财务危机预警模型在商业银行信贷风险管理中的应用

商业银行不良信贷已经成为其发展的瓶颈,商业银行要发展,就必须从根本上降低未来不良贷款形成的可能性。本文认为形成不良贷款最主要的原因是企业盈利能力的下降。因此借助我国上市公司的财务样本数据,建立了企业财务危机预警的生存分析模型——Cox模型,该模型具有可以使用时间序列、无需样本配对、连续预测和高鲁棒性的特点,能够为商业银行提供更为有效的企业财务危机预测,从而降低商业银行不良贷款的形成。     

An Empirical Study of International Spillover of Sovereign Risk to Bank Credit Risk

The severity and complexity of the recent financial crisis has motivated the need for understanding the relationships between sovereign ratings and bank credit ratings. This is the first study to examine the impact of the “international” spillover of sovereign risk to bank credit risk through both a ratings channel and an asset holdings channel. In the first case, the downgrade of sovereign ratings in GIIPS (Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain) countries leads to rating downgrades of banks in the peripheral countries. The second channel indicates that larger asset holdings of GIIPS debt increases the credit risk of cross‐border banks, and hence, the probabilities of downgrade.     

信用风险盯市模式模型应用研究

采用中国金融市场和原银行信贷登记系统数据及中国人民银行组织的信用评级等数据资源,在金融工程理论和技术方法创新基础上,创新建立起国内企业信用等级转移概率矩阵,借鉴国际信用风险模型中盯市模式代表Credit Metrics模型原理、使用蒙特卡罗模拟方法实证建立中国金融市场信用组合计量模型,探索盯市模式信用风险模型在中国信贷市场、外汇市场、货币市场和债券市场风险管理实务的应用,并在此基础上提出了政策性建议。     

商业银行信用风险测量方法的演进及借鉴

自巴赛尔协议规定用于确定风险的资本充足度内部模型必须是以VaR为基础的模型以来，VaR已成为目前最为流动的风险管理模型，此模型的引进和应用对改进我国商业银行信用管理有借鉴意义。     

证券风险转嫁为银行风险的形成路径与防范策略

近年来,由于证券市场的风险骤增以及银行的违规操作,导致证券风险向银行风险转化或转嫁,成为银行传统风险之外的主要风险.银行盲目过度垒上市公司以及对券商的违规操作是证券风险转化为银行风险的主要形成路径,强化银行对证券业融资的风险理念、规范信贷融资行为、构筑风险预警机制等,才能有效防范证券风险转化为银行风险.     

房地产市场调控背景下银行信贷风险与对策探讨

2010年以来,我国陆续出台了一系列房地产调控政策,在其作用下,我国房地产进入了理性调整时期。基于此,加强商业银行房地产贷款风险研究,探讨建立可持续信贷模式具有重大意义。本文分析了此轮房地产调控政策的主要内容以及对房地产业的影响,进而分析了房地产市场调整对银行信贷的影响,最后提出了防范房贷风险的对策与建议。     

金融科技布局、银行信贷风险与经营绩效——来自商业银行与科技企业战略合作的证据

商业银行通过布局金融科技进行的金融服务创新,已成为深化金融供给侧结构性改革的重要举措。本文通过手工搜集2005—2019年323家商业银行与科技企业战略合作的数据,研究银行布局金融科技如何影响其信贷风险与经营绩效。结果表明：(1)银行布局金融科技战略能降低银行信贷风险,提高银行经营绩效;(2)银行布局金融科技通过提高其自身创新能力与竞争力从而降低银行的信贷风险水平;(3)银行布局金融科技,通过降低信贷风险、提升普惠金融服务、提高运营管理能力与拓展中间业务这四个渠道提高了银行经营绩效;(4)全国性银行发展金融科技使其信贷风险水平得到降低,资本充足率低的银行通过布局金融科技降低信贷风险的效果更强。同时,信用贷款比重越高的银行通过发展金融科技降低信贷风险、提高经营绩效的效果更加明显。本文研究有助于理解商业银行顺势而为所进行的金融科技布局的微观经济后果,也为进一步完善金融服务实体经济相关政策提供参考。     

