应尽快改革和完善我国财产税制

完善财产税制是进一步优化我国税制结构的需要，也是完善我国地方税体系的需要。应遵循规范税制、公平税负、加强征管的原则，改革和完善我国的财产课税制度，构建以财产税为主体税种的地方税体系。基本思路是：统一内外资企业财产税制和城乡财产税制，对企业和个人（家庭）保有的土地和房屋普遍征收物业税（不动产税），对单位和个人拥有的车船等动产普遍征收车船税（动产税），适时开征遗产与赠与税。同时，改革财产税制必须采取相应的配套措施。     

借鉴国际经验完善我国财产税制

西方国家大都有较完善的财产税制。本文在借鉴西方发达国家财产税制的基础上,提出我国的财产税制改革方案:开征财产净值税和遗产税,①并完善相关配套征管制度。     

我国开征物业税的可行性及其制度设计

开征物业税是完善我国财产税制的需要,是规范和加强对房地产业税收调节的需要,我国现行土地制度不应成为开征物业税的障碍。借鉴成熟市场经济国家及我国香港特别行政区物业税制度建设的经验,集合我国的国情,我国应把现行的房产税、城市房地产税、城镇土地使用税、耕地占用税合并为物业税,同时我国的物业税应做到城乡统一、内外统一,应把物业税的征收范围确定为财产的保有环节。     

全球视野下的财产税制改革--兼论对中国物业税改革的启示

在地方政府各项可获得的收入来源中,财产课税是最佳选择。在不同的政治经济背景下,财产税改革具有不同的“路径”与“特色”。我国应把财产税或物业税改革纳入整体税制结构中作通盘设计,科学设置财产税或物业税的税基、税率、减免税优惠,逐步使其成为地方收入的重要支柱。同时建立、健全相应的财产登记注册、评估制度及管理机构。必须重视并加速立法进程,切实保护纳税人的基本权利。     

借鉴国际经验 完善我国财产税制度

财产税制是税收制度的重要组成部分,在促进社会财富公平分配方面发挥着特有的作用。我国现行的财产税制主要存在税收所占比重较小、财产税制结构不清晰、计税制度不健全、分配结构不合理、立法层次较低、地方政府缺乏必要税收自主权等问题。我国可借鉴西方国家财产税制改革的措施及经验,进一步完善财产税制度,这对于地方财政体制的完善和财产税的推行有着现实意义。     

借鉴国际经验 完善我国财产课税制度

国外经验表明，发达国家都已基本上建立了一套多税种协调配合、功能健全的财产课税制度。发展中国家虽受经济发展条件、税收征管水平等方面的制约，但大都已开征了多个财产税税种，财产课税制度将会进一步完善。我国财产课税的特点是：税种少、税基窄，以土地面积或帐面价值为计税依据，内外资实行两套税制……。改革和完善我国财产课税制度应从四个方面著手：(1)规范和增加财产税税种：(2)重视财产税制建设，提高其在财政收入中的比重；(3)健全税收立法，堵塞税收征管漏洞；(4)完善财产课税制度设计。     

重构我国财产课税制度的设想

财产课税在我国已有多年的历史,曾经也是我国的主要收入来源.但是随着我国的税制改革和经济的发展,财产税的主体地位已经逐渐被增值税和所得税取代,但是在分配收入公平、征收地方税款以及调节人民生活水平等方面有着无法代替的作用,所以我国对于财产课税制度的优化和完善对我国经济发展有着十分重要的意义.本文首先明确掌握了财产课税制度对我国经济的影响和分类,并发现了现行财产课税制度中存在的问题,通过借鉴国际上的税制经验和我国的经济形势,提出了一些完善改革的措施.     

关于完善我国财产税制的政策思考

我国的生产力发展水平、生产资源公有制、按劳分配的分配制度及传统观念的束缚使现行财产税出现种种不尽人意之处。建议通过借鉴国外做法,建立适合我国国情的财产税体系;尽快开征遗产税和赠与税;规范税种,提高春在税制体系中的比重;适度下放立法权,建立和健全相关法律法规。     

论我国的财产税

我国对财产税的认识很不统一,主要是对“财产”没有展开过认真的讨论,更没有深入研究财产税的功能,以至于在我国税收制度的安排中缺乏综合发挥“财产税”对国民经济的调节作用。本文的讨论将证明:财产税是极其重要的,完善我国的财产税制度刻不容缓。     

我国财产税税制改革的基本构想

一、财产税是以纳税人拥有或支配的财产为课税对象的一类税收,世界上许多国家普遍开征。各国设置财产税时,不是把所有财产都列入征税范围,只是选择某些特定的财产征税。一般把土地和土地上的各种附属物、设施以及室外的车船纳入征税范围;对室内财产、无形资产因不好查实,一般不予征税或只在发生权属转移时征税。开征财产税的原因是:(1)调节财产拥有人的收入,特别是调节因占有财产数量、质量的不同而形成的级差收入,从而节制财富的过度集中;(2)限制不必要的财产占有,提高其使用效果,特别是促进土地资源的合理利用;(3)增加财政收入,加强国家对…     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.