建立征信系统数据质量保障长效机制的探索和思考

本文从征信系统数据质量现状入手,分析了影响数据质量不稳定的主要因素,并就如何建立数据质量长效机制的途径进行了探讨,以期为发挥征信部门分支机构在提高数据质量方面的作用和为第二代征信系统建设提供参考。     

个人征信活动中信用信息的规范利用和法律保护

市场经济的发展总是伴随着信用交易的扩大,而信用交易的基础就是对企业和个人进行征信,并将大量的信用信息加以传播和使用。然而,在个人征信活动中不可避免地会涉及到敏感的个人隐私问题,如何处理好个人信用信息的公开与隐私保护的关系;如何处理好个人征信活动的合法性与可操作     

对陕西省信贷征信机构和征信市场管理的思考与建议

随着社会经济的发展和市场经济的推进,“信用经济”已不再是一个抽象的名词,而与此关联紧密的征信体系日暂成为经济活动链条中不可缺少的一环。特别是改革开放以来,“征信”行为可以看作是建立有序环境的一个基础性工作,如何推动信贷征信机构建设和对征信市场进行管理,现提出一     

开展征信管理审计的难点及对策

目前内审部门对征信业务审计开展较少，征信审计滞后于征信业务发展，人民银行如何延伸审计工作．积极开展征信审计监督尤为重要。     

对我国征信市场监管现状的思考

近年来,我国征信市场发展迅速并已初具规模,但信用法律法规的缺失、征信市场监管主体不明确等问题,影响了征信市场监管的强制力和公信力。本文从加强征信市场监管的角度,探究如何建立适合我国国情的征信市场监管模式．以有效推动我国征信市场健康规范发展。     

《个人信息保护法》中“撤回同意”规则探析

《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》的出台标志着我国进一步强化对个人信用信息的保护,其中“撤回同意”规则对征信业合规提出了更高要求。把握“撤回同意”规则的意义,分析该规则在实际执行中面临的具体问题和对征信业合规的影响,从强化顶层设计、征信合规、培训宣传、多方合作方面提出对策建议,从而使“撤回同意”规则能更好地保护个人信息主体的利益,提升征信业务合规水平。     

征信新规下企业征信市场合规监管和持续发展的路径研究——以安徽省芜湖市为例

2021年12月,人民银行出台了《征信业务管理办法》,在法律法规框架下推动市场化征信机构的有序发展,旨在破解征信市场发展中市场监管存在盲区、业务界定模糊、产品供求不平衡、地方创新隐存风险等问题。新政下,如何管理市场机构、培育征信机构、优化产品供给、落实征信业务合规整改及支持地方金融合规创新,成为当前征信市场合规监管和持续发展的难点和重点。文章以安徽省芜湖市为例,基于重难点,分析所辖征信市场及机构的发展现状,剖析发展过程中存在的问题,总结具体措施及成效,并提出下一步工作路径选择及政策建议。     

西班牙征信体系建设的实践和启示

西班牙在征信市场培育、征信行业管理、征信监管立法等方面进行大量的探索和积极的实践,取得了良好效果.我国应充分借鉴西班牙的经验,结合我国征信行业发展实际,扶持征信产业,加快征信立法,规范征信活动,确保征信信息安全.     

运用大数据建立社会征信体系的途径解析——基于银行业金融机构视角的实例分析

随着征信业务的不断发展,大数据在社会征信体系建设中的作用受到世界各国金融服务及监管当局的重视,运用大数据建立社会征信体系显得十分重要。但如何采集数据、采集哪些数据、如何监管等问题亟待解决。分析商业银行征信报告应用现状,指出建立大数据征信体系的意义,将国内银行业金融机构大数据的应用现状与国内外其他金融机构或行业的大数据应用经验进行对比,提出大数据社会征信体系构建的切入点及监管建议。     

征信业发展中个人权益保护的经验研究——基于美国立法经验与中国实际

当前我国对个人征信业务需求日趋扩大,但由于法律制度的不完善,个人信用侵权行为时有发生,如何在保护个人征信权益和促进征信业发展两者中寻求平衡是征信管理立法的应有之义。本文借鉴美国征信业发展过程中的立法经验,立足我国实际,提出我国征信业发展中保护个人征信权益的相关建议。     

Foreign bank entry and firms’ access to bank credit: Evidence from China

This paper studies the impact of foreign bank entry on domestic firms’ access to bank credit using a within-country staggered geographic variation in the policy of foreign bank lending in China. The paper finds that after foreign bank entry profitable firms use more long-term bank loans; whereas firms with higher value of potential collateral do not. It also finds that non-state-owned firms become able to substitute some trade credit with long-term bank loans. The findings suggest that less opaque firms and non-state-owned firms benefit more from foreign bank entry and that collateral may only play a limited role in mitigating the problem of information asymmetry when creditors’ rights are not well protected in a host country.     

Formal finance and trade credit during China's transition

Using a large panel dataset of Chinese industrial firms, we find that poorly performing SOEs were more likely to redistribute credit to firms with less privileged access to loans via trade credit. While that could be consistent with the efficient redistribution of credit, it is more likely that these SOEs extended trade credit to prop up faltering customers that were in arrears. By contrast, profitable private domestic firms were more likely to extend trade credit than unprofitable ones. Trade credit likely provided a substitute for loans for these firms' customers that were shut out of formal credit markets. As biases in lending become less severe, the allocation of lending became more efficient, and the amount of trade credit extended by private firms declined. Our evidence implies that redistribution of bank loans via trade was not a major contributor to China's explosive growth.     

