Sample selection bias with multiple selection rules: An application to student aid grants

This paper extends the sample selection bias correction procedure, developed by James J. Heckman, to the case of multiple selection rules. Estimators are presented for independent selection rules and a consistent estimator for the variance-covariance matrix is derived. The methodology is applied to the problem of estimating the financial aid available to U.S. highschool students for college education. In order to be observed in receipt of financial aid, a student has to be both enrolled in college and to have had an expected value of aid in excess of the costs of applying. Both of these sources of selection bias were found to be important.     

财产清查会计处理存在的问题

针对财产清查结果的账务处理，目前采用了两种根本不同的会计处理方式，即把存货的盘盈和盘亏以及固定资产的盘亏计入盘点年度的财务报表，而把固定资产的盘盈计入盘点以前年度的财务报表。本文主要从可比性原则和基本经营假设两方面分析固定资产盘盈会计处理的恰当性。     

WCZ-1质子磁力仪的原理及应用

文章介绍了WCZ-1质子磁力仪的工作原理,适用范围,相关参数,在福建省构造复杂山区矿产高精度磁力勘探中的应用效果,资料的整理,以及优缺点。     

论经济制度选择的人本原则

以人为本是经济制度选择的重要原则。对人的利益需求的认识是理解生产力与生产关系矛盾运动的基础和关键,也是经济制度选择的内在依据。构成西方微观经济学理论前提的三个基本假定实际上是以人的本性、人的目的性、人的利益关系为内容的三个哲学命题,也是制度选择时之所以要尊重人的合理要求、要最大程度地满足人的利益需要、要充分发挥人的主动创造性的理论依据。比较我国经济运行的两种制度,市场经济的成功之处就在于它能较好地解决制度与人性的适配性和制度对人性资源的利用问题。     

住宅电气设计技术的选择与应用

住宅用电与人民的生活息息相关,文章对住宅用电特征进行了分析,并结合国家关于该方面的设计规范以及措施,在遵循安全和节能的思路下,考虑需要和发展,从经济、安全、实用等方面对现代住宅的电气设计方案进行了具体的探讨。     

The first algorithm for linear programming: An analysis of Kantorovich's method

An analysis is given of Kantorovich's method of resolving multipliers. It is shown that the method is equivalent to a parametric method but that it is also equivalent with the simplex method with a special rule for the choice of the new basic variable.     

改革现行会计信息生产模式的理论探析

当前,由上市公司生产会计信息,然后由会计师事务所检验会计信息,最后由信息使用者消费会计信息,这种会计信息生产模式不利于社会资源的有效配置,同时又是造成会计信息失真的主要原因.在新的经济条件下,会计信息生产社会化应运而生,本文将经济学中的市场失灵和管制理论运用到上市公司现行会计信息生产模式改革的探讨中,指出会计信息生产社会化是当前会计理论与实践的必然选择.     

Selection of the best population: an information theoretic approach

This paper is devoted to the statistical problem of ranking and selection populations by using the subset selection formulation. The interest is focused (i) on the selection of the best population among k independent populations and (ii) on the selection of the best population, which is closest to an additional standard or control population. With respect to the first problem the populations are ranked in terms of entropies of their distributions and the population whose distribution has maximum entropy is selected. For the second problem the populations are ranked in terms of divergences between their distributions and the distribution of the standard or control population and the population with the minimum divergence is selected. In each case the populations are assumed to have general parametric densities satisfying the classical regularity conditions of asymptotic statistic. Large sample properties of the estimators of entropies and divergences of the populations will be studied and used in order to determine the probabilities of correct selection of the proposed asymptotic selection rules. Illustrative examples, including a numerical example using real medical data appeared in the literature, will be given for multivariate homoscedastic normal populations and populations described by the regular exponential family of distributions. Received December 2001     

城市旧区改造中的整合研究

针对在城市旧区改造过程中遇到的问题,提出对构成改造场所的虚实两类要素进行整合,使得到改造的空间既能传承城市文脉,又符合现代行为秩序,从而体现城市发展的连续性.     

FLAC基本原理及在岩土工程分析中的应用

文章通过对FLAC基本原理及其特点的分析,从而证明它在岩土工程问题分析研究中的重要作用。     

我国历史城市的保护与更新

结合我国城市发展状况,分析了历史城市保护的难点及症结,提出只有通过城市更新途径,走保护与发展并举的路子,才能不断延续其历史文脉,增强发展生命力.     

非接触式IC卡的内部结构与工作原理及其应用

文章介绍了PHILIPS公司的MF1ICS50非接触式IC卡的内部结构、工作原理,并以SYNCMOSSM89516A单片机和广州周立功公司开发的zlg500A读卡模块为载体,简要介绍了对非接触式IC卡的基本操作流程。     

程控用户交换机分机号线路连选的应用

文章提出一种由集团公司的程控交换机以几个分机号作为中继线,为公司二级机构或部门的用户交换机(集团电话)提供线路连选中继服务的方法,实现办公自动化的现代通信要求。     

The relative importance of campaign expenditures: An application of production theory

In an election campaign a politician attempts to combine the resources at his disposal so as to maximize the percent of the votes he receives. This behavior is consistent with an economic model of production where the producer combines inputs in order to maximize output. In this paper the concept of an election campaign as a production process is applied to elections to the U.S. House of Representatives. The three inputs were campaign expenditures, years of tenure in office, and the percent of registered voters in candidate's party. Cobb-Douglas and CES versions of the production function are estimated. Each estimation indicated that the marginal productivity of campaign expenditures was very low. Further, the CES estimation indicated low elasticity of substitution between campaign expenditures and other inputs. This means that it is difficult for a candidate who faces a disadvantage—either because his opponent is an incumbent with several years experience, or because he belongs to a minority party—to overcome this disadvantage by simply spending more money.     

The lag relationship between wholesale and consumer prices: An application of the Hatanaka-Wallace procedure

This paper examines the lag distribution relating wholesale to consumer price changes. Sims' causality test indicates a one-sided lag structure. Following Hatanaka and Wallace, parameters of the lag distribution which can be estimated with relatively high precision are emphasized. Thus, our concern is with the sum of coefficients and the first four moments of the distribution. Short-run effects are estimated from lag moments using Pearson's method for equating moments. As a smoothness prior, a Beta distribution in the lag weights is suggested. Tests for bias due to missing components in the wholesale price index indicate little is lost because of misspecification.