Managerial efficiency under risk for broiler producers in Saudi Arabia

Managerial efficiency for broiler producers m Saudi Arabia is generally difficult lo achieve. High investment costs coupled with relatively high average production costs and the consequent incompetent market prices, have resulted in projects either working at less than full capacity or being shut down completely. The aim here is to determine the most efficient production alternatives (actions) available to managers under business risk considerations. The ordinary stochastic dominance approach was used to solicit the most efficient production alternatives for broilet producing projects of all sizes in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. For small-and medium-sized projects, the efficient production alternatives concentrated on marketing risk. For large projects, the efficient actions concentrated on both marketing and production risks. For the three sizes of projects, the two production alternatives that proved to be the most efficient, were the one that contains creating morc marketing strategies and the one that adopts good veterinary care systems. On the other hand, the production alternative that deals with selecting good breeds of chicks appeared to be most efficient for small and large projects only.     

什么样的农场主在经营中国的家庭农场

本文基于全国31省在2014—2018年监测数据,对家庭农场的农场主的年龄、教育水平等特征及变迁进行分析。研究表明,农场主性别呈"男九女一"特征;农场主平均47岁;农场主学历教育水平方面,50%～60%为初中及以下,至少1/3为高中(中专或职高),10%左右为大专及以上(含本科和研究生);八到九成农场主接受再教育培训,平均每年接受3类培训;农场主平均有5～7年规模经营经历,但越来越多的没有规模经营经历和经历短的人成为农场主;近六成农场主有1种以上从业经历,他们至少有2种经历,最多的有6到9种经历;八成农场主是本村的,九成是本乡的。本文认为下一步应完善农业劳动力市场,健全农业职业教育培训体系,加快农业职业化步伐。     

Landscape properties as drivers for farm diversification: A Dutch case study

Farm diversification is stimulated by the societal demand to transform production countryside into consumption countryside. In most empirical studies on farmers’ decision making for diversification, geographical information is either omitted or reduced to a variable that links the farm to an administrative unit. Therefore, the influence of the exact farm location on farmers’ decision making is often lacking. The paper addresses the role of location, in terms of site specific natural conditions as well as neighboring dynamics, in influencing farmers’ decision making to diversify. Moreover, it investigates to what extend low returns from primary production stimulate farmers to find new survival strategies, and therefore explains diversification. The Gelderse Vallei area, a region in the center of the Netherlands, is used as a case study. For this area an extensive farm survey data could be combined with topographic data and soil maps (GIS). Both the number of activities as well as the kind of activities that are taken up are analyzed. Landscape attractiveness turns out to be a driver of diversification. Daily recreation most frequently occurs close to national parks, green services are more likely to occur on relatively wet soils. Activities resulting from diversification might produce positive externalities: new activities have the tendency to emerge next to already existing ones, therewith explaining the formation of “hotspots” in the landscape. Finally, diversification was found to be sensitive to returns from primary agriculture production.     

Factors Influencing Retailers' Decision to Sell PDO/PGI Fresh Meat

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to analyze retailers' attitudes toward region of origin labeling in fresh meat and the factors influencing retailers' decision to sell these quality labeled meats. Data come from a survey conducted with retailers in Spain (Aragon) in 2002. Firstly, retailers' attitudes toward region-of-origin labeled meat are investigated. Secondly, factors affecting the probability to sell region-of-origin labeled for two meat products (beef and lamb) and the level of sales are determined. To do this, a probit model has been specified to analyze the probability to sell region-of-origin labeled beef/lamb and an ordered probit, to study the level of sales for beef/lamb.     

Seasonal Adjustment in a Market for Female Agricultural Workers

This article explores seasonal adjustment in the market for temporary agricultural labor. We estimate a model of participation allowing for unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity/selection bias using daily observations from Chilean panel data, and a model of daily earnings. Results indicate that seasonal wage variation is an important aspect of labor-market adjustment, contributing to a large change in labor force participation. The labor force participation rate of women is significantly more elastic to changes in the expected wage than is that for men. Nonetheless, we find evidence of substantial open unemployment during the slack season, especially for females, probably due to frictional and efficiency wage effects.     

