跨国公司内部贸易与全球一体化经营

一体化经营是当前跨国公司的突出特征,而内部贸易在其中发挥着重要的桥梁作用.本文由GE跨国经营实际引出跨国公司的内部贸易,并通过分析跨国公司内部贸易的发展历程,总结与分析了其各种具体形式,在此基础上,阐明跨国公司内部贸易与其全球一体化经营的关系,最后通过展示跨国公司内部贸易在中国和世界范围内的规模,阐明深入研究这一问题的理论意义和现实意义.     

基于会计相关性的企业内部报告地位与价值

本文从会计相关性对内部报告的需求出发,首先探讨了企业内部报告的内涵,明确了企业内部报告与外部报告的关系,以及企业内部报告的主导地位。在此基础上,分别从企业内部报告与管理会计创新,企业内部报告与财务报告变革,企业内部报告与内部控制实施,企业内部报告与财务分析发展,企业内部报告与公司理财完善五个方面,论述了企业内部报告的理论价值与应用价值。随着企业内部报告体系的建立,管理会计将从基于会计的管理转向基于管理的会计;财务报告的变革将以内部报告创新为基础;内部控制实施的信息将更加系统;财务分析将从基于投资者的财务分析发展到基于管理者经营的财务分析;公司理财将更加注重资本经营、资产经营、商品经营和产品经营的协调统一。     

基于管理会计的内部报告体系构建

从管理会计的角度出发,首先论述了内部报告的设计原则,继而分析了内部报告体系基础,并以此为基础。针对内部报告体系中的“预测决策内部报告”和“规划控制内部报告”的构建,进行较为详细的探讨。     

跨国公司内部贸易问题探讨

跨国公司内部贸易是指产品、原材料、技术与服务在同一家跨国公司的母公司与国外子公司之间以及国外子公司之间的跨国流动。跨国公司内部贸易既具有公司内部商品调拨特征，又具有一般国际贸易的跨国流动特征，是一种特殊国际贸易。随着跨国公司发展，跨国公司内部贸易得到较大发展，已占世界贸易总额的1／3以上。本文借鉴一般国际贸易分析范式，探讨跨国公司内部贸易产生的原因、贸易特征、贸易格局、利益关系等，以求对跨国公司内部贸易有一个较全面的认识。     

跨国公司内部贸易对我国国际收支的影响

经济全球化使跨国公司的发展迅猛,公司内贸易作为跨国公司的重要经营方式也进人了一个非常活跃的时期.加入WTO后,我国对跨国公司的吸引力逐步增加,跨国公司对我国经济的影响也日益加深.因此,研究跨国公司的运作规律意义重大.     

论跨国公司内部转让定价目标

跨国公司制定内部转移价格的根本目标是优化资源配置,充分利用跨国、跨地区的自然、经济、制度和法律资源,以实现企业价值的最大化。同时,处于不同发展阶段的跨国公司,出于其发展战略的考虑,在具体实施其跨国转移战略时,会制定不同的内部转移价格目标。国际转让价格制定的过程是一个成本效益分析的过程。本文主要就跨国公司制定国际转让价格时各种目标取向的得与失、利与弊作粗浅的探讨。一、跨国公司转让定价的原则1. 一致性原则。跨国公司转让定价模式对子公司经营决策产生许多重大影响,包括资本投资决策、对中间产品和最终产品的生产决策…     

跨国公司内部贸易对我国国际收支的影响

经济全球化使跨国公司的发展迅猛,公司内贸易作为跨国公司的重要经营方式也进人了一个非常活跃的时期。加入WTO后,我国对跨国公司的吸引力逐步增加,跨国公司对我国经济的影响也日益加深。因此,研究跨国公司的运作规律意义重大。     

内部控制和内部审计对企业经营管理的影响

目前大多数企业管理者逐渐认识到经营管理过程中内部管理和监督的重要作用。内部控制和审计对企业的经营管理会产生综合影响，加强内部控制力度，做好内部审计工作，是未来竞争和发展的重要手段，也是现代企业立足于国际市场和科技市场的重要途径。     

中国企业在中东跨国经营的政治风险及其规避

自9·11事件以来,恐怖主义风险成为全球跨国经营企业的主要障碍之一。本文将恐怖主义视为一种新型的政治风险,概括了中东恐怖主义产生的背景、特征及其危害,总结了中国企业在中东跨国经营的现状和发展趋势,分析了中东恐怖主义对中国企业跨国经营造成的重大人员伤亡和财产损失,最后就中国企业如何应对恐怖主义提出了对策建议,以使中国企业更好地走出去。     

Financial Reporting Quality,Structural Problems and the Informativeness of Mandated Disclosures on Internal Controls

Even before firms report internal control weaknesses under the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX), they are characterized by structural problems, are prone to internal control weaknesses, and have low financial reporting quality. If the stock market incorporates much of this information during the pre‐disclosure years, investors are less surprised when firms subsequently report internal control weaknesses under SOX. We find that for the pre‐disclosure period, firms reporting internal control weaknesses under SOX, (1) had structural problems, (2) were prone to internal control problems, and (3) had low financial reporting quality. Further, we provide direct evidence that stock prices during pre‐disclosure years incorporate much of the information about structural problems, the likelihood of internal control weaknesses, and low reporting quality. Finally, we find that many of these value‐relevant factors are not related to announcement period returns when firms eventually disclose such problems under SOX and that limited new information about structural problems is generated around this date. Our results provide a compelling explanation for the muted stock price reaction around the mandatory disclosure date.     