EDF模型在中国商业银行信用风险管理中的应用

由于我国违约数据库的缺乏,我国经验EDF函数还没有建立,这极大地制约了EDF模型在我国商业银行信用风险管理中的应用.本文在我国EDF模型现有实证研究成果的基础上,选取我国上市公司2003～2006年的相关数据,尝试建立我国经验EDF函数,并用试点试验(Pilot Test)方法对EDF模型的预测能力和稳定性进行检验.实证结果表明EDF模型能够在上市公司违约前1～2年预测出其信用质量的下降,同时EDF模型对公司信用风险度量具有很好的稳定性.结果表明,将EDF模型应用于我国商业银行信用风险管理是可行的.     

美国商业银行消费信贷的风险控制与防范

我国的消费信贷已从1997年的172亿元增长到2002年的10669亿元,产品的品种也增加到十多种,包括住房、汽车、教育、家庭耐用消费品和旅游等。随着消费信贷市场的快速发展,其中所存在的风险和问题逐步暴露出来。美国在消费信贷的风险控制与防范方面的成功经验对于我国完善消费信贷市场的风险控制具有重要的参考价值。此处发表了中国农业银行深圳分行副行长刘桂平博士在美国学习、访问时所写的调研报告,相信能让读者们受到有益的启发。     

Systemic Bank Risk in Brazil: A Comprehensive Simulation of Correlated Market, Credit, Sovereign and Inter-Bank Risks

In this study we present a comprehensive forward‐looking portfolio simulation methodology for assessing the correlated impacts of market risk, private sector and Sovereign credit risk, and inter‐bank default risk. In order to produce better integrated risk assessment for banks and systemic risk assessments for financial systems, we argue that reasonably detailed modeling of bank asset and liability structures, loan portfolio credit quality, and loan concentrations by sector, region and type, as well as a number of financial and economic environment risk drivers, is required. Sovereign and inter‐bank default risks are increasingly important in the current economic environment and their inclusion is an important model extension. This extended model is demonstrated through an application to both individual Brazilian banks (i.e., 28 of the largest banks) and groups of banks (i.e., the Brazilian banking system) as of December 2004. When omitting Sovereign risk, our analysis indicates that none of the banks face significant default risk over a 1‐year horizon. This low default risk stems primarily from the large amount of government securities held by Brazilian banks, but also reflects the banks' adequate capitalizations and extraordinarily high interest rate spreads. We note that none of the banks which we modeled failed during the very stressful 2007‐2008 period, consistent with our results. Our results also show that a commonly used approach of aggregating all banks into one single bank, for purposes of undertaking a systemic banking system risk assessment, results in a misestimate of both the probability and the cost of systemic banking system failures. Once Sovereign risk is considered and losses in the market value of government securities reach 10% (or higher), we find that several banks could fail during the same time period. These results demonstrate the well known risk of concentrated lending to a borrower, or type of borrower, which has a non‐zero probability of default (e.g., the Government of Brazil). Our analysis also indicates that, in the event of a Sovereign default, the Government of Brazil would face constrained debt management alternatives. To the best of our knowledge no one else has put forward a systematic methodology for assessing bank asset, liability, loan portfolio structure and correlated market and credit (private sector, Sovereign, and inter‐bank) default risk for banks and banking systems. We conclude that such forward‐looking risk assessment methodologies for assessing multiple correlated risks, combined with the targeted collection of specific types of data on bank portfolios, have the potential to better quantify overall bank and banking system risk levels, which can assist bank management, bank regulators, Sovereigns, rating agencies, and investors to make better informed and proactive risk management and investment decisions.     

