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本文从债券违约的数量规模、行业分布、地域分布、企业属性、债券品种及违约率等方面阐述了我国企业债券违约的特征趋势,分析了我国企业债券违约的主要原因及其所呈现出来的融资特点,探讨了我国企业债券违约后的五种处置方式,认为我国债券违约风险处置机制还不完善,缺少独立法律制度、处置的市场化程度较低、投资者保护机制不健全、对发行人缺乏硬性约束,影响了违约债券的整体兑付水平,投资人利益难以得到有效维护。建议采取多种措施降低债券违约发生率、优化发行人融资结构、建立债券违约的市场化处置机制,以降低债券违约风险,推动债券市场健康发展。 相似文献
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This paper derives a two-factor model for the term structure of interest rates that segments the yield curve in a natural
way. The first factor involves modelling a non-negative short rate process that primarily determines the early part of the
yield curve and is obtained as a truncated Gaussian short rate. The second factor mainly influences the later part of the
yield curve via the market index. The market index proxies the growth optimal portfolio (GOP) and is modelled as a squared
Bessel process of dimension four. Although this setup can be applied to any interest rate environment, this study focuses
on the difficult but important case where the short rate stays close to zero for a prolonged period of time. For the proposed
model, an equivalent risk neutral martingale measure is neither possible nor required. Hence we use the benchmark approach
where the GOP is chosen as numeraire. Fair derivative prices are then calculated via conditional expectations under the real
world probability measure. Using this methodology we derive pricing functions for zero coupon bonds and options on zero coupon
bonds. The proposed model naturally generates yield curve shapes commonly observed in the market. More importantly, the model
replicates the key features of the interest rate cap market for economies with low interest rate regimes. In particular, the
implied volatility term structure displays a consistent downward slope from extremely high levels of volatility together with
a distinct negative skew.
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: primary 90A12; secondary 60G30; 62P20
JEL Classification: G10, G13 相似文献
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房地产开发企业违约概率压力测试研究——现金流蒙特卡洛模拟方法在银行中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法,根据现金净额是否为负这一标准来判断房地产开发企业是否违约,在对企业的现金流进行随机模拟的基础上来计算企业的违约概率。压力测试的场景为房价下降,利率上升。压力传导途径为房价与利率变动导致企业销售收入变动,销售收入的改变导致企业的现金流量表发生变化。房价和利率对销售收入的冲击是随机的,企业的现金流也是随机的,本文通过随机模拟估算了企业的现金流为负的频率,以此作为企业违约的概率。压力测试表明,当房价下降幅度到达15%附近时,房地产开发商的违约概率开始急剧上升。 相似文献
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为检验我国货币政策对股票市场的有效性,本文在经典理论的基础上,运用协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、VECM检验方法,对货币政策与股票市场收益率关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明:货币供应量增长率与股票市场收益率呈正相关关系,但长期内影响效果不显著;利率的调整在短期内对股票收益率的影响较为显著,在长期内则表现为平稳,两者关系符合一般金融理论;进一步地,采用虚拟变量回归模型,分析了货币政策环境变化对收益率大小的影响。笔者根据我国的国情,分析这种传导效应的结果,做出了相应的判断,并对如何解决货币政策对股票市场传导中存在的问题提出了自己的看法。 相似文献
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经济资本是加强商业银行内部资本管理和风险管理的重要手段。借助经济资本和其他基于风险的管理工具,金融机构可以对其面临的风险进行量化,计算应对这些风险所需的资本及得出根据实际风险进行调整后的收益。对大多数国内银行而言,经济资本的应用已经落后于其他先进国家,本文试图从新资本协议IRB方法的基本思路入手,提出国内银行业在现有条件下提升经济资本计量水平的解决方案。并提出在目前条件下,为实现有效资本管理的最终目标,要尽快开发关键风险参数的量化模型,加强资本管理IT系统建设以及建立资本计划的制定和实施程序。 相似文献
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中国银行业经济资本管理的实施路径——从巴塞尔新资本协议获得的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
经济资本是加强商业银行内部资本管理和风险管理的重要手段.借助经济资本和其他基于风险的管理工具,金融机构可以对其面临的风险进行量化,计算应对这些风险所需的资本及得出根据实际风险进行调整后的收益.对大多数国内银行而言,经济资本的应用已经落后于其他先进国家,本文试图从新资本协议IRB方法的基本思路入手,提出国内银行业在现有条件下提升经济资本计量水平的解决方案.并提出在目前条件下,为实现有效资本管理的最终目标,要尽快开发关键风险参数的量化模型,加强资本管理IT系统建设以及建立资本计划的制定和实施程序. 相似文献
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José Soares da Fonseca 《European Journal of Finance》2013,19(11):994-1007
