推进人力资源的系统开发

当前,推进人力资源开发,对于经济社会发展具有重要意义。从系统观点看,从我国经济社会发展的实际出发。需要着眼于人力资源开发的全过程,关注人力资源开发的全方面,增强人力资源开发的系统性。为此,需要在提升主体性过程中推进人力资源开发,在改进管理模型中推进人力资源开发,在教育培训中推进人力资源开发,在文化建设中推进人力资源开发,在人才使用中推进人力资源开发,在市场化的进程中推进人力资源开发,在提升社会资本的过程中推进人力资源开发,在完善机制过程中推进人力资源开发。     

Research findings in strategic management with implications for R&D management

Abstract
The author has reviewed the literature, predominantly North American, on the relationships between corporate strategy and corporate performance.
The general context is the question of where and how a firm should diversify. The author considers three areas of decision: corporate strategy, (where to compete), business strategy, (how to compete), and corporate organization (receptiveness to diversification). It appears that the most advantageous corporate strategy is to diversify into a high-profit area but to maintain a substantial relatedness to existing businesses; the best business strategy is to have a market-related perspective, to use R&D to develop new products with a marked competitive advantage rather than new processes, to minimise investment but to enter the market on a sufficiently large scale. This last condition presupposes a high degree of top-management commitment to the venture. Furthermore, consideration has to be given to whether the organizational culture is such as to nurture rather than stifle the venture by insisting on administrative controls appropriate to the firm's traditional base.
The author points to three areas deserving of further investigation: How a firm in a mature industry can find a related area that is sufficiently attractive; how to fix on the correct scale of an entry taking into account the long lead times before the venture shows a net return; and how to ensure that the corporate culture will be able to accommodate novel interests and procedures.
All the above matters pose questions for the management of technology and the direction of R&D.     

趋势面分析在霍林河盆地地质构造研究中的应用

本论文工作在全区共选取了251个钻孔的资料,对14煤、10煤、6煤、4煤底板标高及上泥岩段底界深度进行了1、4、6次趋势面分析和偏差分析,对研究区的构造进行了解释.结果表明,NNE-NE向断层在各煤层沉积期间持续活动,但断距有所变化.该方向的断层是同沉积断层.     

油气田开发项目平均投资利润率和利税率的确定

行业平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率是投资者进行投资机会选择的主要参考依据之一，是投资者对其投资项目收益的最低期望要求。从投资者角度来讲，恰当地确定平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率是一个相当重要而又比较棘手的问题。文章主要讨论了如何确定油气田勘探开发项目经济评价中平均投资利润率和行业平均投资利税率的一种简单方法。     

Which one is more valuable in coordinating the online and offline distribution? Service support or online price coordination

Nowadays effective mechanisms to coordinate the online and offline distribution become increasingly important in the business market. In this research, we first propose two mechanisms (i.e. the offline service to the retailer and the online price coordination) for the manufacturer and the retailer to employ. Our results show that the online price coordination does help coordinate the online and offline distribution and bring higher profits to the manufacturer-retailer supply chain and thus both the manufacturer and the retailer, while the offline service to the retailer does not; comparing to the offline service to the retailer, the online price coordination is a better strategy to be utilized to alleviate the online to offline competition. Furthermore, we investigate if a novel coordination mechanism, which combines the offline service to the retailer with the online price coordination, can help coordinate the online and offline distribution better and becomes the optimal coordination mechanism. Surprisingly, our results show that compared to both the offline service to the retailer and the online price coordination, this combination coordination mechanism does show a dominant competitive advantage to bring highest profits to all parties.     

First Versus Second Mover Advantage with Information Asymmetry about the Profitability of New Markets

Is it better to move first, or second—to innovate, or to imitate? We show that if one player's information about the profitability of new markets is only modestly superior, the possibility of foreclosing the market can lead to a first‐mover advantage. On the other hand, more extreme information superiority can reverse this, leading to a second‐mover advantage. Knowing more surely what is the best choice, the better‐informed player wants to delay to keep his information private and the less‐informed player wants to delay to learn. Because of this, more accurate information can actually lead to inefficiency by increasing the incentive to delay, and exogenous costs of delay can aid efficiency by neutralizing that strategic incentive. In fact, in some circumstances a player may purposely coarsen his information to deter imitation.     

Why companies fail to respond to climate change: Collective inaction as an outcome of barriers to interaction

The urgent need to combat climate change is now globally accepted. Collective action at a global level is the key ability to respond to the threat of climate change. No individual company alone has the necessary resources and capabilities to tackle the unprecedented challenge of climate change. Companies need to engage in give-and-take exchange relationships with other companies to address climate change. Research on how companies interact with each of their counterparts to respond to the challenge of climate change is limited. Existing research on climate raises questions about 1) how companies interact in response to climate change and 2) why companies fail to craft collective responses to climate change? In an attempt to shed light on these questions, we use the network approach as a theoretical perspective to account for the ever increasing connectivity and interdependence in the business landscape and theorize on the consequences these phenomena may have for the study. The study is based upon an empirical investigation of public-private networks in Germany. Findings indicate that companies fail to collectively respond to climate change due to the multiplicity of interests of actors involved in the network which is aggravated by 1) economic reasoning; 2) weak actor bonds; and 3) differing perceptions of the rules of the game. As such, the present study contributes to our understanding of collective responses to the ever evolving challenge of climate change.     

