我国保险保障基金风险费率模拟分析

常用的保险保障基金征收方法分为平均比率费率法和风险费率法。与国际上大多数国家一样,我国保险保障基金目前采用平均比率费率法。平均比率费率法不与保险公司自身的风险挂钩,不会因为其冒险行为而收取更高费率;而风险费率法则是保险公司风险程度与其所交的保险保障基金费率呈正比。本文对我国25家财险公司和25家寿险公司进行风险等级分类,对我国保险保障基金风险费率进行模拟分析,提出了我国保险保障基金宜采用风险费率征收方式的基本构想,体现出公平合理、防范风险的发展要求。     

保险保障基金补偿方式的道德风险研究

我国保险保障基金给予各家保险公司保单持有人同一程度的保障,这可能会激励投保人放松对保险公司的审查以及保险公司间不顾风险的价格竞争。本文通过的投保人和保险公司之间博弈模型,展示这种补偿方式如何会带来道德风险,并提出我国保险保障基金补偿方式的设计应当基于保险公司的风险,同时要加快保险公司信息披露制度和保险信用评级体系的建设。     

保险保障基金补偿方式的道德风险研究

我国保险保障基金给予各家保险公司保单持有人同一程度的保障,这可能会激励投保人放松对保险公司的审查以及保险公司间不顾风险的价格竞争。本文通过的投保人和保险公司之间博弈模型,展示这种补偿方式如何会带来道德风险,并提出我国保险保障基金补偿方式的设计应当基于保险公司的风险,同时要加快保险公司信息披露制度和保险信用评级体系的建设。     

我国保险保障基金适度规模的分析和测算

结合我国保险市场现状,提出了保险保障基金适度规模问题。基于对适度规模影响因素的分析,建立了保险保障基金适度规模的测算模型,并运用情景模拟,得出了较为符合行业实际的测算结果。最后探讨了目前的费率标准与适度规模之间的不匹配问题。     

保险保障基金最优规模的积累规律及影响因素——基于动态视角和SYS-GMM方法的研究

保险保障基金是解决保险业风险的有力工具,但由于道德风险的存在,该基金并非越多越好,而是存在一个最优规模。本文首先通过最优控制方法构建关于保险保障基金最优规模积累规律的动态模型,通过恰当地控制各期基金的使用量,可以使其规模达到最优规模的要求。基于此,运用中国寿险公司和财险公司近10年来的面板数据,通过系统广义矩方法研究保险保障基金规模的影响因素。研究发现:财险业相对于寿险业更倾向通过保险保障基金方式进行风险管理;当保险公司采取目标集聚战略和差异化战略时,倾向提高保险保障基金的提取规模,而采取总成本领先战略则会降低提取规模;保险公司的竞争战略不同的组合方式会对保障基金的提取规模产生复杂的影响。     

固定费用结构下基金经理管理费激励研究

基于经理的努力水平和风险规避程度是基金经理费设计的关键因素,构建固定费率结构下基金经理努力及风险选择的模型,结合我国基金样本数据进行了实证研究结果表明:管理费与基金业绩无显著正相关性,且低业绩的基金体现出较高的管理费率;管理费与基金风险具有显著的正相关关系。     

长期照护保险财务制度的国际经验与借鉴

本文以理论研究和案例研究的方法,对国际上已开展长期照护保险的国家(或地区)的财务制度设计进行了系统研究。比较了税收制、保险制两种资金筹措方式及现收现付制、完全基金累积制和部分基金累积制三种财务运作模式在各国的实践及其优劣,结合国际案例对长期照护保险的收入、支出与费率的决定与精算,如何维持财务安全与永续的安全准备机制、费率调整机制、费率调整预警机制进行深入剖析。研究发现,虽然各国(或地区)基于不同价值理念、经济实力、制度体系等因素而选择了不同的财务制度,但这些经验为我国将来构建长期照护保险财务制度顶层设计提供了有益的借鉴和指引。     

基于宏观审慎监管框架的存款保险费率定价机制研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

我国存款保险实行差别费率与基准费率相结合的制度。学术界对存款保险费率定价研究主要以防范道德风险为出发点,聚焦于风险差别费率。传统的风险差别费率定价模型是期权定价模型和期望损失模型,两者均是对商业银行自身倒闭风险进行定价。本文认为,存款保险的目的是防范系统性风险。存款保险费率定价机制作为存款保险制度的重要部分,也应将目标聚焦于防范系统性风险。基于此,本文选择以存款保险基金管理机构的宏观审慎监管视角,对存款保险差别费率定价机制展开研究。本文通过分析宏观审慎监管框架下的目标与特征,讨论存款保险费率定价机制的要点与形成过程。本文还进一步原创性地构建了一个基于宏观审慎监管框架的存款保险费率定价模型,该模型以商业银行系统性风险贡献度作为衡量商业银行风险的依据。并且我们以中国16家上市银行数据对模型做了保费测算。结论证实模型的定价体系更全面,能更好地维护金融稳定。     

存款保险制度安排的国际比较以及中国的选择

随着我国金融市场的逐步完善与发展,建立存款保险制度已成为防止存款类金融机构发生系统性风险、完善金融机构市场退出机制的迫切要求。本文介绍了目前存款保险制度的国际争议以及我国存款保险制度的现状,通过存款保险制度安排的国际比较,在制度职能设计、参与模式选择、保障范围、保险限额、费率制定以及存款保险基金运作等方面提出了我国存款保险制度的构建框架。     

跨代连结型长期护理保险最优决策研究北大核心CSSCI

随着我国人口老龄化的不断深化,老龄人口及失能人口的赡养成为亟待解决的经济社会问题。本文基于以家庭为单元的保障模式的理念,以陪护者和年长者连结投保型长期护理保险为切入点,建立了一个包含储蓄、消费、家庭护理、护理保险保额等决策变量的两阶段最优决策模型,考虑陪护者和年长者同时决策和先后决策两种决策方式,并从双方效用最大化的角度出发,得到了二者的最佳投保和护理决策。最后基于中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,测算得到了模型的实证解,并研究保费费率和风险规避程度对决策结果的影响。实证分析结果显示,结合实际数据计算出的最优决策变量具有客观性和可行性,本文考虑的连结投保式创新型长期护理保险能够促使投保人做出理性决策,促进长期护理风险的保障和长期护理保险的发展。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.