This article shows that the equilibrium models of bond pricing do not preclude arbitrage opportunities caused by convexity. Consequently, stochastic durations derived from these models are limited in their ability to act as interest rate risk measures. The research of the present article makes use of an intertemporal utility maximization framework to determine the conditions under which duration is an adequate interest rate risk measure. Additionally, we show that zero coupon bonds satisfy those equilibrium conditions, whereas coupon bonds or bond portfolios do not as a result of the convexity effect. The results are supported by empirical evidence, which confirms the influence of convexity on the deviation of coupon bond returns from equilibrium. 相似文献
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国债收益率曲线预测未来通胀变化的信息价值研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利率期限结构具有预测未来通货膨胀率变化的信息价值,这在国外的大量研究中已得到肯定。本文采用NSS模型估计了我国上海证券交易所的国债收益率曲线,并采用Mishkin模型和扩展的Mishkin模型,实证分析了上交所国债收益率曲线对未来通货膨胀率变化的预测能力,并研究了不同期限的国债收益率与通货膨胀率的关系。结果表明,上交所国债收益率曲线不具有预测未来通货膨胀率变化的信息价值,而且不同期限的国债收益率与当前的通货膨胀率存在很强的正相关,而与未来通货膨胀率的正相关很弱,甚至存在负相关。 相似文献
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基于ARMA模型的银行间质押式回购利率的实证研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
银行间质押式债券回购是目前我国货币市场交易最为活跃、成交金额最大的品种,其利率已经成为货币市场的代表性利率,同时也是我国短期金融产品定价的利率基准之一。本文试图寻找影响银行间债券市场回购利率的重要因素,并通过建立自回归移动平均模型,研究各种宏观经济与金融市场变量对该利率的影响。 相似文献
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Haluk Yener 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2014,2014(6):535-560
In this paper, the optimal investment strategies for minimizing the probability of lifetime ruin under borrowing and short-selling constraints are found. The investment portfolio consists of multiple risky investments and a riskless investment. The investor withdraws money from the portfolio at a constant rate proportional to the portfolio value. In order to find the results, an auxiliary market is constructed, and the techniques of stochastic optimal control are used. Via this method, we show how the application of stochastic optimal control is possible for minimizing the probability of lifetime ruin problem defined under an auxiliary market. 相似文献
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Peter Lchte Jrgensen 《Journal of Banking & Finance》2007,31(12):3698-3719
This paper introduces, prices, and analyzes traffic light options. The traffic light option is an innovative structured OTC derivative developed independently by several London-based investment banks to suit the needs of Danish life and pension (L&P) companies, which must comply with the traffic light solvency stress test system introduced by the Danish Financial Supervisory Authority (DFSA) in June 2001. This monitoring system requires L&P companies to submit regular reports documenting the sensitivity of the companies’ base capital to certain pre-defined market shocks – the red and yellow light scenarios. These stress scenarios entail drops in interest rates as well as in stock prices, and traffic light options are thus designed to pay off and preserve sufficient capital when interest rates and stock prices fall simultaneously. Sweden’s FSA implemented a traffic light system in January 2006, and supervisory authorities in many other European countries have implemented similar regulation. Traffic light options are therefore likely to attract the attention of a wider audience of pension fund managers in the future. Focusing on the valuation of the traffic light option we set up a Black–Scholes/Hull–White model to describe stock market and interest rate dynamics, and analyze the traffic light option in this framework. 相似文献