渔船标准体系建设创新研究

文章介绍了渔船、渔船标准及渔船标准体系建设的发展过程和成就，提出了渔船宏观结构、渔船现行标准及标准体系建设中存在的问题。分析了国家对渔船工业宏观引导和市场发展的方向，提出了渔船生产管理和设计、建造、维修对标准技术的需求。根据国内外船舶材料、船用设备和技术工艺水平，国家标准和国际先进标准的状况，提出了渔船标准体系建设创新的要求、原则和目标。     

确定压力容器安全系数原则

压力容器安全系数直接受材料参数的影响,这就要求在选用材料许用应力值时,要在考虑抗拉强度的基础上,考虑屈服强度;奥氏体不锈钢应变能力、强化能力、韧性都比较强,为了把这些特性充分的发挥出来,应该特别考虑它的许用应力值;伴随着科学技术的成熟,对一次次实验的总结,既能保证压力容器的安全,又能够在此基础上节约材料,降低成本,压力容器安全系数有降低趋势,这是理论与实际相结合的结果。     

Intra-Industry Capital Structure Dispersion

Why do firms in some industries exhibit very similar debt ratios, while firms in other industries do not? This paper examines the dispersion in leverage ratios among firms within an industry, and relates this dispersion to industry characteristics. We find that more concentrated industries and industries where the use of leasing is more intense exhibit greater intra‐industry dispersion. We also document greater dispersion in industries where firms use less incentive compensation, sit more insiders in their boards, are older, and have larger capital expenditures in relation to their assets.     

Production subcontracting and location

Using data from a panel of Spanish manufacturing firms, I examine factors that explain firms' production subcontracting decisions and test whether there is any evidence that production subcontracting is facilitated in areas typically associated with higher agglomeration economies. The results show that location matters. Firms in industry agglomerations are more likely to subcontract production activities. While in general, larger and older firms as well as high wage firms show a greater probability for production subcontracting, industry agglomeration particularly facilitates subcontracting for smaller and lower wage firms and it allows firms to respond to a greater degree to expansive demand conditions by taking advantage of subcontracting.     

Identifying technically efficient fishing vessels: a non‐empty,minimal subset approach

Stochastic frontier models are often employed to estimate fishing vessel technical efficiency. Under certain assumptions, these models yield efficiency measures that are means of truncated normal distributions. We argue that these measures are flawed, and use the results of Horrace ( 2005 ) to estimate efficiency for 39 vessels in the Northeast Atlantic herring fleet, based on each vessel's probability of being efficient. We develop a subset selection technique to identify groups of efficient vessels at pre‐specified probability levels. When homogeneous production is assumed, inferential inconsistencies exist between our methods and the methods of ranking the means of the technical inefficiency distributions for each vessel. When production is allowed to be heterogeneous, these inconsistencies are mitigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析压力容器制造的质量管理

压力容器是一种可靠性要求非常高的特种设备。由于压力容器工作条件苛刻、容器内介质危害性大极易发生事故,危机人身和财产安全,因此压力容器产品的质量必须安全可靠。在此根据压力容器生产制造本身特性,对压力容器制造过程各个环节的质量管理做一番论述。     

烟台市企业员工能力提升路径研究

论文从烟台市企业的发展现状入手,介绍了烟台市的企业通过政策的扶持和产业的更替已经取得了快速的发展。高精尖的企业在市场竞争中想要拔得头筹,对于员工能力的培养至关重要。员工能力的提升是发展的前提、生产计划的保障、企业员工实现自我价值的重要方式。随着企业的发展,会有更多的问题产生,对于员工能力的提升永无止境,员工之于企业的价值不言而喻。只有重视员工、重视员工能力的提升,企业才会获得长足的发展。     

我国产业结构与就业吸纳能力的实证分析

基于就业弹性的视角对我国产业结构与就业吸纳能力进行实证分析发现,我国第一产业拉动就业不足,第三产业拉动就业能力较强。再通过比较我国结构偏离系数与国际标准结构偏离系数发现:第一产业存在大量的隐性失业,第二产业吸纳就业能力在减弱,劳动力在向第三产业转移;各行业直接或者间接吸纳就业能力不同,批零餐饮业和社会服务等行业拉动就业作用最强。最后,从消除第一产业隐性失业、发展劳动密集型产业等角度提出了一些解决我国结构性就业矛盾的政策建议。     