征信信息安全管理的国际经验借鉴

征信信息安全管理是征信业务管理的重心.目前,我国征信信息安全管理面临法律法规有待健全、征信信息供需失衡、征信系统接入机构管理水平有待提高、征信信息跨境流动风险日益显现等问题.借鉴日本和韩国征信信息安全管理的成功经验,为加强我国征信信息安全管理,应进一步完善法律法规,强化监督管理,增加征信产品与服务供给,推动金融科技在征...     

Internal Audit Quality and Financial Reporting Quality: The Joint Importance of Independence and Competence

In light of the growing importance of internal audit functions (IAF) and the limited archival evidence on internal audit quality, we examine an interactive model of IAF quality (comprised of competence and independence) to better understand the determinants of IAF effectiveness as a financial reporting monitor. Our tests support the hypothesis that the joint presence of competence and independence is a necessary antecedent to effective IAF financial reporting monitoring. In sum, our results show that, the answer to “what is the effect of internal audit competence (independence) on financial reporting quality?” is “it depends on the independence (competence) of the internal auditor.” Our study extends the understanding of IAF quality determinants in the realm of financial reporting as it relates to ongoing discussions by researchers, standard setters, regulators, and practitioners.     

我国内部控制与公司治理机制的有效对接

内部控制的深层次问题在于我国许多企业缺乏完善、健全的公司治理机制以及有效的公司治理机制与内部控制的互动和对接。因此,只有立足于我国的社会基础、制度体系和文化特征,构筑有中国特色的公司治理机制,才能培育出中国的现代企业。     

Debt Financing and Earnings Management: An Internal Capital Market Perspective

This paper investigates the role internal capital markets play in mitigating earnings management of group firms. We predict that the funding advantages of internal capital markets from business affiliates obscure solvency problems resulting from higher leverage for individual firms within a group, which in turn mitigates their incentives for earnings management. Using Taiwanese firms as a sample, we provide evidence that is consistent with such a prediction. In particular, we show that higher group profitability reduces its member firms’ sensitivity of earnings management to debt levels. Among business groups, earnings management in pyramidal groups is less sensitive to debt levels. We also find that the debt‐abnormal accrual curve becomes smoother as group profitability increases when considering the non‐monotonic relationship between firm leverage and earnings management.     

CAP Forum on E‐Business: Assurance Reporting for XML‐Based Information Services: XARL (Extensible Assurance Reporting Language)*

Extensible business reporting language (XBRL) is an XML‐based method for financial reporting. XBRL was developed to provide users with an efficient and effective means of preparing and exchanging financial information over the Internet. However, like other unprotected data coded in XML, XBRL (document) files (henceforth “documents") are vulnerable to threats against their integrity. Anyone can easily create and manipulate an XBRL document without authorization. In addition, business and financial information in XBRL can be misinterpreted, or used without the organization's consent or knowledge. Extensible assurance reporting language (XARL) was developed by Boritz and No (2003) to enable assurance providers to report on the integrity of XBRL documents distributed over the Internet. Providing assurance on XBRL documents using XARL could help users and companies reduce the uncertainty about the integrity of those documents and provide users with trustworthy information that they could place warranted reliance upon. A limitation of the initial conception of XARL was its tight linkage with the XBRL document and the comparatively primitive approach to codifying the XARL taxonomy. In this paper, we have reconceptualized the idea of XARL as a stand‐alone service for providing assurance on potentially any XML‐based information being shared over the Internet. While our illustrative application in this paper continues to be XBRL‐coded financial information, the code that underlies this version of XARL is a significant revision of our earlier implementation of XARL, is compatible with the latest version of XBRL, and moves XARL into the Web services arena.     

企业金融化、内部控制与审计定价

以2007-2018年我国A股非金融类上市公司为研究对象,探讨并实证检验企业金融化、内部控制与审计定价之间的关系.研究表明:企业金融化与审计定价正相关,内部控制在企业金融化与审计定价之间的正相关关系中发挥负向的调节作用;企业金融化主要是通过影响审计业务复杂度进而影响审计定价;企业金融化对审计定价的正向影响在企业规模越大、受融资约束越高、内部控制缺陷越严重的企业更显著.     

Adoption of Environmental Reporting and Management Practices: An Analysis of New South Wales Public Sector Entities

This paper analyses the level of environmental disclosure and the corresponding adoption of environmental management practices by New South Wales public sector entities in 1996. From the analysis of 35 entities, it was found that the development of environmental management practices and the level of environmental disclosure were significantly associated. The results suggest that entities were responding to increased political visibility through higher levels of environmental disclosure, however they were also responding through the development of environmental management practices.     

The Impact of the Management Approach on Segment Reporting

Accounting standard setters have increasingly attempted to align external segment reporting disclosures to a firm's internal reporting structure. We study how this move to the management approach for segment reporting impacted the number of reported segments and the extent of line item disclosures when Australia adopted IAS 14 (revised) and IFRS 8. We find that both standards led to firms disclosing a greater number of segments. An examination of the motives behind the non‐disclosure of segments suggests that segment information was withheld for agency cost reasons. We find only limited support for the proprietary cost motive for non‐reporting of segments. We also document that IFRS 8 led to a reduction in the amount of line item disclosure. Consistent with a proprietary cost explanation, the decrease in disclosure is greatest for firms with a higher number of profitable segments. Our results indicate that the change to the management approach to segment identification is not associated with the properties of analyst forecasts, nor did it lead to increased analyst following.