On the Sino-British cultural differences and their impact on English language teaching

language and culture are closely related, language is not only the most important human communication tools, is also a cultural carrier. All our words and deeds are, consciously or unconsciously, reflect a certain culture. Many cultural phenomena can be reflected in language. Chinese and English text is based on the basis of different languages. Chinese people should learn English well, can not be ignored in the Sino-British cultural differences. Article from the Sino-British inter-cultural differences, the...     

Management under Stress and Cultural Differences

With cultural differences in perceptions of stressors and coping skills, how do managers make the job sound appealing to different types of workers？ This subject has been explorative investigated in Western countries, particularly in the United States. Very little work has been carded out in Asia. This Study has shown that there are specific job stressors and job stress effects in each culture. In addition, there is evidence of differences in stress strategy to face job stress attributed to culture. So, this context is the basis to research on the nature and magnitude of job stress experiences by people from different cultural backgrounds, and taking into account all the previous arguments. This study compares stress perception, stressful experiences and stress management strategies in studies of both Chinese and western managers.     

浅谈英语颜色词的翻译

Color words play an important role in the different cultural languages. As the background of Chinese and English culture varies each other, the usage of color word also differs greatly. In order to understand inner meaning better, people must adopt some different transhtion techniques in translating materials （such as literal translation, flee transhtion, change and addition of some color words, etc. ） so as to translate English color words in an accurate way. As a result, it can help people make cross-cultural more effectively and promote the cultural exchange and hybrid between English and Chinese nationalities.     

The Differences between English and Chinese in My View

this essay is aimed to explore the differences between English and Chinese from three aspects. Firstly, English is hypotactic, while Chinese is paratacdc; secondly, passive voice is more often used in English than that in Chinese; thirdly, the expressions of English is stative, on the contrary, Chinese is dynamic.     

What Do Employers Want？ Views of Chinese and Canadian Job Seekers

I. Introduction Countries differ significantly in culture, and cultural differences affect businesses operation (Hofstede, 1980). East–West cultural differences can lead to confusion and misunderstanding. In order to obtain a better understanding of these issues, many studies have been conducted in the past two decades. In general, Chinese have been found to be more oriented towards collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance than Canadians (Hofstede, 1980, 2001; Ralston et al,…     

Roots of Tomorrow＇s Digital Divide： Documenting Computer Use and Internet Access in China＇s Elementary Schools Today

This paper explores China＇s digital divide, with a focus on differences in access to computers, learning software, and the Internet at school and at home among different groups of elementary school children in China. The digital divide is examined in four different dimensions： （i） between students in urban public schools and students in rural public schools; （ii） between students in rural public schools and students in private migrant schools; （iii） between migrant students in urban public schools and migrant students in private migrant schools; and （iv） between students in Han-dominated rural areas and students in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. Using data from a set of large-scale surveys in schools in different parts of the country, we find a wide gap between computer and Internet access of students in rural areas and those in urban public schools. The gap widens further when comparing urban students to students from minority areas. The divide is also large between urban and rural schools when examining the quality of computer instruction and access to learning software. Migration does not appear to eliminate the digital divide, unless migrant families are able to enroll their children in urban public schools. The digital divide in elementary schools may have implications for future employment, education and income inequality in China.     

Analysis of the “Red Packet” Phenomenon in China＇s Medical Health Industry

“Red packet”, or the red envelope containing money as a bribe or kickback, is a kind of present. It not only reflects a relationship involving exchange of material things, but also has social and cultural implications. Seen as an element of Chinese social organizations, the red packet has multiple functions -social, economic and political. In the traditional Chinese society, the red packet had already been in existence in the medical industry. After the People‘s Republic of China was founded, the practice of giving and receiving red packet, to a large extent, disappeared because of the establishment of the planned economic system.However, since the country‘s reform and opening up began, the red packet has appeared again in the medical health industry. This reappearance is mainly because that the economic reform has been a gradual process with different emphases at different stages. Before the burden of expenditure on medical institutions and public health welfare has been lifted from the shoulders of public finance, market elements have already entered the management of medical institutions and made room for the popularization of “red packets”.     

