开元商业地产经营模式探讨

近年来．新近落成的大型综合购物中心已经迅速成为不少城市商业零售市场的主力军．而传统的商业物业已经很难满足它们对硬件和软件的要求：同时．随着以美式MALL为代表的大型综合购物中心落户北京、上海、深圳等大中城市．中国零售业全面对外开放，几乎所有的大中城市都已经或计划建设大型的购物中心．这些都为商业地产商的发展留下了巨大市场发展空间。     

MALL业态开发经营模式探析

自二十世纪末起我国许多大中城市兴起了超大型购物中心(MALL)建设热潮,文章在介绍超大型购物中心这一新型业态特点的基础上,探讨该业态的开发经营模式,并探求MALL在当前发展中所面临的挑战和机遇。     

消费者心理行为与购物中心餐饮空间设计——以昆明为例

本文主要探讨的问题包括购物中心设置餐饮空间的规模、餐饮的形式以及经营方式、餐饮空间的内环境设计。从消费者的心理需求及购物中心餐饮空间和餐饮行为的文化性着手研究,以昆明购物中心餐饮空间为例,提出可行性的空间尺度和营造模式。     

"商景合一"或成购物中心未来出路

最近几年,国内各大中城市地产商兴建购物中心热达到了一个不小的高潮,但是一段时间过去,人们发现很多购物中心并没有想像中的红火.     

“商景合一“或成购物中心未来出路

最近几年,国内各大中城市地产商兴建购物中心热达到了一个不小的高潮,但是一段时间过去,人们发现很多购物中心并没有想像中的红火.……     

购物中心空间租赁组合与租金率决定

在购物中心租赁中,出租人谋求购物中心净租金总额的最大化,取决于主要承租人与次要承租人的组合是否合理,以及各自内部的结构。本文认为,购物中心的租金率由空间需求及市场结构决定,但受到租约条款、承租人特征、购物中心规模等因素的影响。     

感悟多伦多的购物中心

购物中心建设热潮正在国内兴起,笔者在对多伦多市购物中心的实地考察的基础上,提出我国购物中心建设有着广泛的发展空间,只要定位准确、管理得当就能够获得成功.     

感悟多伦多的购物中心

购物中心建设热潮正在国内兴起．笔者在对多伦多市购物中心的实地考察的基础上．提出我国购物中心建设有着广泛的发展空间．只要定位准确、管理得当就能够获得成功。     

美国购物中心的规模效益分析

通过分析美国购物中心的发展历程、规模结构和规模效益,发现,美国购物中心在零售业中占主导地位,2003年美国购物中心零售额比重为35．6%。尽管美国经济发达,消费水准很高,但购物中心的发展并不贪大和盲目攀比,购物中心以中小型为主体,平均单个购物中心出租面积规模为1．15万平方米/个,地区分布较为均衡。美国不同规模购物中心的单位面积效益差异不明显,“规模和效益成正比”的结论不能成立。     

购物中心规划和运作的经济分析

购物中心是指在一个大型建筑中,由许多商场和专卖店所组成的零售业综合体。近半个世纪以来,购物中心在发达国家发展得很快,现在在我国大中城市里也有发展壮大之势,但国内相关的理论研究还较少。因此,从购物中心规划和运作两个方面介绍了相关的经济理论,简要总结了国外学者的研究成果,并分析了其具体运用。     

The effects of mall personality and fashion orientation on shopping value and mall patronage intension

It is imperative for mall operators in China to gain insights into consumer shopping behaviours that will allow them to further develop their mall personalities, in order to better differentiate themselves from the competition. The overarching objective of the present study was two-fold: to increase our understanding about contemporary Chinese shoppers; and to examine the relationships among mall personality, fashion orientation, shopping value and mall patronage intention. This study presents the results of a research survey conducted in Wuhan, China. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) was used to analyze the survey responses from 324 shopping mall patrons. The findings indicate that consumers' fashion orientation has a significant influence based on their perception of the shopping mall personality. The path model analysis revealed that consumers' perception of shopping value had the strongest effect on their shopping intentions at the mall.     

Influence of demographics,psychographics, shopping orientation,mall shopping attitude and purchase patterns on mall patronage in India

Retail boom in India is generating considerable interest from within the country as well as abroad. This growth in retail has been fueled by the mushrooming of shopping malls across the country. Despite this very little is known about the characteristics of the Indian mall shoppers. Also of special interest is the behavior of heavy shoppers because regardless of the footfalls at the mall, if the money spent is low, the mall does not benefit. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to profile Indian mall consumers, identify characteristics differentiating the high rupee volume purchasers at the mall and to evolve a model that can help predict heavy rupee volume purchasers in a catchment.The results of this study, spanning eight cities of India and 3026 mall consumers, indicate that the heavy shoppers are significantly different from the other groups along multiple demographic and socio-economic variables, behavioral variables, attitude and shopping orientation. Additionally, the study contributes to literature by evolving a typology of shoppers. The model evolved using Discriminant Analysis was used to predict potential heavy and low rupee volume purchasers for a city of interest, where currently there are no malls.     

