Knowledge refinement for aircraft design and other processes with long cycle time

This paper is concerned with possible technical processes for collecting and refining knowledge and expertise within the Research and Development and Production and Support functions in the aircraft industry. It is also concerned with processes for facilitating the use of stored knowledge and expertise in providing for example continuity of good practice. Features of humans as processors of information, which will influence the collection and use of relevant knowledge and experience, are considered. The feasibility of 'solving' information processing problems with currently available techniques and hardware and software products is assessed. Indications are given of the kinds of developments that seem to be needed in the context of aircraft design and other activities considered in this paper. Human privacy considerations are identified as a possible problem and are discussed briefly.     

Cooperative strategies for the availability service of repairable aircraft components

This paper specifies cooperative strategies for the availability service of repairable aircraft components and finds out which factors contribute to the emergence of a particular cooperative strategy. The strategies ad hoc cooperation, cooperative pooling and commercial pooling were specified and compared to the alternative of acting alone, i.e. solo strategy. A simulation model based on fair assumptions of the cost structure was constructed and the cooperative strategies were tested in a game theoretic setting both from the viewpoint of total efficiency and from the perspective of each participant. Despite the explicit focus on aircraft components, the findings should be relevant to any industry using a closed-loop maintenance process with repairable spare parts.     

The selection of delphi panels for strategic planning purposes

Despite the popularity of the Delphi technique little scientific literature exists to help guide the strategic planner in its proper application. In an effort to fill part of that void a comparative test was conducted using both intracompany and intercompany Delphi panels to forecast future events in the socio-political environment of business. The intent was to determine whether the two groups produced similar or different forecasts under virtually identical test conditions. Analysis of the data showed similarities in both the forecast estimates and the degree of consensus achieved across groups. Since strong similarities were demonstrated, the intracompany panel type is recommended to strategic planners based on its unique advantages.     

启动水利设计注册工程师制度势在必行

勘察设计注册工程师制度是目前国际上对工程设计人员进行执业资格管理的一种通行作法.美国、英国、加拿大等发达国家已形成了一整套比较完整的工程师执业资格考试、注册和管理制度.我国也已在勘察设计行业建立了注册建筑师和注册结构工程师的个人执业制度.……     

User-oriented design for the optimal combination on product design

This paper presents a new approach of user-oriented design for transforming users’ perception into product elements design. An experimental study on mobile phones is conducted to examine how product form and product color affect product image individually and as a whole. The concept of Kansei Engineering is used to extract the experimental samples as a data base for Quantitative Theory Type I and neural networks (NNs). The result of numerical analysis suggests that mobile phone makers need to provide various product colors to attract users, in addition to product forms. This paper demonstrates the advantage of using NNs for determining the optimal combination of product form and product color, particularly if the product into design elements. Based on the analysis of NNs, we can use 72 representative product colors of each mobile phone to develop a product color data base consisting of 16777216 (=256×256×256, True-Color model) colors with the associated product image. The design data base provides useful insights to save any amount of money and time for the new product development. The product designers can input a product image to work out an adequate color on a mobile phone. Furthermore, the design data base can be used, in conjunction with computer-aided design system or virtual reality technology, to build a 3D model for facilitating the design process of mobile phones. Although, the mobile phones are chosen as the object of the experimental study, this approach can be applied to other products with various design elements.     

飞机燃油系统高空性及其计算

在研究论述飞机燃油系统设计中高空性的基础上,通过分析燃油的饱和蒸汽压的影响因素,给出了燃油饱和蒸汽压的计算公式和燃油的饱和蒸汽压力随温度的变化曲线,并给出了航空煤油能够保证的飞行高度;讨论了燃油系统的汽蚀问题;分带供油泵管路和无供油泵管路2种情况讨论了燃油系统高空性计算流程,并给出了具体的计算公式和图表。     

Functional requirements and design criteria for the design of high hazard containment laboratories

A brief overview of the design process which has been successfully utilized in planning a high hazard containment laboratory.     

Project-based pedagogy for the facilitation of webpage design

Real issues of web design and development include many problem-solving tasks. There are, however, some inadequacies associated with the implementation of appropriate pedagogy for organised and structured instruction that supports the rational problem-solving paradigm. The purpose of this article is to report on a study for the design and implementation of an Instructional Web Design Programme (IWDP) with methodology-specific guidelines in an information systems design context. A second purpose is to discuss the pedagogy developed within the IWDP and its effects on promoting technological problem solving of learners in the project-based classroom. A qualitative, action-research approach was the basis for this study. The sample consisted of 17 learners at an institution of higher education. The researchers used a focus group interview, journals and essays to observe learners’ behaviour, to analyse their project designs and to assess their opinions and experiences with regard to the IWDP. An organised and structured instructional environment within the IWDP helped the teacher to promote technological problem solving. The teacher and learners acknowledged the components of the programme (for example, assessment criteria, range statements, performance indicators, pre-defined learner tasks and activities) in the project-based classroom. Practical and cognitive apprenticeship and experiential and situated learning were used to accommodate the problem-solving needs of learners. Learners indicated a need for a variety of tools and expert guidance in a peer-based collaborative learning environment.     

