Bioenergy in Southern Africa: An opportunity for regional integration?

ABSTRACT

This introductory paper sets out the rationale for revisiting questions surrounding biofuel futures in Southern Africa and exploring the case for the establishment of a regional market. This contrasts with most research that has focused upon benefits and risks of production and consumption for individual countries. The analysis in this issue suggests that while benefits exist, the key challenges that have stifled production and consumption to date would need to be overcome. Unlocking trade requires relaxing requirements for South African manufacturers to source all their feedstock domestically. Key among factors to encourage production is resolving agricultural investment processes, particularly designing inclusive business models and clarifying land acquisition processes.     

地区政治与国际关系研究

传统的国际关系研究增进了人们对国际关系一般性和整体性的领悟能力,但在国际关系的复杂多样性方面却缺乏深入的分析。作为解决这个问题的一种努力,我们主张关注地区政治,到地区体系和地区内的互动关系之中去考察和研究国际关系中的重要问题。作者将地区政治界定为一个有着独特性的国际关系研究领域,在强调其反映国际关系深刻性的基础上,从体系结构、进程和秩序三个方面分析了它的基本特征,并讨论了进行地区政治研究需要思考的某些理论问题。地区政治研究将有助于我们较为确切地回答在什么样的条件下国际合作或者国际冲突最为可能的问题,因此需要赋予国际关系研究以更鲜明的地区空间色彩。     

Measuring Global and Regional Trade Integration in Terms of Concentration of Access

I apply concentration measures from the inequality literature—the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient—to the measurement of global and regional integration, and show that these can be derived from the theoretical gravity model in the presence of unequal costs of access for firms from different locations to aparticular market. Overall, comparing nine economies, I find that the United States is the most globalized on these measures, and India and China are the least globalized. The smaller EU economies, which are very open on standard measures, should probably be viewed as regionalized rather than globalized. JEL no. F10, F15, C49     

港澳与珠江三角洲建立共同市场制度整合的效应研究

本研究从一体化程度、投资便利化程度和贸易便利化程度等三个指标,衡量港澳与珠三角地区建立共同市场过程中制度整合的经济效应与进展,并对其进一步的整合方向提出若干研究建议。     

国际区域一体化发展战略研究综述

区域一体化是促进经济快速发展、转变国家和地区发展方式的重要经济形式。对国际区域一体化的概念进行详细阐述,基于新经济地理学的角度对区域一体化在推动国家和地区经济发展上起到的作用以及出现的问题进行分析。同时,对区域一体化和经济全球化的关系进行论述。区域一体化是经济全球化发展的重要桥梁,对促进全球经济格局转变、经济全球化以及贸易自由化具有重要意义。最后,针对区域一体化发展形式下对中国经济发展提出建议,对经济发展过程中面临的机遇与挑战进行分析,并对中国未来的经济发展进行展望。     

重污染产业迁移的区际流向和特征——基于我国医药制造上市公司区位变迁的微观证据

产业转移成为中国区域经济产业结构调整的重要途径。可持续发展背景下,加强绿色转型升级,避免伴生污染的空间复制,是一个亟待重视的理论与现实问题。以医药制造上市企业为例,通过2000年—2017年上市公司总部与其子公司注册地分离情况衡量本土企业的国内投资迁移,分别从省、市尺度微观追踪企业扩张迁移的趋势和特征。结果表明,中国医药企业转移随时间推移阶段性变化;区域间产业转移呈现出东部领先、中西部着重、东北部薄发的大格局;梯度与逆梯度转移路径并存,东部向中西部的单向梯度迁移态势正逐渐被打破,双向流动、多区域优化布局的趋势愈发凸显。     

African trade dynamics: is China a different trading partner?

This paper employs the standard gravity model to identify the quality of governance of China's African trade partners. As a benchmark, we perform the same analysis on other major African trade partners: France, Germany, UK, and USA. Data from 53 African countries in 1996–2009 show that only China is consistently willing to import more from African countries with a lower governance standing. By doing so; China fills a gap left open by the other major world economies, and might even play a key role in the future development of Africa.     

