“雨露计划”带来了农民增收、农村经济的大发展

随着农村经济的发展,农村剩余劳动力就业成为了“十一五”扶贫工作的一项重要工作。星子县“十一五”期间有12个重点扶贫村。农村贫困、劳动力富余、经济发展缓慢是扶贫村的一个共同特点。星子县扶贫办按照“十一五”扶贫发展纲要,紧扣劳动力转移培训这一民生工程不放松,     

“九五”就业工作指导方针已定

我国“九五”期间就业工作的任务和指导方针已经确定。 劳动部主管就业工作的负责人最近介绍,“九五”期间,我国劳动力供大于求的矛盾依然存在,就业形势十分严峻。“九五”时期,就业工作的主要任务是:积极拓宽就业渠道,努     

2008年中国就业形势及对策建议

劳动和社会保障部预测：“十一五”期间，城乡新成长劳动力年均达2000万人。全国城镇每年新增劳动力1000万人，加上需要就业的下岗失业人员和其他富余和剩余转移人员，每年需要安排就业的达2400万人。从劳动力的需求看，按照经济增长保持8％至9％的速度，每年可新增800～900万个就业岗位，加上补充自然减员，可安排就业1200万人左右，年度劳动力供求缺口仍在1200万人左右。     

就业工作面临五大挑战

“十一五”期间，我国的就业工作仍然面临着十分严峻的形。当前我国就业压力越来越大，主要表现在五个方面。     

制造业机会来自产业升级

“十一五”时期我国可能继续“十五”中后期工业化加速发展的势头虽然对目前产业结构中制造业尤其重化工业过重的指责不绝于耳,产业结构调整也势在必行,但作为创造GDP、出口额和就业职位最多的部门,“十一五”期间制造业仍然人们关注的话题。     

农村富余劳动力城市就业中的问题及建议

农村富余劳动力转移就业和城镇新增劳动力就业问题是“十一五”时期的发展目标和主要任务之一。因此,探索如何积极推进城乡统筹就业,逐步建立城乡统一的劳动力市场和公平竞争的就业制度,改善农民工进城就业环境,怎样加强劳动力市场建设等成为需要认真研讨的内容。本文正是以此为线索结合我区实际情况,对农村富余劳动力城市就业中遇到的一些问题进行分析并提出相关建议     

新的增长点——第三产业就业

据劳动部分析,“九五”期间我国就业形势严峻,城镇“九五”期间包括农转非、富余人员、上年结转的失业人员共计5400万劳动力需要解决就业,就业岗位有3800万。在加强宏观调控的条件下,要争取到4000万人就业,失业率指标控制在4％。     

我国目前再就业的基本思路

目前,我国城乡大约存在着１．６亿左右的“隐性失业”或不充分就业的劳动力,约占就业总量的２６％。据有关部门预测,“九五”期间由于劳动年龄人口不断上升和国民经济结构调整等原因,“九五”期间需要安置的富余劳动力仍有１．６－１．８亿左右。这里的富余劳动力即“...     

对我国劳动力转移和再就业的思考

劳动力转移和再就业问题是个比较复杂的世界性难题。随着我国经济实行“软着陆”成功,特别是物价涨幅明显回落,通货膨胀得到有效抑制,就业问题已成为当前乃至今后更长一段时期我国面临的一个重要的社会经济问题。 我国劳动力再就业面临的形势 从我国目前的实际情况看,就业问题包括城镇就业问题和农村剩余劳动力转移问题。农村需要转移的剩余劳动力,若按照规模经营和机械化生产的标准计算,“九五”期间我国农村至少有一亿以上的劳动力需要转移。城     

“十一五”期间重庆经济和社会发展应解决的五大问题

根据重庆经济社会发展现状，结合未来发展要求，在“十一五”期间重庆发展和全面建设小康社会进程中面临经济增长动力不足、体制障碍、资源与生态环境压力大、劳动力素质低与就业容量不够、对外沟通联系不畅等重大制约问题，应重点关注和着力研究解决。     

新形势下促进高校毕业生就业的几点思考

文章针对当前高校毕业生就业竞争激烈的形势,从营造环境、构建体系、推进创新、能力培养等方面提出了促进就业的对策措施.     

优化制度安排破解大学生就业困局

大学生就业难问题不仅是一个经济问题,更是一个社会问题。其根源主要在于大学毕业生劳动力成本缺失、经济产业结构与大学生就业失衡、大学生就业保障制度缺失、就业制度激励功能弱化。文章认为,破解大学生就业困局的出路关键在优化制度的安排,即构建资本积累与劳动效益的平衡机制,创新产业政策,建立完善大学生就业保障制度,强化就业制度激励功能。     

高校就业指导教育面临的问题及对策研究

大学生就业指导教育问题,已日趋成为影响高校毕业生顺利就业的一个重要因素,因此正确分析大学生就业指导教育所面临的问题,并针对这些问题和大学生的实际情况,采取积极有效的措施,教育和引导他们走出就业困境,对提高学生就业质量和数量,推动和促进毕业生成功就业具有重要意义。本文对大学生就业指导教育面临的问题及其成因进行了论述,并提出了相应对策,以期为大学生就业问题提供参考。具有较重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

