作为异质性偏好的禀赋效应：来自神经经济学的证据

禀赋效应是主流经济学难以回避的"异象"（Anomalies）,对主流经济学一系列重要的理论假设构成了严峻挑战。过去半个世纪以来,对于禀赋效应是否真实、有效和稳健的存在,在主流经济学家与行为经济学家和实验经济学家之间一直存在着严重的分歧与争论。近10年来,伴随着科学技术的进步以及脑科学、认知神经科学、尤其是神经经济学的发展,研究者们在行为实验的基础上,使用脑成像和脑刺激等先进技术,揭示了禀赋效应与人类大脑神经活动之间的相关关系和因果关系,在神经科学的层面上证实了禀赋效应存在的微观基础。文章将对这些研究成果进行较为全面的回顾与评述,从而为禀赋效应的存在性提供新的科学证据。     

The ‘Earth summit’ and environmental economics: The case of the missing link

While environmentalists insist that economic planning by government should pay much greater attention to the environment, they have tended to ignore environmental economics. This lapse is all the more serious because the conventional economic remedy for environmental degradation is the ‘market solution’. This article reviews the orthodox microeconomic analysis of environmental problems, assesses the shortcomings of the market solution and, in the light of this, outlines the alternative strategy for sustainable development. Some concluding comments are offered on the chances of success in implementing sustainable development in South Africa.     

现行经济学学科设置问题与法律经济学的兴起

通过比较国内外现行经济学学科设置,评述法律经济学的学科定位、学科特征与发展趋势,分析政治经济学、制度经济学与法律经济学的关系,发现在应用经济学一级学科目录下,增设法律经济学这一内容丰富、方兴未艾的金矿学科,已经水到渠成。     

An Austrian view on the middle income trap

This paper intends to give a nuanced interpretation ‘the middle income trap’ in the discussion on China’s economic future. A developing nation gets ‘trapped’ when it reaches a relatively comfortable level of income but cannot take the step into the next level. In this paper, the usually made connection between income trap and the structure of economy is critically examined and the ‘trap’ is interpreted as a bearer of information in itself. According to the Austrian school of economics (Hayek), prices represent the sum of information that is available to the markets. Stagnating incomes will consequentially be read as information concerning the lack of growth of the productivity of the work force and the industry. The ‘middle income trap’ has to be addressed at microeconomic level, focusing on the increase of productivity. Usually, the trap cannot be addressed by government policies, but has to be solved by increased entrepreneurship.     

Publications in mathematical economics and econometrics: ranking of Asian universities and an application of Zipf's law

This paper ranks Asian universities in two related economics fields: mathematical economics and econometrics. Key findings are that Japanese universities dominate in mathematical economics, while Hong Kong universities are fairly evenly balanced in these two specialty areas of quantitative economics. The results of the analysis also show that Zipf's law applies to research-based university rankings.     

关于劳动力转移行为的重新认识——基于西方主流微观人口迁移理论的分析

国内关于劳动力转移的理论多集中于分析劳动力转移的模式和宏观对策,并没有更多地从劳动力本身的角度考虑转移的原因。文章介绍了西方微观人口迁移理论中关于人口流动、转移行为发生的规律和后果的相关内容,而这些内容恰好在微观层面上解释了影响劳动力转移的内在因素和外在因素。文章提出：政府应按照“以人为本”的原则制定有效政策,并以提高劳动力素质为切入点,来解决农村劳动力转移的新思路。     

Does Crime Pay? A Classroom Demonstration of Monitoring and Enforcement

This article presents a classroom game in which students choose whether or not to comply with pollution regulations. By varying the level of monitoring and fines for noncompliance, the game shows students how the probability and severity of enforcement affects incentives for compliance. The game can be adapted for settings other than environmental regulation and can be used in a variety of classes including regulation, law and economics, environmental economics, public economics, or economics of crime classes. It can easily be conducted in a 50-minute class period.     