基层岗位标准化建设实践探讨

阐述了如何将岗位职责与标准挂钩,更好地解决岗位员工"干什么、怎么干和干到什么程度"的问题,做好基层岗位标准化建设工作。标准化管理工作必须从基层岗位抓起,才能真正取得实效。     

强化生产过程技术管理提高装置防腐能力

详细分析了原油品种及性质变化对中石化西安石化分公司常压装置的影响，结果表明，掺炼酸值、硫和盐含量较高的混合原油是引起常减压装置腐蚀的主要原因针对中石化西安石化分公司的实际情况，指出要进行电脱盐技术攻关，优化换热流程．筛选破乳剂，使电脱盐后的原油盐含量低于3mg／l。使用有机胺组分含量具有中和功能的“二合一”双功能缓蚀荆，以缓解和控制常压塔顶的腐蚀问题对重点腐蚀部分加大检测频率，建议安装探针以监测高温部位的腐蚀情况加大工艺防腐力度，加强设备腐蚀的检、监测和规范化管理，设备选材与工艺调整相结合，最大化减缓腐蚀。     

Evaluating the efficiency change and productivity progress of the top global telecom operators since OTT's prevalence

The telecommunications industry has undergone significant evolvement from fixed to mobile substitution (FMS) to fixed mobile convergence (FMC) and now to over-the-top (OTT) services due to the huge rise in data usage. This paper explores efficiency variation during the period 2012–2017 for the top 41 global telecom operators in Forbes Global, 2000. Based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) meta-frontier approach to reflect differences in production functions, the empirical results herein show that the number of operators achieving technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier fell from 13 firms in 2012 to 10 firms in 2013 to 8 firms in 2014 to 8 firms in 2015 and then to 7 firms in 2016, but then rose to 11 firms in 2017, displaying the impact from rise in OTT. For the mobile-only group, the average technical efficiency with respect to the meta-frontier is 0.841, which is superior to the fixed-mobile group's 0.774 and the fixed-only group's 0.714, and the group difference is significant among the three facilities-based groups. The meta-frontier estimation suggests that the fixed-mobile group has the highest meta-technology ratio (MTR) of 0.901 versus the mobile-only group's 0.886 and fixed-only group's 0.718. The empirical results offer policy implications for regulators to encourage telecom operators to have fixed-mobile operations. We further suggest that telecom operators cooperate with OTT service providers and invest in them in order to take advantage of people's more personalized digital life.     

The design of an integrated group decision support system for technology assessment

Responding to the challenges of the marketplace compels firms to employ new production methods to improve product quality and delivery reliability, to reduce costs, and above all, to achieve greater flexibility. This paper outlines the system design of a group decision support system, developed to guide management through the process of new technology evaluation and adoption. The advantages of the proposed architecture include the opportunity to integrate a variety of independently developed components, the localisation of components (which leads to simplified maintenance) and the flexibility in the future for expanding and modifying the system.     

建设项目自组织智能管理模式研究

在工程实践和理论研究基础上,为提高建设项目的管理水平尝试性地提出了自组织智能管理模式(SOIMP),它是管理者面向建设项目的一种统一工作平台或系统工作方法。研究沿着管理系统获得、处理项目信息和管理系统动态特征的分析思路展开。选择岗位作为项目和项目管理系统之间的界面（接口）,全方位、全过程、全纵深地跟踪项目,通过岗位的特征属性无遗漏地刻画和表征项目。通过知识发现模型自组织地处理项目信息、发现项目知识,将项目转化为可以量化描述和研究的数学系统。在系统层次上分析管理模式的自组织机理,即对管理系统在对建设项目信息的捕捉和处理过程中表现出来的系统运动特征和规律的研究。     

A framework for understanding individual response to regulation

Regulations to encourage behaviour change are often used by governments to achieve policy objectives. The success of regulations depends on the commitment of individuals to change behaviour in ways that comply with regulatory obligations. Understanding and predicting the motivation of individuals to change their behaviour is critical in assessing the likely effectiveness of proposed regulations. In this paper we present a novel framework for understanding and predicting the motivation of an individual to comply with regulations. The framework is based on two central ideas. The first idea uses the involvement construct to predict the motivation of individuals to comply. The second idea separates the influence of the regulation on individuals’ motivation to comply from the influence of the underlying policy issue on the motivation of individuals to comply. Through application to a case study we show the framework’s merit in predicting an individual’s possible behavioural responses to a regulation and how it assists regulatory agencies develop strategies to enhance compliance.     