地方院校大学生就业促进对策研究

21世纪最需要的是人才,而且是适应社会发展,满足市场需要的高素质人才。然而,目前我们培养出来的大学生普遍意识落后,实践能力差,创新意识不强等,就业形势不容乐观。对普通地方高校毕业生就业问题的研究有利于深化高校教育教学体制改革,更有利于大学生的就业与成才。本文将从分析当前大学生就业形势入手深入分析,并针对普通地方高校毕业生如何开发就业能力提出一些相应的对策。     

Non-regular employment over the life-cycle: Worker flow analysis for Japan

Over the past few decades, Japan has seen a steady increase in non-regular employment. We use Japanese Labour Force Survey microdata to construct, for workers disaggregated by age, gender, education, and marital status, flows among different labor market statuses. Our analysis finds that the probability of finding and retaining a regular job varies substantially with education level and especially with marital status. In particular, college graduates, and within each gender, married males and never married females, are most strongly attached to regular employment.     

农村劳动力外出就业能力培训体系建设研究

农村劳动力外出就业能力培训是我国农村人力资源开发的重要内容。在当前农村劳动力外出就业能力普遍较低的情况下,通过就业能力培训促进其就业能力的提高具有重要的意义。本文从目前农村劳动力外出就业能力的现状出发,提出了以适应市场经济的职业技能培训、发展农村职业教育和创新就业培训机制为主要内容的农村劳动力外出就业能力培训体系的建设。     

What determines employment opportunity for college graduates in China after higher education reform?

Using the 2005 placement data from two separate colleges, this paper studies graduate job allocation in China after higher education reform. Other things being equal, graduates with better college GPA were more likely to be employed (in particular by high-pay foreign firms) in both colleges. Female advantage in GPA helped to produce a surprising gender employment gap favoring female graduates. Our empirical evidence does not support the three alternative hypotheses of such a gap. Even though the job-market returns to GPA might be higher for women, there is some weak evidence that the job-market preferred male graduates over their female peers with similar qualifications. Pre-college urban hukou status and a proxy of father's education had positive impacts on a graduate's educational and employment outcomes. There is no evidence that father's Communist Party membership mattered.     

Putting trained labour power to work: the dilemma of education and employment

Demographic factors and educational changes are producing, in many less developed countries, a "pushdown effect" in which recent graduates are forced to take jobs that would earlier have been filled by those with less education. In Indonesia, for example, 1990 senior high school graduates will have to take jobs that were filled by junior high school graduates in 1980 as a result of increases in the supply of educated manpower. While the increase in employment positions in Indonesia is under 5%/year, the number of graduates from junior high school, senior high school, and universities is exceeding this increase. Each year, there is an excess of 2.60 junior high school graduates and 3.83 senior high school graduates/1000 labor force in terms of availability of the types of jobs filled by people with these educational qualifications in 1980. The pushdown effect has further resulted in a fall in the educational differential of income. Between 1976-86, earnings for employees with less than a primary school education quintupled while those for employees with college degrees did not even triple. The presence of large numbers of disillusioned, overqualified workers in the labor force is a potential source of social unrest and there is a need for serious attention to the changing relationship of job and educational status. Possible solutions to this discrepancy include: expansion of the economy; restructuring of economic workers; reorientation of the educational system to enhance the productivity of graduates; raising the status of employment in agriculture and rural small industry; and acceptance by the labor force that the pushdown effect is an inevitable stage of the development process.     

What Does a High School Diploma Get You? Employment, Race, and the Transition to Adulthood

We compare the employment of African American and white youth as they transition to adulthood from age 18 to 22, focusing on high school graduates and high school dropouts who did not attend college. Using OLS and hazard models, we analyze the relative employment rates, and employment consistency, stability, and timing, controlling for a number of factors including family income, academic aptitude, prior work experience, and neighborhood poverty. We find white high school graduates work significantly more than all other youth on most measures; African American high school graduates work as much and sometimes less than white high school dropouts; African American dropouts work significantly less than all other youth. Findings further suggest that the improved labor market participation associated with a high school diploma is higher over time for African Americans than for white youth.     

The Rising Supply of College Graduates and Declining Returns for Young Cohort: The Case of Korea

Abstract

This study analysed the effect of an increase in the supply of youth college graduates, in terms of the return on education. The rate of return on education in Korea substantially dropped from 1983 to 1994. Since then, however, the declining trend of the rate of return on education stopped and turned upward. The rate of return has declined especially for college graduates, and such a decline has been most prominent for young cohorts, among college graduates, since 1987. The observed trend of the rate of return appears to be related to the sharp increase of labour supply of college graduates since the mid 1980s.

The elasticity of substitution between education levels and age groups was estimated in this study, using a generalized demand-supply model. The effects of relative supply of college graduates (as a whole and by age) on the relative wages of college graduates by age were analysed under the assumption of constant skill-biased technological change. As it turned out, the relative college graduates’ labour supply of each age group had large bearings upon relative wages of each corresponding group, while the relative labour supply of all college graduates did not. It implies that labour is an imperfect substitute, not only between education levels but also between age groups.

Thus, as youth college graduates’ supply increases, there needs to be a corresponding demand increase for them, to avoid the drop in the wage or employment level for them. Therefore, to tackle with the issues of youth labour market, such as youth unemployment, separate policies targeting the youth group are called for.