基于AHP分析的大型购物中心聚客力研究

近年来,大型购物中心在全国各地迅速崛起,聚客能力成为大型购物中心成功的关键因素。依据大型购物中心聚客力的影响因素,采用AHP分析法测定出各因素的影响权重,同时选取广州地区3家大型购物中心为样本,分析各自的聚客力的现状,并得出了相关的结论。     

Do men and women really shop differently? An exploration of gender differences in mall shopping in India

‘Men Buy and Women Shop’ proclaims a new Wharton Research on shopping habits of the American consumer (2007). There is found to be considerable difference in the way men and women shop in the West. Is this true across cultures? Indian retailing is generating considerable interest within the country and abroad. India has been rated as the fifth most attractive emerging retail market and was ranked first in a Global Retail Development Index of 30 developing countries drawn up by A T Kearney. Organized retail, best represented by the mushrooming malls, has come to play a defining role in building and supporting this veritable base of retail consumers. Therefore, it is of utmost interest to retailers and academia alike to understand the consumer dynamics behind the newly evolving consumption culture. This study explores mall‐shopping habits in India and attempts to identify and contrast possible differences between genders using a sample of 2721 mall consumers across seven cities. While the findings suggest that in India there are significant differences in shopping behaviour that can be ascribed to gender, there are fundamental questions about stereotyping of shopping as a feminine activity. To do this, discriminant analysis has been used to study whether shopping orientation and mall‐shopping attitudes can discriminate between male and female shoppers.     

The relationships among family and social interaction,loneliness, mall shopping motivation,and mall spending of older consumers

The study implemented 419 mall‐intercept interviews with people who are 55 or older in large malls in three metropolitan cities in the United States. The five subdimensions of mall‐shopping motivation of older consumers were identified under two dimensions: Consumption‐oriented mall‐shopping motivation (service consumption, value consumption, and eating) and experiential mall‐shopping motivation (diversion and aesthetic appreciation). The structural model revealed significant effects of social interaction, loneliness, and mall‐shopping motivations on mall spending. Outcomes suggest that a mall can be a place to reduce older consumers' loneliness and that retailers in the mall can attract and make older consumers spend more by emphasizing value consumption and service consumption. Results also provide the implication for mall developers that providing more experiential features and events in malls may attract more older consumers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

How does shopping duration evolve and influence buying behavior? The role of marketing and shopping environment

This study investigates how promotional activities, mall size, and past shopping experiences affect customer shopping duration, and elucidates how shopping duration induces immediate, transient, and long-term effects on customer decisions of whether and how much to buy in the offline shopping mall format. We simultaneously model purchase incidence, purchase amount, and shopping duration to examine empirically the constructs’ dynamic impacts. The proposed model is calibrated using six-year-long transaction data of 43,326 customers that patronize malls operated by a large retail firm. The results reveal that shopping duration leads to an immediate increase in the amount spent by customers in a given period. The transient effects of shopping duration on purchase incidence and amount are significantly positive. However, in the long term, while purchase frequency appears to increase with cumulative shopping duration, purchase amount is negatively affected. Further, shopping duration increases with the size of the mall visited and the level of promotion but tends to converge to a lower level in the long term. Managerial implications for effectively managing customer experience are discussed.     

Image transfer from malls to stores and its influence on shopping values and mall patronage: The role of self-congruity

Little research attention has been paid to the image transference from a shopping mall to its stores. The study reported in this article proposes an integrative model dealing with the image transference phenomenon from malls to stores and its implications in terms of creating value for shoppers and enticing mall patronage. Structural equation modeling is applied to data collected from shoppers in two urban North-Amercian shopping malls. The findings are broadly supportive of the proposed model. Mall image spills over the image of the stores located in the mall, and this occurs through a shopper's self-congruity mechanism. Furthermore, the mall's image dimensions influence hedonic shopping value through self-congruity. The stores’ image dimensions differentially influence utilitarian and hedonic shopping values assessments. Both types of shopping values are strong drivers of mall patronage. The study also discusses the implications of the findings as well as its limitations and directions for future research.     

Effects of store loyalty on shopping mall loyalty

The key purpose of this paper is to bridge a research gap in shopping mall literature by investigating the relationship between store loyalty and shopping mall loyalty. The paper also examines the effects of perceived store value and store relationship commitment on store loyalty en-route to loyalty towards the shopping mall hosting the stores. The study shows that store loyalty influences shopping mall loyalty under certain conditions and that such an influence is moderated by the geographic distance between the consumer and the shopping mall. Further, the study found that distance has a moderating effect on the relationship between perceived store value and store loyalty, but not on the association between relationship commitment and store loyalty. The insights provided by this study offer academics, retailers and shopping mall managers a richer understanding of the relationships between store loyalty and its antecedents, customers' distance from the mall, and shopping mall loyalty.     

An empirical examination of clustering and dispersion within Canadian shopping centers

In this paper, data on the internal compositions of 90 planned regional shopping centers in the five westernmost provinces in Canada are used to examine the locational pattern of stores in shopping centers, to see whether these locations are consistent with exploiting demand externalities and the physical features of the mall. The empirical relevance of so-called “rules of thumb” for locating stores in shopping centers is also assessed. We find that there is clustering of service stores near mall entrances, and clustering of comparison shopping stores near corridor intersections and on the second floor of two-story malls. Clustering tends to occur in the ladies' wear, jewellery/fashion accessory, and unisex clothing store categories, facilitating comparison shopping. Clustering of stores in the service category facilitates multipurpose shopping. A regression analysis indicates that clustering may depend upon the size, age, and type of mall in question. Overall, results are consistent with consumer transportation/shopping costs and demand externalities driving the internal store location strategy of planned regional shopping centers.     

Early retailing: London's shopping exchanges, 1550–1700

Location is an important aspect of retailing, and London entrepreneurs recognized it as early as the 1560s in building exchanges to house a collection of shops, taking them off the street. These shopping centres created a special shopping environment: shelter, safety, and shop agglomeration. Soon shoppers put on their own social display there, a further shopping attraction. Up to five of these centres existed in late seventeenth-century London, capturing about half of all shops. But the reputation of these facilities declined over time, the institution of shopping ‘mall’ apparently not continued or emulated again until the twentieth century.