会计人才能力需求与本科会计教育改革:利益相关者的调查分析

本研究利用焦点团体访谈和问卷调查方法,探讨中国本科会计教育改革的问题。通过对会计师、会计学生和会计教师三类会计教育利益相关者的结构化访谈和问卷调查,研究不同利益相关者在会计毕业生能力项目和会计教学方法两个方面的期望认知。研究结果表明,不同利益相关者之间对部分能力项目和教学方法存在认知差异,教师是否接受海外教育背景对这两类项目的认知差异不显著。根据研究结果,我们分析了其产生的原因以及对中国会计教育改革的启示。     

利益相关者会计行为的分析

本文把利益相关者纳入到会计行为分析的框架中进行分析,认为每一类利益相关者对待会计信息的态度都具有两面性。一方面,每一类利益相关者的经济利益都和会计信息有着密切的联系,自利的本性使他们都有通过操纵会计信息而谋取私利的动机,在条件具备时,这种动机就会转化为实际的操纵会计信息的行为;另一方面,各类利益相关者的经济利益之间存在着相互制约、此消彼长的关系,因此,可能遭受损失的利益相关者就会对其他利益相关者操纵会计信息的行为进行监督。这种两面性说明,每一类利益相关者的利益都可能受到来自其他类利益相关者操纵会计信息的威胁,因此,必须建立利益相关者相互之间进行会计监督的体系。     

管理会计的未来

与传统的财务会计相比,如今,管理会计工作的内容与方式已发生了翻天覆地的变化,管理会计在企业中的作用与意义更是今非昔比。诚然,管理会计的发展有着广阔的空间,但绝非坦途。我们期待迎来管理会计的那片蓝海。     

管理会计的未来

11月14日,全球最大的管理会计组织—英国皇家特许管理会计师公会（CIMA）在上海举行＂中国2012年度颁奖典礼暨CFO高峰论坛＂。当日下午,卡夫食品中国CFO黄瑞龙、上海大众汽车有限公司CFO周江、箭牌中国CFO李景辉、碧水源科技股份有限公司常务副总裁何愿平、CIMA北亚区总裁李颖等,就经济转型期管理会计的发展与应用进行讨论。     

专业会计硕士的发展前景

专业会计硕士的英文全称有三种：Master of Professional Accounting,Masterof Professional Accountants或Master ofProfessional Accountancy。人们经常提及MPA往往指的是公共管理硕士(Master of Public Administration)。为了避免误解，专业会计硕士有时简称为MPAcc。 国外的MPAcc美国是世界上第一个开展MPAcc教育的国家。1948年，美国得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校(The Texas university atAustin)首先开设专业会计硕士课程。经过近五十年的发展，美国MPAcc的培养已逐步发展成一个完善的体系。目前美国有许多所大学(或商学…     

The Diffusion of Tax Effect Accounting in Australia

This paper examines the impact of regulation and earnings management incentives on the evolution of tax effect accounting in Australia. Following the release of the first accounting standard on the issue the method spread roughly equally throughout the mining and industrial sectors. Amendments to the standard, which loosened the recognition criteria for tax loss carry forwards, led to a significant increase in the proportion of companies (particularly industrials) adopting income tax allocation. Subsequent amendments restricting such carry forwards were associated with a significant decline in the proportion of companies allocating tax (particularly miners). We also observe differential financial statement effects between mining and industrial companies and, within both sectors, differential financial statement effects across time. Consistent with the arguments of Leppinus (1977) and Gibson (1984) the adoption of tax effect accounting is, on average, earnings enhancing in the post-DS4 period. However, in the pre-DS4 period, adoption was just as likely to reduce income for industrial companies as it was to increase it. In contrast, adoption was almost uniformly earnings reducing for mining companies. Thus something other than an earnings management hypothesis is needed to explain the voluntary adoption decision of the early (pre-DS4) adopters. We conjecture on the alternatives.     

Accounting Meets Politics: Theoretical Interpretation of Key Events (1940–2003) of the Accounting Profession in Australia

This paper examines some key developments in the Australian accounting profession and the changing nature of the authoritative influence of that profession on accounting and auditing activities. The purpose of this investigation is to demonstrate the shift in power between the political constituent (the government) and the accounting profession. The paper attempts to demonstrate how the corporatist view can help us understand the social nature of accounting and how the accounting profession can gain a greater awareness of this reality .     

Some Implications of IFRS Adoption for Accounting Education

This paper addresses challenges accounting educators face in their teaching following the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We use Australia as an example of a developed nation and 2005 adopter of IFRS, the United States as a potential adopter, and Romania as an emerging economy with a history of harmonisation and adoption initiatives. Accounting educators globally need to strengthen their engagement with the principles‐based approach to teaching IFRS. Teaching resources, educational research and Continuing Professional Development activities related to a principles‐based approach to teaching IFRS are necessary for educators to enrich the learning experience of students given the move from a rules‐based to a principles‐based set of accounting standards.     