On the Relation among Language Culture and Colors

Language, color and culture have close links with each other. Although it seems that they do not relate with each other at all at first glance. In general, culture consists of everything in the world, so human beings and language they created are parts of culture, more precisely, are two important ones. There are many different kinds of colors. Color is closely related to people＇ s life. In human language, the color words are frequently used, and endowed with plentiful emotion and cultural connotation. In both Chinese and English, the words of different colors are abundant. We should pay attention to not only their own basic meaning but also the deeper symbolic meaning. Due to the respective cultural background and tradition, people＇ s feeling and expression to the color are not the same, so the symbolic meaning of color can produce great difference between Chinese and western culture. This paper is to make a contrastive study of some major difference in color words.     

Measuring job satisfaction of employees in Chinese state-owned and privately-owned enterprises： An empirical study

This empirical study, using the data collected from 919 participants of nine Chinese companies, investigates employees＇ job satisfaction in terms of present status, differences among demographic groups, and differences between state-owned enterprises （SOEs） and privately-owned enterprises （POEs）. Key findings include： （1） employees show a moderately high level of overall job satisfaction; （2） employees with older age and lower education tend to have higher levels of job satisfaction; （3） employees in POEs have a higher level of job satisfaction than employees in SOEs. Discussions and implications are provided.     

The Evolutionary Game Model of Enterprise Competition Strategy Considering Market Share

In this paper, we analyze the limitation of rationality, and on basis of Cournot model, we give a Cournot model with double objectives considering market share （output）, and divide the enterprise competition into two stages： the first stage, the Cournot competition game with double objectives considering market share; the second stage, the evolutionary game based on Nash equilibrium strategy. In an indirect evolutionary approach, we obtain the Evolutionary Stable Strategy （ESS） of CE model, analyze and compare the different results of C model and CE model derived from different hypotheses. CE model is an extensive form of conventional Cournot model, whose structure and equilibrium result is helpful to give more effective explanation and forecast to actual situation. The study approach in this paper, to some extent, is generally applicable to other game models.     

禀赋获得方式影响被试行为是否存在性别差异:来自自然现场实验的证据

本文采用独裁者博弈(dictator game)实验,研究白得和挣得的实验初始禀赋对被试实验行为的影响是否存在性别差异。我们将标准的独裁者博弈实验改装成现实中常见的慈善捐款活动,从而将普通的实验室实验转变为自然现场实验(natural field experiment)。在该实验中,被试意识不到自己在参加科学研究,从而会表现出自己在自然状态下的常态行为。实验结果表明,白得的初始禀赋能够显著地提高被试捐出禀赋的比例。在实验初始禀赋从白得到挣得的过程中,男性和女性被试捐赠行为的变化没有显著区别。     

Colors and its Expressions between English and Chinese

Scientific research indicates that seven million kinds of colors can be found in the world. However, color expressions are only limited to seyeral hundreds in classification People＇s actual life is closely related to color. There are many color expressions which reflect different culture psychologiesand emotional colorings both in Chinese and English. Color is a kind of vis＇ual effect. Because the mankindhas the same physiological mechanism and vision nerotic the color words areno different in essence, theoretically. However, because of various language culture, historical background, religious belief, mode of thinking, aesthetic temperament and mterest etc. in different nationality, people＇s impression of color and expression are different, and the associative meaning produced by the color has nothing in common with each other. There are different and various color words and expressions in English and Chinese. Sometimes it is diffcuh to find equivalent expression in one lanmaae. This paper discusses the difference between EngLish and Chmase color works by means of contrast indicating that due to different language habits, historic background and traditional customs and so on. There for it is useful to study and know the differences and is inductiv to overcoming cultural bgrridrs and promoting the cross-cultural communication.     

