商业案例、教学案例和案例研究的关系

针对目前我国案例研究规范性不足的现状,本文从商业案例、教学案例和案例研究论文的角度出发,分别探究三种案例的本质以及它们之间的逻辑关系,并对未来的案例研究提出了以下建议：作为案例研究的基础,要重视商业案例;掌握将商业案例改编为教学案例的技巧;将案例研究和统计分析结合使用,以得出更加科学可信的研究结论。     

Management initiatives and just-in-time manufacturing

Numerous benefits have been claimed for firms that implement just-in-time (JIT) approaches to manufacturing. While a fair number of Western firms have been successful at such implementations, other firms that could benefit appear to be addressing only a few features rather than the overall philosophy and system. This paper considers whether each of a number of management initiatives is necessary for the implementation of just-in-time manufacturing. A case-based research methodology was used for theory testing at six plants, each which claimed to be implementing just-in-time manufacturing. Data were obtained via interviews, questionnaires, direct observation, and collection of documents. Of six management initiatives considered, four were supported as necessary conditions for both JIT flow and JIT quality, as well as for employee involvement. These four are: (1) promotion of employee responsibility, (2) provision of training, (3) promotion of teamwork, and (4) demonstration of visible commitment. The other two management initiatives were rejected as necessary conditions. These are: (1) provision of workforce security, and (2) use of group performance measures. The results also indicated that employee involvement plays a central role in JIT implementation.     

‘Green’ value chain practices in the furniture industry

This paper draws on the results of interviews with five environmental managers in the furniture industry to develop a taxonomy of environmentally-friendly (‘green’) best practices within the operations management value chain. This taxonomy is then extended to develop a group of propositions concerning the role of management in promoting environmentally-friendly practices. The results suggest that in order to be successful, environmental management strategies must be integrated into all stages of the value chain, which includes all of the processes spanning product design, procurement, manufacturing and assembly, packaging, logistics, and distribution. While the potential for environmental performance improvement in all five of the companies is evident, all of them demonstrated ‘pockets’ of environmentally-friendly practices (EFP) in different areas of their respective value chain functions. The propositions and results emerging from the analysis also suggests that reacting to regulations is no longer sufficient. World-class EFP must anticipate and pre-empt changing environmental regulations and customer expectations, and proactively prepare products, processes and infrastructure for these changes without sacrificing competitive advantage.     

多案例与单案例研究的差异与进路安排——理论探讨与实例分析

多案例研究的性质是重复的＂准实验＂。单案例研究与多案例研究存在细微差异,其中最为重要的差异是理论＂一阶抽象＂是否具有收敛性。结论更为可靠、准确,更容易导向定量分析,更有助于增加理解的多样性是多案例研究的明显优势;但开展多案例研究也存在明显的困难与挑战。研究实例分析表明：在多案例研究中可以尝试从＂一阶抽象＂到＂二阶抽象＂的研究进路安排。在案例研究中,想象力与技术安排存在张力,应警惕技术安排对想象力的束缚,在＂技术自觉＂的基础上追求＂理论自觉＂。     

Strategic purchasing and supplier partnerships—The role of a third party organization

This study explored how a credible third party facilitated the development of supplier partnerships. By identifying qualified potential suppliers, serving as a surrogate for legitimacy for supplier firms and providing a market place for the potential partners to meet, the third party organization provided key compensating mechanisms to reduce the power and social distance and overall transaction costs associated with collaborating to effect supplier relationships between the parties. The study contributes to the supply and purchasing literature by integrating the role of third parties into research on buyer–supplier relationships that have so far been viewed predominantly as dyads and by demonstrating how third parties may actually influence relationships between buyers and suppliers. Our findings also provide firms with some guidelines on building successful buyer–supplier partnerships.     

Problems of establishing service supply relationships: Evidence from a high-tech manufacturing company

This paper identifies areas, which may cause problems when establishing service supply relationships. Case research has been conducted within the service division of a global manufacturing company, analysing 11 instances where the company established or attempted to establish a relationship with a supplier to provide services as part of their offering to the end-customer. Four problem areas are identified through inductive case analysis. First, writing legal agreements for service exchanges. Second, clearly specifying service processes to be transferred to suppliers. Third, handing over service delivery to suppliers. Fourth, losing control over the relationship with the customer. These problems expand on already known problems of establishing supply relationships. Suggestions for how the problems may be moderated are also provided.     

上海石化围海造地工程经济效益研究

文章主要通过对历次围海造地工程的调查研究,将科学管理知识与笔者近20年围海造地工程所积累的经验与教训相结合,把感性认识上升到理性认识,为今后的施工实践和理论研究提供参考。     

企业核心竞争优势的培育与提升:战略反思与案例研究——四方车辆研究所转制的分析

企业在市场竞争中取得的成本化的竞争优势策略颇受关注,本文以青岛四方车辆研究所为例对成本核算与管理的几个显性化的问题进行了归纳与分析,对推行成本核算与管理几个约束条件进行了分析,针对改进管理基础的几个薄弱环节,尝试性地提出几点建议。本文也简短地描述了成本会计的发展轨迹,在了解成本会计管理模式演变的过程中,意在给出“白手起家”成本会计的发展规划一条清晰的脉络。     

From supply to demand chain management: efficiency and customer satisfaction

How do companies in the fast-growing industries achieve good customer satisfaction together with efficiency in supply chain management (SCM)? This inductive case study of six customer cases of Nokia Networks, one of the leading providers of mobile telecommunication technology, led to propositions exploring that question. Good relationship between the customer and the supplier contributes to reliable information flows, and reliable demand information flows in turn contribute to high efficiency—these are well-researched issues also in other industry environments. But in a fast-growing systems business such as mobile telecommunications industry, the supplier needs to be able to adapt its offering to a wide variety of customer situations and needs. Understanding the customer’s situation and need together with the right offering contributes to good co-operation in improving the joint demand chain, which further leads to superior demand chain efficiency and high customer satisfaction.     

解决中小企业融资难问题的新视角——融资租赁

中小企业融资难既是一个世界性难题,也是一个长期性问题,解决中小企业融资难的问题,必须不断增加融资渠道,创新融资方式。融资租赁作为一种"融资与融物"一体化的方式,具有其自身的优势,是解决中小企业融资问题的一个有效方式。     

Cross-functional alignment in supply chain planning: A case study of sales and operations planning

In most organizations, supply chain planning is a cross-functional effort. However, functional areas such as sales, marketing, finance, and operations traditionally specialize in portions of the planning activities, which results in conflicts over expectations, preferences, and priorities. We report findings from a detailed case analysis of a supply chain planning process that seemingly weathers these cross-functional conflicts. In contrast to traditional research on this area, which focuses on incentives, responsibilities, and structures, we adopt a process perspective and find that integration was achieved despite formal functional incentives that did not support it. By drawing a distinction between the incentive landscape and the planning process, we identify process as a mediator that can affect organizational outcomes. Thus, organizations may be capable of integration while functions retain different incentives and orientations to maintain focus on their stakeholders’ needs. Through iterative coding, we identify the attributes of the planning process that can drive planning performance—information, procedural, and alignment quality—but also find evidence that achieving alignment in the execution of plans can be more important than informational and procedural quality. In addition to process attributes, we also identify social elements that influenced the performance of the planning process and place the information processing attributes within a broader social and organizational context.