Credit Risk in Two Institutional Regimes: Spanish Commercial and Savings Banks

Although credit risk is an important factor that financial institutions must cope with, the determinants of bank problem loans have been little studied. Using panel data, we compare the determinants of problem loans of Spanish commercial and savings banks in the period 1985–1997, taking into account both macroeconomic and individual bank level variables. The GDP growth rate, firms, and family indebtedness, rapid past credit or branch expansion, inefficiency, portfolio composition, size, net interest margin, capital ratio, and market power are variables that explain credit risk. However, there are significant differences between commercial and savings banks, which confirm the relevance of the institutional form in the management of credit risk. Our findings raise important bank supervisory policy issues: the use of bank level variables as early warning indicators, the advantages of bank mergers from different regions, and the role of banking competition and ownership in determining credit risk.     

浅析西部大开发中商业银行的信贷风险及对策

西部大开发为商业银行开发信贷业务提供了历史性机遇，但也为其带来了挑战和风险。为此，商业银行必须切实加大监管力度，提高资产负债管理水平；加强商业银行内部贷款管理，提高贷款质量；加强负债业务的管理，力求资金的自我平衡；加强商业银行间的合作，积极发放银团贷款；建立信贷经营独立决策机制。     

信用风险度量技术的最新发展及其在贷款定价中的运用

进入21世纪后,对产生于上个世纪的信用风险计量技术的持续研究进一步提高了风险计量的敏感度和准确度。本文剖析了主要的信用风险计量模型对风险变量的测算方法和适用性,探讨其最新发展,并分析了信用风险计量新技术在贷款定价的运用。     

我国上市城市商业银行信贷风险实证研究

信贷风险管理能力是我国城市商业银行核心竞争力的主要决定因素之一,良好的信贷风险管理能力有助于城商行稳健运营。本文通过对我国上市城商行信贷风险进行实证分析,揭示我国上市城商行不良贷款率与其影响因素之间的关系,并提出加强信贷风险管理的相应建议措施。     

商业银行信用风险压力测试的方法和实践

本文系统地总结了商业银行信用风险压力测试的主要技术方法,讨论了各种方法的优缺点和适用性,介绍了国外银行的实践情况,为国内银行开展信用风险压力测试提供参考.     

商业银行授信风险管理的不足及其对策

授信风险管理主要指客户信用风险、市场环境风险、银行操作风险等风险值的量化和评估.它既是现代商业银行资产管理中的核心工作,也是授信客户一体化服务的业务载体.     

我国商业银行道德风险的实证分析:信贷风险掩饰和推迟视角

近年来,我国商业银行经理人追求自我利益最大化的道德风险问题突出。本文对我国商业银行道德风险现状进行简要考察,梳理了银行经理人道德风险的主要表现;构建一个简单的两期模型,分析了银行经理人信贷风险掩饰和推迟行为的动机和收益;以商业银行贷款质量迁徙和行长变动的相关数据,对商业银行道德风险进行实证分析,验证了银行行长对本行的信贷风险有明显的掩饰与推迟行为,证实了商业银行道德风险的存在。     

基于银保协作路径的商业银行信用风险预警机制研究

从贷款企业的财务运营能力预警评价、经营管理能力预警评价、技术创新能力预警评价三个层面系统设计商业银行信用风险预警机制的指标体系,在确定各因素预警临界值基础上,进行信用风险预警机制的警示设置,并构造警度评价函数,以实现商业银行信用风险预警机制的警度判断及处置功能,从而实现商业银行信用风险预警机制的预警功能,为构建科学高效的商业银行风险管理机制提供重要的理论指导与决策参考。     

Bank Mergers and Crime: The Real and Social Effects of Credit Market Competition

Using a unique sample of commercial loans and mergers between large banks, we provide micro‐level (within‐county) evidence linking credit conditions to economic development and find a spillover effect on crime. Neighborhoods that experience more bank mergers are subject to higher interest rates, diminished local construction, lower prices, an influx of poorer households, and higher property crime in subsequent years. The elasticity of property crime with respect to merger‐induced banking concentration is 0.18. We show that these results are not likely due to reverse causation, and confirm the central findings using state branching deregulation to instrument for bank competition.