入世界1000个大的股份制商业银行平均资本利润率为111.14％,但平均资产收益率不高,只有0.62％。股份制商业银行的盈利能力较强原因在于其建立了比较规范的现代商业银行体制,产权结构比较完善,市场运作比较规范。     

中国银行业的市场结构与银行绩效关系研究——基于33家商业银行面板数据的实证检验

以33家商业银行1997—2004年的数据为研究对象,以赫芬达尔指数作为衡量市场结构指标,本文对中国银行业市场结构与银行绩效关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,市场集中度降低对四大国有商业银行盈利能力没有产生显著性影响,但削弱了其他股份制商业银行和城市商业银行的盈利能力。市场集中度与所有银行净利息边际存在显著的负相关关系,不能跨地域经营的城市商业银行净利息边际显著低于其他商业银行。因此应该适度放开城市商业银行经营的地城限制。并防止过度竞争。     

基于BCC模型的我国上市商业银行中间业务效率实证研究

文章以2016年中国25家上市商业银行为研究对象,将这25家商业银行划分成五大国有商业银行、综合性股份制商业银行和城市股份制商业银行三类,运用数据包络分析法(DEA)下规模可变的BCC模型测算出2016年各银行中间业务效率值,并进行横向技术效率,纯技术效率以及规模效率比较分析。实证结果表明,综合性股份制商业银行的中间业务总体效率最高,其次为五大国有商业银行,最后为城市股份制商业银行。这是因为在这三类银行中,综合性股份制商业银行的规模效率最大,纯技术效率次之;尽管五大国有商业银行的纯技术效率最高,但其规模效率值小,最终导致其中间业务效率低于综合性股份制商业银行。     

外资银行进入对我国商业银行效率影响的实证研究

本文使用国内5家国有商业银行和主要的8家股份制商业银行一年的利息收入率、非利息收入率、营业费用率和税前利润率的截面数据，从实证的角度对外资银行进入对我国国有和股份制商业银行效率的影响进行分析。得出我国股份制商业银行成为外资银行进入后主要受冲击的对象，而国有商业银行所受影响并不显著的结论。     

上市银行盈利能力分析

自我国加入世贸组织后,我国银行业面临着来自外资银行的强有力的竞争。通过对我国上市的股份制银行的在2005-2009年的盈利能力的指标进行趋势分析和因素分析,找出我国股份制商业银行目前在盈利状况和盈利能力方面存在的优势和劣势。并对比国有上市商业银行、股份制上市商业银行和城市上市商业银行在盈利方面的指标,找出目前我国各类上市商业银行还存在的差距。     

我国上市银行利润增长的影响因素研究——基于面板数据模型分位数回归方法

本文基于2003年至2010年中国商业银行的面板数据,通过面板数据模型分位数回归来研究中国商业银行的规模、非利息收入结构、贷款质量等因素对于商业银行利润增长的影响作用。我们发现,伴随着中国商业银行利润的增长,银行员工与固定资产的利润贡献率出呈现出倒U型的形状。相比国有商业银行,股份制商业银行的员工对银行利润贡献率明显降低。从目前来看,银行非利息收入比对银行利润的推动作用需要进一步的提高,中国商业银行特别是股份制商业银行在发展过程中不应忽视对贷款质量的管理与控制。     

国内商业银行综合竞争力的因子分析——以国内16家商业银行为例

通过设定合理的评价指标体系,运用因子分析对国内16家国有银行、股份制银行和城市商业银行2007年各项竞争力指标数据进行定量分析,研究发现反映商业商业银行竞争力的盈利能力、安全性指标与商业银行的资产规模成反比,商业银行的发展潜力与商业银行的规模成正比。     

中资商业银行竞争力实证研究——以国内14家商业银行为例

随着金融市场的全面开放,银行业的竞争也日趋激烈,如何综合评价和提升中资商业银行的竞争力显得尤为重要。基于建立合理的竞争力评价指标体系,运用因子分析法对14家中资商业银行2009年各项竞争力指标数据进行定量分析,发现国有商业银行在规模实力、盈利能力、风险控制力和创新能力方面处于优势;股份制商业银行在资产质量和流动性方面处于优势,并指出提升各银行竞争力的对策建议。     

我国商业银行效率评估及其影响因素

银行效率是衡量银行市场竞争力、投入产出能力的重要指标,效率分析是评价银行业绩的有效方法.采用随机前沿分析法测度我国9家商业银行1998年-2001年的技术效率,结果显示,国有商业银行的技术效率普遍低于非国有商业银行,原因是国有商业银行产权关系不明晰、中间业务发展滞后等.     

Comparison of Bank Profitability in China and the USA

This paper examines and compares the profitability of banks in the USA and China. The USA has the largest market‐based banking system and the financial system of China is still bank‐based. Our analysis indicates that in terms of profitability, banks in China outperformed those in the USA during our study period (2008–2014). Real estate loans had an adverse effect on US bank profitability during the financial crisis and no effect after the crisis but consistently improved the profitability of Chinese banks. Interest margins have no effect on US bank profitability but a consistently positive effect on Chinese banks, confirming that China is a traditional bank‐based economy. Interbank loans have a positive and significant effect on Chinese bank profitability, while interbank domestic loans have a negative effect on US bank profitability. Finally, size had a positive effect on US banks after the financial crisis period, confirming the scale economies of large US banks, but a negative effect on Chinese banks, indicating diseconomies of scale.     