The Real Estate Pricing Puzzle

The state-of-the-art with respect to pricing real estate is similar to that with respect to pricing securities just prior to the development of the CAPM. Reading the entrails of real estate markets, however, has proven a formidable task, and the problem is not limited to inadequate data. Perhaps the most important lesson to date is that available pricing models are not up to the task.     

国有煤炭企业发展混合所有制探讨

我国的煤炭企业中国有独资或国有控股企业占有很大比重,混合所有制发展不够充分,中共十八届三中全会再次强调了深化国有企业改革、发展混合所有制经济。如何深化国有煤炭企业改革,推进混合所有制经济,在市场的决定性作用中,加快国有煤炭企业转型发展,这是国有煤炭企业面临的重要课题。结合大同煤矿集团公司实际,就当前形势下国有煤炭企业发展混合所有制的必要性、发展混合所有制面临的障碍以及如何发展混合所有制等内容进行了剖析。     

Short and long run movements in U.S. merger activity

This paper uses the NPV approach to merger decisions to select variables which are expected to explain changes in the aggregate number of mergers of US manufacturing and mining firms over time. We test for and estimate a cointegrating relationship between such variables. We find that in the long run the number of mergers and acquisitions is positively related both to the level of manufacturing production and to the level of the nominal bond yield. A short run dynamic model is also presented. Annual changes in merger and acquisition activity were found to be positively related to current changes in Tobin's Q and changes in Q lagged one, two and four years; positively related to changes in the current bond yield but negatively related to changes in the yield in the previous year; and finally that changes in merger activity were related to the degree to which the number of mergers differed from the long run or equilibrium value in the previous year.     

进口煤对国内煤炭市场影响的对策研究

煤炭大量进口满足了我国经济发展对能源的需求,但同时也对国内煤炭市场造成了巨大冲击,煤炭供应过剩和煤炭价格明显回落给我国煤炭企业带来了严峻挑战,大量煤炭企业经营陷入困境。因此,应正确面对全球化的市场竞争,努力降低生产成本,提高生产率,加快调整产业结构,实现多元化发展是企业走出困境的关键。     

Another instance where privatization trumped liberalization: The politics of telecommunications reform in South Africa—A ten-year retrospective

Soon after the first democratic election in 1994, South Africa passed legislation to revamp the telecommunications sector—to roll out telephone service to the previously disadvantaged and establish an independent regulator to oversee the reform. The Government sold a 30 percent stake in the state-owned incumbent network operator, Telkom, to expand telephone service to under-serviced areas and populations. Ten years on, the reform has largely failed. Telkom, granted a 5-year period of exclusivity to expand the network, has used its monopoly power to thwart competition. It has raised prices so high as to be damaging to the economy. The Regulator has been largely sabotaged by the Government, in part due to the consequences of the haste to privatize, in part because the ANC leadership has been loath to trust democratic structures outside of its immediate control. The situation has opened up opportunities for rent-seeking under the ideological aegis of Black Economic Empowerment. The paper examines the relative failure of reform in South Africa in the context of internal South African politics and against a backdrop of sectoral reform in similarly situated countries.     

Speaking of forgetting: Analysis of possible non-EU responses to the right to be forgotten and speech exception

The right to be forgotten is contentious partly because it highlights the difference between U.S. and E.U. prioritization of information privacy and freedom of expression. Recently, a moderate amount of research has been undertaken to explore the conceptual issues underlying the right to be forgotten and how the right conflicts with the U.S. first amendment, but little has been written about its impending implementation and interoperability issues. While this is an E.U. Data Protection Regulation proposing to grant rights only to E.U. citizens, the world has a stake in this right for a number of reasons. This article will analyze the options for non-E.U. countries and data controllers, namely the U.S., to react to the establishment of such a right, now called “The Right to Erasure”. These options are the following: (1) adopt the same right to erasure for themselves, (2) ignore right to erasure claims, (3) comply with erasure take down requests, or (4) seek to establish a modified version of the right to erasure. In assessing these options, the article will first address the reality of a right to erasure under U.S. law. Second, it will discuss compliance and jurisdictional issues if the right is ignored. Third, the article will look at the impact of full acceptance of the take-down regime, focusing on the potential chilling effects and abuse. Finally, it will propose that non-E.U. countries encourage a right to erasure that is less disruptive: a right to erasure that allows data subjects to directly request removal of data held privately by data controllers and a right to oblivion for publicly available information that is enforced similarly to defamation claims, requiring a court order.     

重组改制后企业计量工作的思考

阐述了重组改制后，企业计量工作面临的新形势。指出要做好计量管理工作，必须领导重视，转变观念；紧密结合生产实际；注重过程控制；进行必要的投入；采用先进的管理手段；不断完善计量检测系统，才能做好新形势下的计量管理工作。