Data breaches (hacking) and trade credit

This study examines the relationship between data breaches (hacking) and trade credit for U.S. firms. Employing a staggered difference-in-differences approach, we observe that breached firms face shorter payable periods from suppliers than the control group. Data breaches increase the operational risk of breached firms. Suppliers associate high information risk with breached firms. Our findings remain robust to alternative specifications and are more pronounced for firms with no in-house IT expertise and an increased number of stolen records. Overall, our findings suggest that supplier firms become more prudent with the extension of trade credit after data breaches.     

关于利用境外银行融资情况的观察与思考

贸易融资是指银行对涉外企业提供的与进出口贸易结算相关的短期融资或信用便利。银行贸易融资业务的发展,解决了企业资金短缺问题,银行也能从中获取更多盈利。今年以来,随着吉林省涉外企业进出口贸易规模的扩大和跨境人民币业务的发展,银行贸易融资总量大幅增长,本外币结合的跨境贸易融资产品大量涌现,加之境外融资成本相对较低,银行利用海外行资金和价格优势为境内企业融资的代付业务发展迅速,这对跨境资金监测产生了一定的影响,值得关注。     

Domestic and foreign trade credit in the Netherlands an econometric analysis

In this study the determinants of both domestic and foreign trade credit are investigated. Data were obtained from about 1600 industrial firms in The Netherlands with 100 or more employees and covering the period 1957–1971. The main findings are as follows. In the first place, (net) trade credit turns out to be a structural source of funds for the weaker firms in the simple. Secondly, these weaker firms receive more (net) trade credit when monetary policy is tightened (this could be an argument for the authorities to pursue a general monetary policy). Finally, it appears that it is especially the buyer (debtor) who may ‘lead’ or ‘lag’ international payments in the short run.     

On the Determinants and Dynamics of Trade Credit Use: Empirical Evidence from Business Start‐ups

Abstract:   Business start‐ups provide an excellent opportunity for testing various hypotheses on why firms use trade credit. At the time of start‐up, failure risk and financial constraints are typically large. Also, start‐ups have no established relationships with banks and suppliers. The literature has related all these features to trade credit use. Moreover, as firms grow older, these characteristics become less pronounced, allowing us to test the dynamics of trade credit use. We find that start‐ups use more trade credit when financial constraints are large, when suppliers have a financing advantage over banks in financing high‐risk firms, when entrepreneurs value private benefits of control and when transaction costs are important. Furthermore, the dynamic implications of these theories are supported.     

出口信用保险对我国出口贸易作用的实证研究

本文采用2002～2013年我国外贸出口额、8个出口行业和出口到84个国家（地区）的贸易额,以及同期出口信用保险数据作为样本,在扩展引力模型的框架下研究了出口信用保险与我国外贸出口的关系.实证结果表明,出口信用保险在增加出口、推动出口市场多元化、支持有关出口行业发展等方面有较为显著的促进作用;对出口到风险较高的新兴市场国家和地区以及船舶、机电产品等具有较高外部融资需求行业的杠杆作用更为明显.     

The exposure of international banks to cross-country interdependencies: An empirical analysis of overdue claims

We analyze the performance outcomes on UK-owned bank lending to borrowers in 17 foreign countries, 1991–2000. Our analysis is unique in its use of bank-specific data on overdue claims in individual countries. Results indicate that credit repayment in a country can be influenced by exports to, and economic activity in, other countries linked by trading relationships. This extends prior research on bank credit performance from a global perspective to the perspective of interdependencies between countries linked by trade. It also extends research on the international transmission of financial shocks from the analysis of credit quantity to the analysis of credit quality.     

我国对外贸易的FDI与国内银行信贷促进效应的比较分析

关于对外贸易与FDI之间关系的研究有很多,但对于FDI与国内金融部门特别是国内银行信贷在对外贸易的不同影响这个问题上却很少有人作出比较,而本文就是以这个作为研究主题,尝试解决以下几个问题:改革开放以来我国FDI流入与国内银行信贷对对外贸易的作用有何不同?在不同时期内,两者又具有怎么样的不同关系?等等.     

商业信用合同的履行概率,其外部性及现金需求——中国案例

本文测算了商业信用合同违约风险对商业贸易和现金需求的影响。结果显示,外国直接投资企业为其贸易伙伴提供了大量商业信用,而中国的企业,无论是私营,还是国有企业,他们交易实行货到即时付款的比例很高。外国直接投资企业之所以是经济交易中信贷的提供者,是因为他们具有较高的商业信用合同执行技术(contract enforcement technology)。我们还发现商业信用合同的执行技术主要包括贸易物品的竞争力、竞争幅度、与地方政府的关系以及公司治理的性质。一个企业具有较高的合同执行概率,就可能提供大量的商业信用,并获得更大的交易量。合同执行技术对贸易交易量的弹性估计约为2.2。模拟显示如果合同执行概率提高,分布在75%,贸易交易量可增加24%,商业信用规模可增加30%。由于商业信用合约的不完备而导致的经济损失则是巨大的。此外,我们证实,高的商业信用合同执行技术通过商业信用量和交易量的增加而在经济中产生正外部效应。