Easterlin revisited: Relative income and the baby boom

This paper reexamines the first viable and a still leading explanation for mid-twentieth century baby booms: Richard Easterlin's relative income hypothesis. He suggested that when incomes are higher than material aspirations (formed in childhood), birth rates would rise. This paper uses microeconomic data to formulate a measure of an individual's relative income. The use of microeconomic data allows the researcher to control for both state fixed effects and cohort fixed effects, both have been absent in previous examinations of Easterlin's hypothesis. The results of the empirical analysis are consistent with Easterlin's assertion that relative income influenced fertility decisions, although the effect operates only through childhood income. When the estimated effects are contextualized, they explain 12% of the U.S. baby boom.     

腐败问题研究的理论回顾及展望

关于腐败问题的研究是一个横跨政治学、经济学、法学等多个领域的、生动的研究主题。文章详细阐释了腐败的含义,从寻祖理论、委托代理理论、合谋理论、法经济理论、制度经济理论等五个方面回顾了关于腐败问题研究的重要理论视角,并在综述反腐败问题的文献基础上分析了腐败治理问题的思路。针对研究的现状,提出了可以作为研究视角的议题以及未来的研究方向,如社会声誉和腐败、分权和腐败、更多的经济治理方式选择、更多的实证和其他视角等。     

人力资本——从经济理念向法律理念的转变

人力资本理论发源于经济学,随着这一理论对法学特别是公司资本法律制度影响的日益深入,从经济学向法学引入人力资本理论就显得迫在眉睫,而其中的首要任务就是对人力资本的法律概念和法律属性进行分析和界定,以完成人力资本理论从经济理念向法律理念的转变。本文即是从经济学角度出发,对人力资本的法律概念进行了初步的探讨,分析了人力资本与劳动力的区别及其人力资本的法律属性,试图为人力资本理论在法学中的应用和完善铺平道路。     

Economic theory and ideology inMarx and modern economic analysis Giovanni A. Caravale,editor Edward Elgar, 1991, 512 pp.

The collection of essays edited by Giovanni Caravale has the explicit aim of letting the reader know the principal positions that have characterized the long-lasting debate in the themes of Marxian economics. In particular, the book is concerned with the contributions of those authors who recognize the relevance of Piero Sraffa's analysis for the interpretation of Marxian economic thought, showing that, even among these authors, opinions on the topic are deeply different. The book consists of two volumes: the first one, "Values, Prices and Exploitation," deals with the main theme of Marxian value theory, while the second, "The Future of Capitalism and the History of Thought," deals with discussion of the law of the falling rate of profit and of the role of Marx's theory in the history of economic thought.     

Homeownership, committed expenditure risk, and the stockholding puzzle

Kimball (1991) showed that consumers who face an unavoidablerisk will display 'temperance', meaning that they will increasetheir holdings of safe assets. In principle, temperance couldprovide an explanation for the stockholding puzzle, which isthe microeconomic manifestation of the equity premium puzzle.Previous work has shown that the temperance effect induced bylabor income uncertainty is too small to explain the stockholdingpuzzle. This paper finds that committed expenditure risk associatedwith homeownership induces enough additional temperance to explainthe puzzle.     

Models of disequilibrium and shortage in centrally planned economies Christopher Davis and Wojciech Charemza,editors Chapman and Hall,London and New York, 1989, 501 pp.

Portes applied the econometric disequilibrium model of market economies to Centrally Planned Economies (CPEs) to show that the consumer goods sector was in equilibrium. Kornai considered these models inapplicable to CPEs and regarded CPEs as chronic shortage economies. Arguments on both sides of the debate are presented in this book. The conflict between Portes and Kornai lies in their microeconomic view of CPEs. While Portes acknowledges the welfare loss from shortages, Kornai analyzes and emphasizes it. Portes' view implies that changes in relative prices can reestablish equilibrium in CPEs. Kornai disagrees because CPEs do not respond to price changes like market economies. Only total reform, now attempted in many transition economies, can eliminate the imbalances.     

