昆明室内空气污染与防治措施

当今世界人们越来越关注室内的污染,本文介绍了影响室内空气品质的主要化学污染物的种类、特点、来源及对人的危害,分析了昆明10户居室内有害物质的随机抽样检测结果,并就室内环境污染问题提出相应的防治措施。     

暖通空调系统部件对室内空气品质状况分析

本文根据国内外在改善室内空气品质方面已进行的研究和分析进展，在提出空调环境下室内空气品质与暖通空调系统有着密切关系的同时．强调了暖通空调系统中各个部件的设计、制造、安装及运行维护对室内空气污染的形成与控制的主要影响，结合室内空气品质评价对改善暖通空调系统部件性能进行了初步分析。     

人防工程内部空气品质恶化的原因及对策

本文分析了人防工程中地下商场内空气品质恶化的主要原因，并根据这些原因，阐述了解决室内空气品质恶化的技术措施及对策。     

绿化与建筑节能

对建筑物所处环境及建筑物本身进行绿化可降低建筑物周围微环境的温度、提高空气相对湿度,改善空气品质,降低噪音危害,从而延长建筑物通过自然通风降温的时间,改善室内空气品质,降低建筑物能耗,减轻"城市热岛效应".     

浅谈建筑节能技术措施及节能途径

中国建筑节能技术正娃在发展的初期,建筑能耗很高,能源利用率还很低,随着建筑业的发展和人民生活质量的改善,研究建筑节能与改善室内空气品质尤为重要.     

自然通风在建筑设计中的运用

自然通风是一种具有很大潜力的通风方式,是人类历史上长期赖以调节室内环境的原始手段.如今迫于节约能源、保持良好的室内空气品质的双重压力下,全球的科学家不得不重新审视自然通风这一传统技术.     

建筑节能的优化策略

以室内空气品质、建筑节能和生态环境平衡发展为背景，论述了协调舒适与节能、能源利用与环境保护的技术发展原则，概括地介绍了围护结构、空调新能源、节能空调设备与系统等多种建筑节参的优化方法。     

浅谈空调风系统的安装质量控制与应注意的问题

随着人民生活水平提高,室内空气品质越来越受到人们的重视,空调作为调节空气质量的主要电器越来越受到人们的青昧.然而,空调系统安装质量的好坏,直接影响到空调使用的效果.因此,对空调工程施工问题进行研究很有必要.     

浅谈中央空调系统的节能措施

随着城镇居民生活水平的提高和住房面积的改善,人们的居住观点从单一注重居住的实用性、功能性等低水平要求向注重舒适性、室内空气品质等高层次需求转变。因而户式中央空调得到迅速的发展、本文就中央空调系统节能措施做进一步的探讨,供同行参考。     

中央空调系统的节能措施探讨

随着城镇居民生活水平的提高和住房面积的改善,人们的居住观点从单一注重居住的实用性、功能性等低水平要求向注重舒适性、室内空气品质等高层次需求转变。因而户式中央空调得到迅速的发展。本文就中央空调系统节能措施做进一步的探讨,供同行参考。     

CLEAN INDOOR AIR LAWS AND THE DEMAND FOR CIGARETTES

This paper empirically tests the effect of clean indoor air laws on smoking. Public place clean indoor air laws restrict cigarette smoking in public places such as restaurants. Private place clean air laws regulate smoking in private work places as well as in public places. This study uses a time series of cross sections of the 50 states of the United States and Washington, D.C., from 1975 through 1985, to estimate single equation and simultaneous equation models of cigarette demand. The single equation results indicate that both the public place law and the private work place law have a negative effect on cigarette demand. However, a test for endogeneity shows that the enactment of clean indoor air laws is a function of cigarette demand. Results from a simultaneous equations model indicate that the public place law has a significant negative impact on cigarette demand, while the work place law has no effect on cigarette demand. Although these results demonstrate that only states with low levels of smoking have passed work place clean air laws, the results do not imply that the level of smoking would not decrease if such a law were imposed in all states.     

Investments in worker health and production: Evidence from Vietnam

In manufacturing industries, occupational health and safety measures ensure better working conditions for employees, which may influence their productivity. We study the impact of investments undertaken by small and medium enterprises in Vietnam in mitigating indoor pollution (including air quality improvements, heat and noise protection as well as lighting) on firm-level gross output and value added. We find that the amount invested by the firm in health has a significant positive effect on both outcomes. Given historically poor working conditions in Vietnam, policy implications relate to incentivizing and enabling firms to undertake such investments, on both moral and economic grounds.     

我国农村居民室内环境污染的现状、成因及对策——来自对皖中和赣中17个自然村的调查

本文以皖中和赣中的17个自然村为个案,对农村室内环境污染的现状和农民室内环境保护意识进行了实地调查,对农村室内环境污染的成因进行了分析,指出农村室内环境污染问题成为影响农民健康和生活质量的重要因素,并提出防治农村室内环境污染的对策。     

Cooling China： The Weather Dependence of Air Conditioner Adoption

One of the major adaptation mechanisms to climate change is increased demand for cooling via the air conditioning of indoor environments. China＇s demand for air conditioners has displayed explosive growth since 1995. This paper provides estimates of the income and short run weather sensitivity of air conditioner adoption across urban areas for 29 Chinese provincial entities. We show that the adoption decision displays significant income and weather sensitivity in the short run, with adoption being higher the year following a hot summer.     