Cost and profit efficiency of Chinese banks: A non-parametric analysis

Using a non-parametric technique for data from 1995 to 2004, we investigate the cost and profit efficiency of 28 Chinese commercial banks. We examine the influence of ownership type, size, risk profile, profitability and key environmental changes on the bank efficiency using a Tobit regression. Consistent with the existing literature, we find that profit efficiency levels are well below those of cost efficiency. This suggests that the most important inefficiencies are on the revenue side. Our findings are also consistent with prior evidence on ownership and efficiency: joint-stock banks (national and city-based), on average, appear to be more cost- and profit-efficient than state-owned banks while medium-sized banks are significantly more efficient than small and large banks. These and other results suggest the need for speedier reforms to open the banking market, improving risk management, minimizing the government's capital subsidy and diversifying ownership of Chinese banks.     

Black-owned commercial banks: A new look at their performance and management

Summary This research has explored management and financial characteristics within mature black banks over the period of 1978–81. In general, although loan loss management remains a key variable in successful financial performance, other variables often argued to explain profitability differences between black and nonminority banks were not so helpful in explaining profit variation among black banks. It appears that a new model of successful black banking must be developed.     

THE TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY EFFECTS OF TURKISH BANKS AFTER FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION

The banking sector in Turkey has grown significantly over the last two decades of financial liberalization. One of the aims of the financial liberalization was to improve efficiency through restructuring programs including the privatization of state banks and the encouragement of mergers. In this paper we identify key factors determining the technical efficiency differentials among Turkish commercial banks in the pre‐ and post‐liberalization periods, using the technical inefficiency effects model. We found that loan quality, size, ownership of the banks, and profitability have a positive and significant impact on the technical efficiencies of banks. The results warrant implementation of effective regulatory measures to improve the quality of the earning assets of commercial banks. Furthermore, steps by the government to encourage acquisitions or mergers for private banks and the privatization of state‐owned banks seem to be consistent in improving the overall efficiency of commercial banking in Turkey.     

Responding to financial crisis: Bank credit expansion with Chinese characteristics

China has sustained a high rate of economic growth even after the outbreak of global financial crisis around 2008 and 2009. Much of the growth stemmed from consistently high levels of lending after this period. Using a unique large dataset from all banking institutions in 90 counties across 14 provinces of China from 2005 to 2013, this paper examines the patterns of credit expansion by Chinese banks. Our study results reveal a clear pattern of counter-cyclical credit expansion by Chinese banks in response to the outbreak of global financial crisis. We find that ownership structure and bank governance do impact on bank lending: the large state-owned banks have responded more to political pressure to lend while the joint-stock banks and city commercial banks have been more profit oriented. The latter had increased their lending more to increase their presence at the county markets. Overall, compared with county-based small banks, cross-regional banks have expanded their lending much more aggressively. Differences in liquidity and deposit growth, risk management strategies, or legal enforcement cannot explain these results.     

中国上市银行流动性风险综合评价研究——基于因子分析法的应用

文章从流动性储备、负债稳定性、期限结构错配程度、资本充足性、市场利率风险和盈利性六个维度选择12个流动性风险评价指标,基于因子分析法对中国上市银行2012年底的流动性风险进行综合评价。实证结论显示:同业负债成为新的银行流动性风险诱因;中长期贷款占比的下降有助于改善资产负债期限错配,降低流动性风险。现行的流动性风险监管指标难以全面反映银行流动性风险的实情,建议增加"同业负债比例"和"流动负债依存度"两个指标。     

Identifying Financial Distress Indicators of Selected Banks in Asia

The banking sector plays a pivotal role in the economic development of most Asian countries. In 1997, a full-fledged banking and financial crisis took place in South Asian countries. Many banks had to be bailed out by their governments. It is believed that an examination of indicators that led to the problems suffered by banks in this region will be of enormous benefit. Models were developed for each country that identified banks experiencing financial distress as a function of financial ratios. The countries in the study include Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand. The banking sectors of these three countries are ideal for this study, as the banks enjoyed profitability during the pre-crisis period and were the most severely affected by the financial crisis in 1997. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data sample from 1995 to 1997. In the findings, capital adequacy, loan management and operating efficiency are three common performance dimensions found to be able to identify problem banks in all three countries. It is hoped that the financial ratios and results of the models will be useful to bankers and regulators in identifying problem banks in Asia.     

Regional financial technology and shadow banking activities of non-financial firms: Evidence from China

Financial technology has greatly revolutionized the finance industry. However, the impact of financial technology on the shadow banking activities of non-financial firms has not been examined. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2011 to 2018, we find that regional financial technology is positively associated with the shadow banking activities of non-financial firms, which is more pronounced for firms with low profitability and firms listed only in China’s A-share market. We show that financial technology can enhance the shadow banking activities by alleviating financing constraints. In addition, an increase in the equalization of profit rate and an increase in investment in the real economy reduce the positive effect of financial technology on the shadow banking activities. Further analysis suggests that financial regulations can attenuate excessive shadow banking activities of non-financial firms driven by financial technology.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of China's financial reform—The efficiency of China's domestic banks

This paper estimates the cost and profit efficiency of the Chinese domestic banking sector to evaluate the effectiveness of China's financial reforms since 1978. We use the performance of foreign banks as the benchmark because foreign banks, subject to intensive worldwide competition, are perceived as possessing superior governing structure and organization, more advanced technologies and better trained labor force. On the other hand, competition in China's banking sector is mainly in the form of nonprice measures, thus putting foreign banks at a disadvantage. We find domestic banks have gradually caught up the cost advantage of foreign banks in a manner consistent with the increased competitive pressure. On the other hand, the profit advantage of domestic banks over foreign banks is widening because of institutional arrangements, cultural and social networks as well as the profit scope and revenue scale economy.