外压薄壁容器的稳定性分析

利用柱壳理论建立了横截面为理想椭圆的薄壁容器均布外压作用下的位移形式的基本控制方程。为表征椭圆偏心率的影响,将引入位移函数,采用Galerkin积分得到稳定性的临界条件,得到了不同偏心率下外压容器稳定性的分析结论。然后利用有限元软件ANSYS对外压容器进行了几何非线性分析,求出失稳临界载荷,为提高外压容器安全性和结构设计合理性提供依据。     

造船企业供应链风险分析及其防范措施

随着国际贸易的迅速增长，水路运输的发展对船舶运输能力有了更高的要求，同时船运企业在相当长一段时间对船舶的需求也持续增长。而供应链的有效竞争能力关系到造船企业的生存。文章着重分析了造船企业供应链的特点及其常见风险，并从供应链管理的角度提出了风险应对策略。     

Time-frequency causality and dependence structure between crude oil,EPU and Chinese industry stock: Evidence from multiscale quantile perspectives

This article investigates the time-frequency causality and dependence structure of Chinese industry stock returns on crude oil shocks and China's economic policy uncertainty (EPU) across quantiles over the period from January 2001 to June 2021. We use wavelet-based decomposition series to establish a multiscale causality-in-quantiles test and a quantile-on-quantile regression approach to reveal the complicated relationships involving crude oil, EPU and stock returns. Our empirical results are as follows: First, the predictability of crude oil and EPU on industry stock returns is significantly strong under extreme market conditions. Second, the explanatory ability of EPU on industry stock returns in the long term is stronger than EPU’s ability to explain short term returns. Third, the impacts of crude oil and EPU on industry stock returns remain remarkably asymmetric across quantile levels. Finally, nonenergy-intensive industries are also affected by crude oil shocks, but less than energy-intensive industries. Overall, these empirical findings can provide implications for policymakers to stabilize stock markets and investors to hedge the potential risks from crude oil and EPU.     

Winds of Trade: Passage to Zero-Emission Shipping

The shipping industry needs to decarbonize over the coming decades, but there are competing visions about how that will happen. While major shipping companies are looking to potential new fuels, including ammonia, other disruptors are already shipping small quantities of boutique goods, emission free, on sailboats harnessing the power of the wind. They are a reminder that all global trade used to travel by sail. Can wind propel us back to the future? There is a role for wind power in shipping as both a primary means of propulsion and a way to provide wind assistance to reduce a vessel’s fuel use. This article examines the possibilities and challenges for wind-based sea transport.     

Congestion, ownership, region of operation, and scale: Their impact on bus operator performance in Norway

The goal of this paper is to determine the impact that inputs such as fuel consumption and total number of workers employed have on operators’ efficiency in the Norwegian bus industry. Further, we investigate operations characteristics that are associated with the inefficient use of inputs in bus operations. This information is highly relevant for the subsidizers (decision-makers) since resource inefficiency leads to greater costs (ceteris paribus). We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to explore these issues. The results suggest that there is, in general, a potential for input saving in the sector of about 21%. No significant differences were found between urban and bus rural operators with respect to efficiency scores; neither were there any performance differences with respect to ownership. This latter result deviates from previous international studies, and can likely be explained by the lack of competition in the Norwegian bus industry. A particularly interesting result suggests a formidable degree of input congestion in the Norwegian bus industry, which is in contrast to previous international studies on such congestion.     

浅谈烟草客户经理所必备的能力素质

客户经理是烟草企业营销活动的主体,并且是连接企业和零售户的桥梁,其素质和能力的高低直接决定着烟草企业的发展潜力,这就对客户经理能力提出了较高的要求。本文先分析了烟草企业客户经理能力的内涵,着重介绍了烟草客户经理必备的能力素质。只有不断提升自身能力,才能更好的进行客户关系管理维护、品牌培育和需求预测。     

Co-operation and conflict in industrial relations: what are the implications for employees and trade unions?