Measuring the Quality of Life in the Workplace （QLW） Through Job Diagnostic Survey （JDS）： Comparative Study on Two Legal Nature Differentiated Organizations

The article presents a theoretical-empirical reflection about concepts, models, and practices of Quality of Life at Work （QLW） in organizations of different legal nature. The initial proposition of the research suggested that private organizations, that are more susceptible to competitive pressures in the market for resources and the uncertainties regarding the employability tend to have worse indicators of QLW than the public organizations that exhibit greater control over their influx of resources and greater stability in jobs that are offered. The literature review included the concepts and models of QLW as well as the characteristics and application methodology of the Job Diagnostic Survey （JDS）, and your score on Task Motivational Potential （TMP）, as instruments of evaluating the dimensional indicators of QLW in organizations. In methodological terms, we proceeded to a multiple case study comparative, supported by the application of the reduced version of JDS, through its questionnaire that has already been validated in previous studies in two organizations, a private foundation supporting university and a public company of electricity supply, both located in the State of Amazonas-Brazil. The research findings using the JDS instrument indicated failed to detect significant differences between the scores of TMP between the two organizations, nor any robust correlation between their respective legal personalities and environments of institutional performance. Nevertheless, the small differences found suggest a framework of indicators of QLW slightly more favorable to the foundation of university support.     

Game analysis on enterprise technological innovation

In 21^st century, the world economy has developed to a brand-new stage, and enterprises competition has formed a new trend. At the same time, technological innovation has already become the most important foundation of the core enterprise competitiveness. In China, there are more than 22 million enterprises with different scales. Although they contribute a lot to the economic development of China, their survival and development meet gigantic challenges in the intense international competition. Therefore, it is vitally significant seeks the impulse of technological innovation and enhances the international competitiveness in order that the enterprise can make the new contribution to Chinese economic development. Through describing the present enterprises＇ scale, quantity and contribution, this paper puts forward the game question of studying technological innovation motives and costs in enterprises with different scales. Based on examples, it analyzes advantages and disadvantages of large, medium and small-sized enterprises to take technological innovation, finds out i.he Nash equilibrium between static games and infinitely repeated games, and draws the conclusion that technological innovation is necessary for medium and small-sized enterprises keeping their existence in drastic competitive market, and the large innovation is the great impulse pushing economic development. In the drastic international competition, it is very urgent for enterprises with different scales to establish and implement effective development strategy of technological innovation. The paper not only brings forward that large, medium and small-sized enterprises should adopt co-petition strategies in technological area, associating complementary and benefit from each other in order that they can achieve innovative corporation, specialization, formalization and standardization, but considers the associated innovation with win-win target. The inevitable best choice keeping different scale enterprises continually develop in the future.     

Understanding Business Relationship Management in China： A Power and Leverage Perspective

This paper examines whether a power and leverage perspective, successfully applied to analyse extended buyer-supplier relationships in a western context, can be used to analyse business relationships in China. A single embedded case study is presented in this paper and a power and leverage approach is used to analyse business relationships. The power and leverage perspective is applicable for investigating buyer-supplier relationships in a Chinese cultural context. However, in this context using power as coercion is an extremely counterproductive relationship management strategy, which can draw both buyers and suppliers in to a ＂no-win＂ or negative sum situation. The findings are based upon a single case, which makes drawing generalisable conclusions more difficult. In addition, although every effort was made to limit the subjectivity of the power and relationship analysis, researcher interpretation of the data was required. In the Chinese business context, it may not be advisable to manage any relationships in an arms-length manner. Chinese business networks are centred on less explicit or formal power relationships and therefore companies that have learnt the rules of the game of exchange in the west need to modify their approach in China. This work extends the understanding of buyer-supplier relationships and provides additional empirical evidence validating a power and leverage perspective. In addition, the paper provides the first assessment of whether this approach can be used in a non-western context without significant modification.     

Research of public policy-making and marketing effect --Taking Taiwan＇s consumption voucher for example

Public policy-making is usually subject to influence from environmental factors at home and abroad, and ＂crisis＂ is often the key point for public policy to be listed as the important objective of government policy. In order to deal with the global financial tsunami in 2008, Taiwan government puts forward a number of public policies to revitalize the economy, and issuance of consumption voucher is one of the most important plans. It will cost NT$ 82.9 billion to issue consumption voucher, which is a large sum. It is worth evaluation of whether these paying taxes are used properly. Therefore, this research is to test the effectiveness from two levels： public policy-making and marketing management of public policy. The research results indicate that the public policy-making process is very rigorous and the marketing management shows a good effect, people generally think it as a benevolent policy. The high level of exposure makes the consumer confidence index rise and contributes to the positive improve effect of tax revenue. Besides, consumption voucher also promotes other effects, such as enhance Taiwan＇s international visibility, help the needy, replacement of the new identity card, catch the wanted suspect, etc. In a word, Taiwan government made a right decision to issue the consumption voucher and has made brilliant achievements in it.     