农户扩大经济林种植规模意愿及规模水平影响因素分析——以浙江省为例

以Probit、Tobit回归模型为主要工具,利用浙江省236户农户调查数据,实证分析了农户扩大经济林种植规模意愿及规模水平的影响因素。研究结果表明:户主年龄、受教育程度、家庭人口数、是否参与标准化项目以及对经济林发展前景判断对农户扩大经济林种植规模意愿及规模水平有显著影响;而经济发展水平只对农户扩大经济林种植规模意愿有显著影响,家庭人均收入和家庭非农收入占比只对农户扩大经济林种植规模水平有显著影响。最后,提出相应的对策建议:加大经济林宣传力度,提高农户种植积极性;完善补贴政策,保障经济林的持续经营;加强经济林质量监督,提高农户经济林收入。     

宏观国土资源数据的网络共享与数据挖掘初探

以宏观国土资源信息共享为出发点,针对分布式Web环境的特点,利用数理统计分析和计算模型方法、空间认知方法、可视化技术和Web GIS技术等,探索Web环境下宏观国土资源信息共享、数据挖掘与数据的专题应用问题,并以宏观国土资源信息共享研究为例,交互探索宏观国土资源信息查询、检索、分析,初步实现了由宏观国土资源数据获取和信息共享到知识发现。     

区域—要素统筹：构建国土空间开发保护制度的关键

研究目的:通过对国土空间开发保护制度的核心概念进行辨析,明确国土空间开发保护制度的科学内涵,并讨论构建新时代国土空间开发保护制度的关键性问题。研究方法:综合分析法与对比分析法。研究结果:中国特色的\"国土空间开发保护\"概念源于\"国土空间开发\",交融于土地用途管制制度,拓展于自然资源全要素保护。国土空间的内涵有着\"区域\"型和\"要素\"型特性之分,目前也存在分别以主体功能区制度为代表和以土地用途管制为代表的\"区域\"型、\"要素\"型两类国土空间开发保护制度。未来需要统筹两类国土空间开发保护的需求,让相应制度承担起指引区域工业化城镇化建设活动、实施国土空间用途管制、推进生态功能受损地区系统性修复治理、开展国家公园和自然保护地保护等多重任务。研究结论:做好\"区域—要素统筹\"是构建新时代国土空间开发保护制度的关键。     

基于多源数据的国土空间高质量利用评价思路

研究目的：新时代国土空间规划背景下,提出利用多源数据评价国土空间高质量利用的思路,为辅助编制高质量的国土空间规划提供支撑。研究方法：文献分析法、归纳演绎法。研究结果：在国土空间规划新趋势下,以国土空间高质量利用内涵为引导,提出生态空间、农业空间和城镇空间的高质量利用目标与评价维度,并构建了基于多源数据的国土空间高质量利用的评价方法框架。研究结论：国土空间高质量利用评价应在统筹各类空间不同目标间关系的基础上,结合研究和实践需要,因地制宜进行评价,进而形成各空间的发展合力,推进国土空间的高质量利用。     

家庭农场退出诱发的利益冲突与化解策略研究

研究目的:借助埃奇沃斯盒状图阐述家庭农场退出的\"帕累托改进\"过程,深入分析家庭农场退出可能诱发不同主体间的利益冲突以及应对策略,为家庭农场的合理有序退出提供理论支撑。研究方法:经济学交换的一般均衡分析法、理论分析法、文献梳理法、综合分析法。研究结果:在家庭农场退出时,会在家庭农场主、农户、债权人、集体经济组织、家庭农场的其他成员等主体之间围绕土地合同违约、债务清偿次序、债务承担比例、资产处置等问题诱发激烈的矛盾冲突,这些问题的妥善解决对于构建家庭农场的合理有序退出机制、盘活退出家庭农场的整体资产、维护退出家庭农场主和债权人的合法权益都具有重要意义。研究结论:家庭农场退出所诱发的不同主体间的利益冲突应当依据法律政策、土地流转合同等科学合理地加以解决。对于家庭农场退出的资产采取整体转让、转租、托管经营等方式处理;明确家庭农场退出需要承担的法律责任,参照相关法律政策,明确家庭农场退出的债务偿还规则;明确集体经济组织在家庭农场退出时的职能定位;通过制定内部规章制度明晰家庭农场成员间的\"权责利\"关系格局。     