Sarbanes-Oxley and the Future of Accounting

Following the Enron debacle, massive public pressure led the United States government to enact the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. While this act was intended to protect investors and improve the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures, it also contained provisions which could have a major impact on the public accounting profession in the United States. It is possible that these effects could extend to Australia, where the public accounting profession is also subject to scrutiny following revelations of corporate misconduct. This paper explores the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act relating to the accounting profession, the reaction of the profession and possible ramifications for public accounting in Australia.     

Accounting for Government Activities in Australia: The State of the Budgets

More considered answers are needed in Australia to key questions about accounting for and managing the role of government. The need for such answers is highlighted by the move to negative net debt and by the underlying fragility of the economy, as well as by the financial cost of election commitments. After a discussion of relevant theoretical and empirical issues, a fiscal strategy for Australia is proposed, as a way of rebuilding the nation's diminished physical, knowledge and social capital in a framework consistent with the most rigorous demands of financial management.     

The Equity Accounting Saga in Australia: Cyclical Standard Setting

Equity accounting in Australia has had a long, chequered history. This article examines that history by reference to a succession of six Exposure Drafts, one Statement of Accounting Practice and two Standards issued between 1968 and 1995. We adapt Nobes' (1991, 1992a. 1992b) cycle model of regulation to explain variation in 'standardization' across these documents. Nobes defined 'standardization' to mean the restriction of choice in accounting methods but we modify the concept to allow for measurement rule 'improvements' and changes in required disclosure levels. Nobes' cycle model has four stages: a starting point of varied practice: energy inputs, often crises, drawing attention to the issue at hand: forces opposing and forces in favour of standardization. A cycle- like pattern of variation in standardization emerges in the present context. Potential shortcomings of the cycle model are addressed, including Skerratt and Whittington's (1992) criticisms of Nobes' cycle model. The article extends the literature with respect to a cyclical explanation of the standard setting process. The cycle pattern evident here reflects a slow and incomplete resolution of various conceptual and legal difficulties in regulating equity accounting in Australia.     

我国会计教育及会计教育研究的现状与对策

会计教育在会计学科建设中的地位已经得到会计学界的认可,而对会计教育进行深入研究的重要意义也日益显现。近几年来,我国会计学界对会计教育的研究取得丰硕成果。本文在简要说明我国会计教育面临的新环境的基础上,对我国会计教育存在的一些问题提出了解决的对策,并就近年来的会计教育研究的特点做了总结,也提出了加强会计教育研究的建议。     

Conjectures on Colonial Accounting History in Australia

This article analyses three current conjectures regarding Australian accounting history between 1788 and 1817. All relate to double entry bookkeeping. First, that it was practised in Australia before 1817: second, that it was introduced to Australia by Lieutenant John Palmer. RN. in 1788: and third, that its teaching in Australia can be traced to the period 1804–6. Additional conjectures are proposed about the introduction of double entry bookkeeping to Australia and the identity of Australia's first double entry accountant. It is argued that the pioneering of double entry bookkeeping in the colony of New South Wales should not be located before 1810.     

新世纪的会计变革及会计教育改革

21世纪是知识经济的时代,这个时代,经济全球化发展态势不可逆转。随着知识经济的发展,会计理论体系、方法、内容也将发生根本性变化。为了适应经济全球化发展,会计理论研究、会计教育要进行全面改革,会计教育要朝着“综合化会计”与“大会计”教育方向发展。     

The Setting Of Accounting Standards in Australia: An Evolving Structure

The evolution of the accounting standard-setting process in Australia will bring further significant changes as we move to introduce major features of the structures existing in the United States and the United Kingdom. Those features include an independent standard-setting body, full-time board members and broad-based funding of the process. Similar structural changes can be expected in other countries which have well developed standard-setting activities, and ultimately at the level of the International Accounting Standards Committee. These changes will result from the increasing demands on the standard-setting process and the increasing accountability required by those affected by the output of the process.     

从澳大利亚的会计行业管理看我国会计社会团体的发展

澳大利亚会计社会团体概况澳大利亚有三个会计社会团体,分别是:注册会计师协会(CPA-Australia,)拥有10.3万名会员;特许会计师协会(ICAA),拥有3.5万名会员;全国会计师协会C,拥有1.5万名会员。它们分别有自己的章程,实行公司化管理,都具有悠久的历史。这三个协会除人数不同外相差不多,在此,笔者主要介绍注册会计师协会的有关情况。澳大利亚注册会计师协会始建于1886年,前身是公司会计师协会。当时正处于第一次工业革命时期,机器大工业代替了工场手工业,对会计核算的要求提高了,迫切需要大批会计专业人才,会计社会团体应运而生,公司会计师…     

The Case for Accounting Education Research

Pressures on the unit of resources within higher education are noted and the possible implications for assessment practice considered. There is a tension between low-cost and high-quality assessments, yet assessment appears to drive the students' agenda and requires careful thought if the programme design is to lead to high-quality learning outcomes. A theoretical framework is presented with the purpose of developing an assessment strategy which will enhance the quality of learning by the student. A case study of an introductory accounting module is described and issues of teaching, learning and assessment are explored. A message of hope is signalled; it may be possible to foster deep learning through assessments which engage the student actively with the subject, despite the apparent constraints acting upon academics.