Dealing with the Contagion： China and India in the Aftermath of the Subprime Meltdown

What began as a downturn in the US housing sector in the summer of 2007 had mushroomed into a global financial crisis by September 2008： the most severe since the 1930s. Developing countries, including China and India, at first seemingly sheltered from the worst of the turmoil, have not been immune to the contagion＇s spillover effects. What are China and India＇s precise vulnerabilities, and what can each do to better insulate their economies from the vagaries of global financial marker turmoil？ Equally important, what long-term strategies must each country adopt to make their economies more resilient to global market downturns？     

Intercultural Competency Development in Conjunction With a Short Term Study Away Experience： Changes in Undergraduate Students

The purpose of this research was to examine whether undergraduate business students who participated in a short term study abroad course and intercultural competence building coursework demonstrated a significant increase in intercultural competence over those who only enrolled in the study abroad course. The 20 participants attended a small liberal arts College in Midwestern United States. The Intercultural Development Inventory （IDI） was administered to the participating students before and after their study away experience. The IDI （v.3） is based on the theoretical framework of the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity （DMIS） introduced by Milton Bennett. The DMIS is based on the assumption that intercultural competence can be strengthen through the development of intercultural knowledge and experience with people from other cultures. The IDI has been used in numerous scholarly studies and has demonstrated valid and reliable results. It is a self-administered 50-item series of statements in which participants are asked to rate the level of their agreement with statements that address their relationship to and evaluation of cultural difference. In the model, people progress in a linear developmental fashion through six stages： defense, denial, polarization, minimization, acceptance, and adaptation. This study was designed to determine if students who studied away and completed intercultural coursework （prior intercultural knowledge and an intercultural experience） would increase their level of intercultural competency more than those students who just studied away （intercultural experience only） as measured by the change in their IDI scores. The results of this small sample show that intercultural coursework in conjunction with a short term study away experience can have a positive impact on individual intercultural development.     

Exploring China's Potential Child Poverty

This paper estimates child poverty in China using 20IS data from the China Household Income Project.Applying the Alkire-Foster drawer approach,we constructed a multidimensional poverty indicator system that accounted for multiple factors contributing to a child's development and well-being,based on which we estimated multidimensional poverty experienced by children.Children s poverty varied by age,gender,rural/urban settings,and geographic region.By extending the Alkire-Foster drawer approach,two important features of child poverty in China were found,which had normally been neglected by per capita poverty measures:poor children in nonpoor families and unequal allocations to different children within the same families.The results showed that more than 40 percent of multidimensionally poor children lived in nonpoor families.Unequal resource allocation within families was observed in half of the families.These two features of child poverty require more policy attention and the Chinese government should prioritize addressing multidimensional child poverty.     

Study on American television news magazine program gt;

With the heat of 60 minutes, television news magazine program came into people＇s eyes and caused a trend of broadcasting news in a news magazine way. The New York Times has called it ＂one of the most esteemed newsmagazines on American television,＂ News magazine program is one of the most important TV program in deep report. It uses the comprehensive arrangement method of magazine, the television dissemination superiority and the method of comment and telling stories and puts different style and content of the news section of small columns together according to column purpose to complete the whole program, which is broadcasted in the fLxed column and time. Among them, the host plays a prominent role. The form of the program takes advantage of special reports and focuses on collecting dynamic news and in the meantime it overcomes their disadvantages. TV news programs focus more on dramatic plot news events and care more about the subjective judgment by the details of the event selection and the expression of picture language to reflect the view of the reporters. This form of program often let the audience understand the conflict of good and evil, beauty and ugliness and naturally accept the value standard that the reporters want to convev.