This article explores the effects on employees of co-operation and conflict the workplace, outlining six workplace types. A survey of union representatives UK steel industry reveals evidence of co-operative industrial relations linked to superior terms and conditions, employee involvement and health and safety outcomes. However, it fails to find evidence that co-operative industrial relations are associated a broader HRM package of workplace restructuring, high performance work teams security provisions. Nor is any association revealed between co-operation and a greater role for trade unions. These findings suggest workplace co-operation in this industry remains part of a traditional gainsharing package and an 'alliance of insiders' than an HRM partnership or union incorporation. This raises broader questions the ability of co-operation to deliver important aspects of organizational competitive advantage.     

Consumer Search Ability,Price Dispersion and the Digital Divide

The ‘digital divide’ in online activities is believed to arise from differences in Internet access, but this paper advances an alternative explanation that is related to consumer search ability. It argues that this leads to greater price dispersion, causing some consumers to be discriminated against. It analyses price data for the UK Internet motor insurance market, collecting data on 32,255 prices for 110 sub‐markets, where differences in price dispersion across these by age, occupation and sex of the driver are argued to reflect differences in search ability. Allowing for price dispersion to also depend on the insurance risk, it finds greater price dispersion for consumers with weaker search abilities, i.e. older, unemployed, retired or female consumers. As this is not explained by alternative hypotheses, the paper concludes that improved Internet access alone will not close the ‘digital divide’. The implication is that policymakers should address the online search abilities of individuals as well as Internet access.     

Startup team contributions and new firm creation: the role of founding team experience

The likelihood of nascent entrepreneurs making the transition from a new venture idea to a profitable business is argued to be contingent on the breadth of the resources available within the startup team. Team industry and startup experience are deemed to influence the entrepreneurs’ ability to profitably establish the venture in the market via the mobilization of team resources. Using a sample of nascent entrepreneurs in the USA, we show that team resource heterogeneity has a positive impact on profitable firm creation. Moreover, this positive effect is greater as the team has more experience in the industry in which the new business will compete.     

The effect of strike replacement legislation on employment

Employers and employer groups often argue that restrictions on an employer's ability to use replacement workers during a strike reduce employment. This study analyzes provincial employment-to-population ratios for 1966–1994 and unionized bargaining unit employment growth rates for 1966–1993 to test for an impact of provincial strike replacement policies in Canada. A strike replacement ban that restricts the use of both permanent and temporary replacements is found to have adverse employment consequences. The results for reinstatement rights provisions (effectively banning permanent replacements) and professional strikebreaker bans are mixed.     

打造绿色食品城是区域食品市场发展的现实选择——莱阳发展食品交易市场的调查与思考

莱阳各类食品交易市场在胶东半岛具有一定的影响力,并且莱阳具有区位、行业、商户、品牌等诸多做大做强的优势和潜力,但也存在规划布局、观念、环境等方面的局限与不足.通过实地调查和科学统计分析研究,认为:规划建设一处集批发采购、加工包装、仓储运输、物流配送、电子商务等于一体的绿色食品城,趋优逼劣,整合现有市场资源,形成食品行业发展航母,面向胶东及东北地区,辐射全国,接轨国际市场,是实现莱阳食品市场跨越发展的现实选择.     

Lost in time and space: temporal and spatial challenges facing older workers in a global economy from a career capital perspective

This paper develops a conceptual framework to enhance our understanding of the career challenges facing older workers in a global economy. A distinction between ‘high’ and ‘low’ career capital of older workers is made. This distinction is then used to highlight potential temporal and spatial challenges for older workers in their later life careers. We draw on empirical evidence from existing studies of older workers and their careers. The contribution of this paper to human resource management debates is threefold. Firstly, we contribute to debates in the HRM(Human Resource Management) literature about intelligent careers and career capital by distinguishing between high and low career capital to explain the polarisation of older workers’ careers. Secondly, we synthesise career capital issues with spatial and temporal aspects of international labour markets to conceptualise the key issues and challenges which create potential boundaries for older workers when navigating later life careers thereby contributing to ‘boundary-focused scholarship’ (Inkson, K., Gunz, H., Ganesh, S., & Roper, J. (2012). Boundaryless careers; Bringing back boundaries, Organization Studies, 33, 323–340). Finally, we develop a series of propositions to provide a basis for further research into the issues of space and time relevant to older ‘high’ and ‘low’ career capital workers, their careers and HRM.