日本依托区域经济一体化主导国际经贸规则制定权的战略分析

以安倍第二次出任日本首相为分水岭,起步晚、发展迅速的日本区域经济一体化战略发生了巨大的变化:由昔日高度重视通过参与、组建区域经济一体化组织来确保日本经济稳定发展的资源供给、不断开拓的海外市场转向了依托参与、组建区域经济一体化组织来主导国际经贸规则制定权。为此,安倍政府实施了以TPP/CPTPP、RCEP、中日韩FTA等区域多边贸易协定为龙头,以日欧EPA、日美贸易协定、日美数字贸易协定、日英EPA等双边自由贸易协定为两翼的区域经济一体化战略,使日本"成为在区域层面以及双边层面创造规则的国家"。     

论区际“和”、“同”关系与区域发展

文章认为任何区域要获得可持续发展,不仅要在区域内寻找发展动力,而且还要从区际关系中寻找发展动力。不“同”不“和”,“同”而不“和”,不“同”而“和”,是区际关系的三种“和”、“同”模式。区域应给自身的发展方向准确定位,以促使区际关系向“和”发展。     

区域贸易安排的保护性:引力模型

通过2000-2005年EU、APEC、NAFTA三个区域贸易组织双边贸易流量基于合并数据的引力模型得出结论:三个区域贸易组织的净贸易效果均为贸易转移,但区域保护程度顺次减弱。总体上,发生贸易转移的方向从以发达国家为主的区域贸易组织转移到以新兴市场国家为主或由发达国家与发展中国家共同组成的区域贸易组织。因而,对内积极推行自由贸易,对外具有很强的贸易保护倾向是各国推行区域贸易政策的显著特征。     

中国省区市场整合测度及其俱乐部整合特征

本文采用价格法对中国省区市场整合进行了测度,并以此为基础归纳了省区市场整合的四个特征。研究表明,我国大部分省区市场是整合而非分割的,省区市场整合存在区域差异,东部地区市场整合程度最高,但省区是否相邻不影响市场整合的测度结果。在省区两两市场整合测度的基础上,本文进一步研究了省区之间的俱乐部整合情况,结果发现在市场总体整合程度稍低的中、西部地区存在大量整合俱乐部。     

The Impact of Trade Integration on Business Cycle Co-Movements in Europe

This paper extends our previous research on East Asia to the case of 14 European countries from 1977 to 1999. According to our empirical results, intraindustry trade is again the major channel through which the business cycles of European countries become synchronized. This contrasts with existing studies that found that increased trade itself led to the synchronization of business cycles. Our findings have important implications for the adoption of a currency union, as we expect that the costs of joining a currency union will diminish significantly only when intraindustry trade becomes dominant. JEL no. E32, F33, F36, F41     

建立中国-东盟自由贸易区对广西外贸的影响及对策

广西是中国-东盟自由贸易区的前沿阵地。中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立给广西的发展带来了巨大的机遇,使广西与东盟各国的贸易越来越健康地发展,使广西与东盟双向投资越来越频繁,但也带来了挑战。我们要以自由贸易区为平台,抓住合作环境改善、经贸投资地域和领域扩大等机遇,克服产品竞争力弱等不利因素,运用经贸对象和领域的合理选择、投资策略的调整等办法,推动双方经贸合作关系不断发展。     

合肥经济圈发展中的区域整合研究

经济圈内的各市的资源、产业、技术、人才等发展条件和比较优势各不尽相同,把各自优势结合起来,通过整合发展,则可以提高经济圈的整体优势和经济运行效率,降低交易成本,实现整个经济圈经济发展的整体推进。在合肥经济圈的发展中,通过整合经济圈内的发展资源,加强区域合作,则可以避免重复建设和资源浪费,实现经济圈内各城市间的优势互补和共同发展。     

Trade Liberalization and Union Wages in a Differentiated Bertrand Duopoly

In a framework of a unionized international Bertrand duopoly with differentiated products, this article analyzes national labor market interdependencies and the consequences of trade liberalization for union wages. The analysis suggests that national wages are likely to be strategic complements (substitutes) if products are ordinary substitutes (complements). Under the assumption of linear demand, it is shown that bilateral trade liberalization always leads to higher union set wages and union utilities, regardless of the nature of product rivalry. An analysis of the consequences of unilateral tariff reductions shows that foreign tariff reductions always give rise to higher union wages and utilities, whereas the impact of unilateral domestic tariff reductions depends on the nature of product rivalry.     

Impact of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area on China＇s International Agricultural Trade and Its Regional Development

This study aims to examine the impact of the China‐ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA) on China's international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and the China Agricultural Decision Support System. Our analysis showed that: (i) CAFTA will improve resource allocation efficiencies for both China and ASEAN and will promote bilateral agricultural trade and, hence, will have positive effects on the economic development of both sides; (ii) CAFTA will accelerate China's export of the agricultural commodities in which it has comparative advantages, such as vegetables, wheat and horticultural products, but at the same time bring about a large increase in imports of commodities such as vegetable oil and sugar; and (iii) CAFTA will have significantly varying impacts on China's regional agricultural development because of large differences in the agricultural production structure in each region. Our results indicate that agriculture in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of China will benefit from CAFTA, whereas agriculture development in southern China will suffer. Those regional specific impacts are quite different from the effects brought by multilateral free trade treaties, such as those of the WTO, which usually have positive effects on south China but negative impacts on the northern and western parts of China.