基于“地权”“域权”视角的国土空间规划思考与 广东实践

研究目的：解析各层级国土空间规划行使的“域权”及规制的“地权”,从省级、城市两个空间尺度解析广东基于“地权”“域权”考量下的国土空间规划探索,为全国国土空间规划编制实践提供参考。研究方法：历史分析法、案例研究法。研究结果：（1）对土地实施用途管制本质上是对土地承载的各种权益即“地权”的规制。（2）基于对土地权利的界定和管理,空间规划成为不同层级政府代表国家行使配置和管理“地权”的公共政策,不同层级的空间规划单元享有特定的“域权”。（3）广东从省级、城市两个空间尺度,在国土空间规划中探索统筹不同空间尺度的“域权”,以通过提高政府在配置资源中与社会需求的匹配性来协调自然资源与人类社会经济发展的关系。研究结论：（1）国土空间规划对“地权”配置起决定性作用,涵盖政府与政府、政府与土地权利人、土地权利人之间的空间发展权益配置。（2）国土空间规划编制要基于对“地权”的界定和保护的原则下,凝聚不同空间尺度“域权”的力量,以实现保障国家安全、满足国家发展需求、促进资源资产增值“三大目标”。（3）基于广东实践,省级“域权”重点是贯彻落实国家意志,构建保护与发展相协调的国土空间开发保护格局,协调空间资源总量与布局;城市“域权”重点是优化调整城市功能空间组织,协调好政府、社会、市场利益及土地使用权人的空间价值权益。     

Green Food Consumption in China: Segmentation Based on Attitudes Toward Food Safety

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this report are twofold: to examine the demographic factors that drive demand for green food and to segment Chinese consumers based on their attitudes toward food safety. An online survey was used to collect consumer behavior information. A total of 402 responses were obtained covering participants who lived in 24 provinces and municipalities in China. Probit modeling, analysis of variance, and cluster analysis are used. Income, education, age, gender, presence of young children, household size, and overseas experience are variables that have an impact on green food purchase. Young, wealthy men, who have young children and live in a small household, are likely to buy green food. The survey shows that Chinese consumers are willing to pay a price premium for green food; however, price will be a major factor restricting the growth of the green food label in China, given market prices. Three segments―the “distrustful consumer,” the “ambivalent consumer,” and the “trusting consumer”―are identified for market segmentation purposes.     

Consumers’ Response to Genetically Modified Ingredients in Processed Food in an Emerging Economy

Genetically modified (GM) foods are available in many countries including post–Soviet Union countries. However, empirical evidence on consumer acceptance for this region is scarce. In this study, we investigate consumers’ willingness to purchase a processed food containing GM ingredients. For this purpose, a consumer survey was conducted in 2015 in Tajikistan. In many aspects, our results confirm previous empirical findings showing that women are more skeptical toward GM food and a higher level of respondents’ education and the presence of minors in households are negatively correlated with their willingness to purchase a processed food containing GM ingredients. Moreover, a higher risk perception of GM food is negatively associated with the probability to purchase and consume such foods. However, our results indicate that risk perceptions of GM food seem to be relatively low in comparison to other studies with 41.5% of Tajik respondents connecting no risks with GM food. This result is surprising given the existing knowledge about post–Soviet Union consumers who are usually assumed to reject GM food due to their strong focus on naturalness.     

新时代国土空间治理科技创新体系研究

研究目的：探讨新时代国土空间治理科技创新体系的战略框架,为系统推进国土空间治理基础理论与关键技术研究提供参考。研究方法：专家咨询、文献研究和案例分析。研究结果：提出了以“一核六系”为主体的新时代国土空间治理科技创新体系,包括建立国土空间系统科学理论（“一核”）,并以此为核心,构建国土空间综合监测与评估、优化开发、关键区带协同与融合、动态诊断与预警、整治修复与功能提升以及智能优化与管控技术体系（“六系”）。研究结论：（1）与新时代国土空间治理的实践需求和发展趋势相比,当前相关基础理论和关键技术供给相对不足,前瞻性战略科技研发明显滞后,科技短板还比较突出,亟需建立新时代国土空间治理科技创新体系;（2）“一核六系”国土空间治理科技创新体系基于内在的科学逻辑,有望形成整体性科技创新合力,共同为新时代国土空间治理提供科技支撑;（3）“一核六系”国土空间治理科技创新体系的构建是一个由分散到集成,再到融合的协同创新过程,是复杂的系统工程,需要多学科、多主体共同努力,要从重大研究计划、学科、平台、团队、国际合作等方面共同发力。