室内甲醛污染分析及控制措施

甲醛是家庭室内装修后存在的主要污染物。本文对昆明市室内外甲醛浓度进行了随机调查,并以此为基础就甲醛导致的室内污染的特点、来源及其对人体的危害进行了分析。为有效防治居室环境污染,改善居室环境质量,保护人体健康,提出了切实有效的防治对策。     

THE IMPACT OF PRICES AND CONTROL POLICIES ON CIGARETTE SMOKING AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Smoking among youths and young adults rose throughout the 1990s. Numerous policies were enacted to try to reverse this trend. However, little is known about the impact these policies have on the smoking behavior of young adults. This article uses a dichotomous indicator of daily smoking participation in the past 30 days, an ordered measure representing the frequency of cigarette consumption, and a quasi-continuous measure of the number of cigarettes smoked per day on average to examine the impact of cigarette prices, clean indoor air laws, and campus-level smoking policies on the smoking behaviors of a 1997 cross section of college students. The results of the analysis indicate that higher cigarette prices are associated with lower smoking participation and lower levels of use among college student smokers. Local- and state-level clean indoor air restrictions have a cumulative impact on the level of smoking by current smokers. Complete smoking bans on college campuses are associated with lower levels of smoking among current smokers but have no significant impact on smoking participation. Bans on cigarette advertising on campus as well as bans on the sale of cigarettes on campus have no significant effect on the smoking behavior of college students.     

基于ESDA的太湖流域空气质量时空异质性分析

以长三角核心区域——太湖流域对研究对象,对其2014—2018年空气质量进行了时空异质性分析,并利用相关性分析探索了太湖流域空气质量驱动机制。结果表明:(1)太湖流域空气质量的总体空间差异较小,流域东部沿海沿江地区以及西南部山林区域的空气质量普遍较好。上海、嘉兴两市空气质量相对较好,无锡、镇江两市则较差,局部聚集性尚不明显;(2)自然生态空间、污染治理技术及协同治理对策可使城市在经济社会发展的同时实现空气质量的稳步改善。最后结合流域实际针对性提出了相适应的对策建议。     

Health returns to modern heating: evidence from China

This study analyses the health effects of modern heating, using China’s centralized home heating infrastructure as a natural experiment. The underlying health mechanism is that the recipients of modern heating do not need to rely on traditional fuels to heat their homes and thus suffer from less exposure to indoor air pollution. Furthermore, the improved quality of heating leads to health improvements. This article exploits spatial and time variation in the implementation of China’s centralized heating program, utilizing a difference-in-difference framework. Spatial variation takes the form of a discrete geographical cut-off between regions that receive centralized home heating and those that do not. Results show that areas with centralized heating have a 0.13% decrease in perinatal deaths and a decrease of 1.17% in the proportion of low-birth-weight infants. This translates into about 7000 fewer deaths and about 60,000 fewer low-birth-weight infants each year. Hence, there are enormous health benefits to the public provision of modern heat as a substitute for traditional heating methods, which are shown to be injurious to early-life health. These results strongly suggest that policymakers in developing countries should consider promoting cleaner heating methods.     

国家生态文明建设与空气质量改善——来自合成控制法与DID的双重验证

生态兴则文明兴,生态环境关系着生态文明体系的构建。2014年,我国设立第一批生态文明先行示范区,为生态文明建设在环境质量方面的成果评价提供了准自然实验环境。为了评价我国生态文明建设在空气质量改善方面的绩效,将江西、福建、贵州、云南和青海这5个省级生态文明先行示范区设定为处理组,运用合成控制法和DID模型对空气质量改善状况进行双重检验。结果表明:整体上,生态文明先行示范区建设对空气质量改善具有显著的效果;江西、贵州和云南的生态文明先行示范区建设均表现出对环境质量的改善作用,其中江西生态文明建设对空气质量改善成效尤为显著。因此,我国设立生态文明先行示范区对于空气质量改善具有显著效应,这对今后国家生态文明试验区建设尤其是在社会经济、资源环境等方面的协调发展具有重要的参考价值。     

The Value of Clean Air in China： Evidence from Beijing and Shanghai

We estimate the willingness to pay （WTP） of Beijing and Shanghai residents for improving the air quality of the two cities from their levels prior to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games to the level achieved during the Olympics. The data are obtained from a contingent valuation study conducted through face-to-face interviews in June 2008 in Beijing and Shanghai prior to the Beijing Olympics, during which time there was intensive debate about Beijing＇s air quality. Residents in both cities are willing to pay more when they are more exposed to air pollution, when their disposable income increases, and when they have stronger beliefs that public opinion plays an important role in government policy making. Beijing residents are willing to pay more than Shanghai residents, due possibly to Beijing＇s poorer air quality. Overall, aggregate WTP for air quality improvement accounts for about 0.53% of the 2008 GDP in Beijing and 0.22% of the 2008 GDP in Shanghai.