提升航天型号合同履约能力的思考

航天型号合同是用户与承研、承制单位依据航天型号科研生产工作项目内容,按照双方约定达成一致意见,形成一种契约,并签署具有法律效力的协议。合同规定了型号科研生产工作内容,约定了型号任务完成的节点计划,涵盖研制课题、产品配套、试验项目、交付时间等,明确了总经费额度,并作为合同执行、年度经费到款及经费拨付的依据。     

标准实施监督管理模式的探讨

石油企业点多面广、高度分散,要实施的标准数量较多。在标准实施和监督工作中,石油企业应充分考虑这个特点,根据各专业具体履行的职责不同,采取统筹安排,各负其责的“立体监督管理”模式。重点抓好综合监督检查和专业监督检查,防止过多过滥,交叉重复和流于形式。技术监督部门应与专业部门加强联系,充分做好协调和控制工作。     

推行6σ与贯标相结合的质量管理

着重对6σ管理、ISO9000标准等各自的管理特点及相互融合的重点进行了阐述,对企业推行6σ与贯标相结合的企业质量管理方法提出了具体的实施建议。     

A two-stage model for the design of supply chain networks

This research aims to develop an analytical model of the supplier selection process in designing a supply chain network. The constraints on the capacity of each potential supplier are considered in the process. The assumed objective of the supply chain is to minimize the level of customer dissatisfaction, which is evaluated by two performance criteria: (i) price and (ii) delivery lead time. The overall model operates at two levels of decision-making: the operational level and the chain level. The operational level concerns decisions related to optimizing the manufacturing and logistical activities of each potential supplier in order to meet the customer's requirements. At the chain level, all the bids from potential suppliers are evaluated and the final configuration of the supply chain is determined. The structure of the chain depends on the product specifications and on the customer's order size. An optimal solution in terms of the models for the two levels can be obtained by using a mixed-integer programming technique.     

浅谈培训制度实施

不论是质量体系，还是HSE体系，都要求对企业员工进行培训，以提高员工工作技能和预防风险的能力，确保产品质量和安全生产。随科学技术进步和企业管理体系日益完善，培训越来越重要，特别是《中华人民共和国安全生产法》的诞生及实施，将培训上升到法律要求的高度。培训，不再是企业的自愿行为，而是法律法规的强制性要求。然     

一次贯标产生的效益

问题的提出《电力系统电压和无功电力技术导则》标准中明确规定 :“高压供电的工业用户和高压供电装有负荷调整电压装置的电力用户 ,功率因数应为 0 .90以上” ,“2 2 0kV及以下电压等级的变电所中 ,在主变压器最大负荷时 ,其二次侧的功率因数不小于表 1中所列的数值 ,或由电网供给的无功功率与有功功率比值不大于表 1中所列的数值”。表 1　 2 2 0kV及以下变电所二次侧功率因数规定值电压等级kV 2 2 0 35～ 110COSФ 0 .95～ 10 .9～ 1无功功率 /有功功率 0 .33～ 0 0 .4 8～ 0中原油田电网跨越河南、山东两省 ,分布五县一区 ,线路长、…     

在实验室管理中贯彻八项质量管理原则的可行性

20 0 0版ISO/DIS 90 0 0族标准中提出的八项质量管理原则 ,是在 94版基础上新增的一个重要内容。通过对这八项质量管理原则在实验室管理中的适用性进行探讨 ,阐述了这八项质量管理原则不仅是贯彻ISO 90 0 0族标准的组织改进质量体系的指导 ,也为按实验室认可准则建立质量体系的实验室 ,提出了一个不断完善和改进其质量体系的管理思路 ,是可以在实验室管理中充分运用的准则。     

A model of creative design process for fostering creativity of students in design education

Creativity, which is concerned with problem solving, is essential if we are to generate new solutions to the massive and complex problems in the unknown future. Our next generation needs an educational platform where they can be taught to possess creativity. Design education is such a way to foster students’ creativity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the creative design process and its routine in order to show how students can generate creative output and how teachers can guide students in the design process. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to investigate the creative design process as it is employed in producing creative designs, and further recommend how students can practise and learn to be creative based on the model process developed in this paper. The model is expected to provide a guideline for teachers to facilitate students along the creative thinking process.     

复合软包装材料结构的设计研究

众所周知，全世界生产的塑料主要消耗在包装应用上。2000年，全球合成树脂的产量达到13亿吨，其中塑料包装材料的发展最迅速，占塑料总产量的41％，2001年，美国产量占38％，欧洲占37％。而包装中应用最多的又是食品和饮料。食品塑料包装的主要要求是确保产品在一定的货架寿命期内到达消费者手中仍然能保持产品的感官质量(色香味)。     

Modeling approaches for the design of resilient supply networks under disruptions

This paper studies various modeling approaches to design resilient supply networks (SN) for the location-transportation problem under uncertainty. The future environment of the SN is shaped by random demands, and by disruptions perturbing depots capacity and ship-to-point demand processes. The paper proposes several stochastic programming models incorporating alternative resilience seeking formulations. A generic approach to model SN disruptions, and to elaborate and evaluate SN designs is also proposed. Experiments are made to compare the SN design models formulated, and recommendations are drawn on the approach to use to design effective and robust supply networks.     

Auction design and bidding strategy for the note issuance facility

Three auctioning methods are considered for the Note Issuance Facility. They are (i) the discriminatory auction where each winning bidder is paid his own interest rate bid, (ii) the stop-out-rate auction where all winners are paid the interest rate that clears the market, and (iii) the lowest-rejected-bid auction in which all winners are paid the lowest rejected interest rate bid. For each auctioning method, the bidder's optimal bidding strategy is derived and the note issuer's corresponding expected interest rate is obtained. The results under these three auctioning methods are then compared.