The Economics Olympics: Ranking U.S. Economics Departments Based on Prizes,Medals, and Other Awards

This study ranks the top 25 U.S. economics departments on the basis of four prestigious awards won/held by these departments' current faculty: the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, the John Bates Clark Medal, the American Economic Association's (AEA's) Distinguished Fellow Award, and the American Economic Association's Richard T. Ely Lecturer. Based on our methodology, the top economics department is affiliated with the University of Chicago. This distinction stems from its affiliation with six Nobel Prize winners, four Clark Medal winners, and two participants each in the AEA Distinguished Fellow and Richard T. Ely Lecturer categories.     

Shifting the mainstream: Lawson's impetusEconomics and Reality tony lawson routledge, 1997, 364 pp.

Lawson'sEconomics and Reality is a deeply informed attempt to liberate economics from its usually tacit, metaphysical presuppositions inherited from Newtonian physics and enlightenment epistemology. Lawson fears that the economics profession faces declining prosperity due to its decreasing public credibility and the increasing annexation of its traditional ground of inquiry by other disciplines. Lawson's book attempts to revamp economic methodology in order to reverse these trends. This article examines the recent philosophical ideas informing Lawson's project, considers his critique of contemporary economics, and relates his ideas for reform to those of other economists.     

现行科技税收政策的经济分析及其选择

本文对新经济与传统经济在宏微观上进行了比较分析 ,将有助于对新经济内涵的理解。     

'Lead Bonus Happy': Profit-Sharing, Productivity and Industrial Relations in the Broken Hill Mining Industry, 1925–83

Economic and labour historians have thus far shown little interest in analysing the operation and impact of variable, performance-based payment systems in Australia. This is particularly so of collective forms of performance-based remuneration such as profit-sharing. This article assesses the operation and impact of Australia's oldest continuous profit-sharing scheme, the Broken Hill 'lead bonus'. Outcomes are assessed against three broad sets of management objectives: economic, cultural/ideological, and industrial. The study argues that whilst the bonus effectively cushioned company labour costs during periods of depressed market demand and metal prices, outcomes at a microeconomic level were negative. Prior to the advent of sustained high inflation, high bonus earnings served to negate the productive potential of the industry's system of small-group payment by results. Productivity growth emanated mainly from management-driven changes in mining techniques and technology, the intensity of which was related inversely to the lead price and, hence, bonus payments. The study concludes that management's continued adherence to the bonus system was motivated less by microeconomic or cultural/ideological considerations than by its perceived value as a counter to major industrial disruption.     

技术溢出、技术创新和对外贸易——基于一般均衡视角的一个理论分析框架

文章从微观经济主体的最优化行为出发构建模型,分析技术溢出对技术创新等的影响发现:在封闭经济条件下,创新部门对非创新部门技术溢出的变化对实际工资和消费具有正向效应,而对技术创新的影响则取决于产品替代弹性的大小。在开放经济条件下,任一国技术溢出的变化均会对两国的实际工资和消费产生正向效应;外国对本国技术溢出的变化,对两国的技术创新均具有正向效应,一国创新部门对非创新部门技术溢出的变化会对另一国的技术创新具有正向效应,但对其国内技术创新的影响则取决于产品替代弹性的大小;两国经济地位的变化取决于两国技术进步速度对比的变化。     

Papua New Guinea: longer term developments and recent economic problems

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has much to learn from the Indonesian economic experience of coping with one booming sector while creating an environment in which the economy could generate jobs. PNG's macroeconomic policy adjustments to the boom-bust cycles which characterise its economy work extremely well by comparison to most other developing countries experiencing the same difficulties. At the microeconomic level, policy improvement has been harder, with the rhetoric far out-distancing the actual advances. The challenge is to improve the productivity of the agricultural sector, to raise the education levels, and to attract investment to provide employment. At present the investment environment is bleak because of the deteriorating law and order situation.