经济虚拟化过程中货币供给、经济增长与通货膨胀关系的发展演变——基于美国和中国数据的对比分析

随着虚拟经济的快速发展,经济虚拟化程度已成为影响货币供给、经济增长与通货膨胀之间关系不容忽视的因素。本文以美国从工业化时期到经济虚拟化时期的纵向演变过程为研究主线,并结合中美横向对比,在充分认识经济虚拟化进程所带来的经济运行变异的基础上,运用VAR模型的脉冲响应函数比较分析了三者之间内在关系的演变。研究结果表明经济虚拟化很好地解释了经济发展过程中货币供应与经济增长、通货膨胀之间所出现的背离现象,虚拟经济与实体经济的互动变得更加密切。另外,与美国相比,中国仍然处于由工业化时期向经济虚拟化时期的转变过程中。     

我国货币供应量与通货膨胀、经济增长周期的关系研究

货币供给量与通货膨胀、经济增长周期之间的关系一直是经济学界关系的热点问题。货币供应量作为国家宏观可控的因素,是调控经济增长．调节物价有效措置之一。本文选取了1979—2010年M0、M1、M2增长率、通货膨胀率、经济增长率为我们研究的理论根据,通过统计方法找到他们之间的内在联系,从而为国家通过控制货币供给量来调控经济增长速度和有效抑制通货膨胀提供理论基础。     

通货膨胀与经济增长的关系

周春生同志的文章《通货膨胀与经济增长的计量研究》(见《金融研究》1991年第1期,以下简称周文),从数量关系的角度对我国近年通货膨胀与经济增长的关系进行了理论和实证分析,这种新的尝试,更有力地否定了通货膨胀对经济增长的刺激作用。本文同意周文对通货膨胀分析的基本结论,但是,周文在分析方法上还有值得商榷的地方,现谈点自己的看法,以求教于理论界同仁。     

外汇储备、经济增长与通货膨胀的关系研究——基于我国1979-2010年宏观经济数据的实证分析

本文分析了我国1979–2010年经济增长周期的特征,实证研究了我国外汇储备、经济增长与通货膨胀之间的关系。研究发现,外汇储备剧增导致基础货币过度投放,是造成我国通货膨胀的原因之一。在此基础上,本文提出了转换经济增长方式、加强货币市场对冲操作、加快人民币汇率市场化和使用新增外汇储备买进特别国债等政策建议。     

基于货币主义的我国通货膨胀成因实证分析

通货膨胀水平与人民生活息息相关,也是政策制定者十分关心的问题。在进行ADF检验、Granger因果关系检验基础上,本文实证分析了货币供给、经济增长以及通货膨胀预期对通货膨胀的影响。研究结果表明：货币供给对通货膨胀有比较显著的影响,且这种影响有一定的滞后;经济增长是通货膨胀的原因,但这种影响并不显著;之前通货膨胀水平对本期通货膨胀具有明显的同向拉动作用。基于研究结论,文章提出政策上的建议。     

经济虚拟化对经济增长和通货膨胀的影响研究

现今社会,宏观经济的发展运行有两个并重的主题,分别是通货膨胀和经济增长。两个主题之间动态相连,与货币政策息息相关。经济虚拟化的不断导致虚拟资产的数额和交易量日益膨胀,严重影响了经济的增长和通货膨胀。所以在新时代、新经济背景下,如何在虚拟经济迅速发展的情况下促进通货膨胀与经济增长的和谐进步已经成为重大课题。本文从虚拟经济的背景出发,根据国内发展现况,为研究经济虚拟化对两大主题的影响提出了些许思路。     

通货膨胀与经济增长关系研究

通货膨胀与经济增长是重要的宏观经济指标,两者在实际经济中表现的关系并非始终是通货膨胀随经济增长而增加、随经济下降而降低。本文针对通货膨胀与经济增长这种不稳定的关系问题,提出了关于中间产品价格的监测机制改革,加强CPI监测水平以及合理控制货币供给量等方面的建议,实现维持居民消费价格指数的平稳的状态下促进经济的持续稳定增长。     

通货膨胀与经济增长的关系研究──稳定治理通胀的政策理论基础

作者在文章中对通货膨胀与经济增长的宏观关系进行了研究，他着重分析了资产组合与信息混淆对通货膨胀与经济增长关系的交织影响；又探讨了通货膨胀与经济增长的数量关系。他的研究结论是在通货膨胀与经济增长之间不存在长期的稳定替代关系；拉下通货膨胀比拉上通货膨胀要困难一些，治理通胀代价比通胀收益要沉重；在治理通胀过程中，特别要注意政策的稳定性、连续性。     

基于VAR模型的山东省通货膨胀与经济增长实证分析

基于通货膨胀与经济增长关系理论,选用1980-2011年山东省经济增长和通货膨胀数据,构建VAR模型,并进行检验.得出结论:山东省经济增长与通货膨胀之间存在格兰杰因果关系,并且经济增长是通货膨胀的格兰杰原因.而且滞后一期的经济增长每增加1％,会引起通货膨胀比率上升0.39％,滞后二期的经济增长每增加1％,通货膨胀比率降低0.02％.     

汇率制度与宏观经济绩效：实证研究综述

该文介绍了几种用来阐述汇率制度与通货膨胀、经济增长之间关系的实证分析模型，这些实证分析模型的研究表明：汇率制度与通货膨胀之呈现十分复杂的关系，不同汇率制度下的通货膨胀水平存在着明显的差异；汇率制度与经济增长之间不存在显著的因果关系，汇率制度对经济增长的作用取决于特定的经济和金融发展水平。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.