再谈企业并购

探讨企业并购问题 ,目的在于指导企业在新经济形势下的并购行为 ,使并购后的新组合体能有效整合 ,并促使其稳定、持续、协调发展。从企业并购的概念入手 ,分析企业并购应考虑的主要因素 ;并购收益、并购风险、并购成本 ,并在此基础上探讨如何成功实现企业并购。     

上市公司并购的博弈方法研究

上市公司并购是我国经济发展的必然要求,企业实施并购策略时面临极其复杂和动态的环境,是否并购及如何并购是摆在决策者面前非常重要的问题。博弈论是进行战略分析的有效工具,借助于博弈论的思想可以建立并购实施的基本模型,模型有利于企业设计科学的决策方案,充分考虑竞争对手和目标企业的影响,为成功并购奠定基础。     

A Marriage Metaphor Model for Sociocultural Integration in International Mergers and Acquisitions

The purpose of this article is to gain a better understanding about the sociocultural integration process in international mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by developing a marriage metaphor model for these transactions. Building on the metaphor of M&As as “marriages” between organizations, the presented model suggests that the sociocultural integration process consists of three interrelated phases: the dating, mating, and creating periods. Extant research, however, focuses primarily on the pre‐M&A contingency and post‐M&A process periods, which correspond to the dating and creating phases, respectively, and treats these research streams in relative isolation. This paper attempts to integrate these streams of research in the contexts of M&As across cultures, and further sets out to shed light onto the third, underresearched closing period, which corresponds to the mating phase in the forwarded model. In so doing, this paper endeavors to propose a dynamic perspective of the sociocultural integration in international M&As to emphasize the interrelatedness and on‐going character of this three‐stage process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

国家距离对跨国零售企业东道国选择的影响

本文首先采用国家距离模型研究了地理距离、文化距离、经济距离以及商业治理距离对跨国零售企业东道国选择决策的影响。接着,进一步研究了在不同扩张方向下,经济距离、商业治理距离对跨国零售企业东道国选择决策的影响。实证结果表明:地理距离、文化距离负向影响零售企业东道国进入选择;在正向扩张方向下,经济距离负向影响零售企业东道国进入选择,商业治理距离正向影响零售企业东道国进入选择;而在负向扩张方向下,经济距离正向影响零售企业东道国进入选择,商业治理距离负向影响零售企业东道国进入选择。最后,本文对发展中国家优化"引进来"、提升"走出去"进行了讨论。     

跨国并购企业文化整合情景演化与系统仿真研究

中国企业跨国并购大多处于"文化逆势"的情境之下,在分析跨国并购后中国企业所面临的文化逆势障碍基础上,本文采用系统动力学方法构建文化整合过程的SD模型,根据文化整合的成本与收益探究企业文化整合的四种情景,利用Vensim Dss仿真软件分析自我实现、工作价值、沟通交流、认可信任、薪酬激励、股权激励对文化整合的影响。结果表明精神激励、情感激励、物质激励能有效促进并购企业双方的文化整合,且三者存在互补效应。因此,该研究成果不仅有助于完善和发展并购整合理论体系,而且能为中国企业跨国并购文化整合的方案设计及实施提供参考。     

企业并购认识上的四大误区

长期以来,人们在对企业并购的认识上陷入了四大误区:并购是提高企业经济效益的法宝、并购是实现规模经济的最有效途径、并购方是最大的受益者、并购是挽救亏损企业的灵丹妙药。本文从理论和实践两个方面,全面地剖析了这些误区。     

并购中跨文化整合的机理研究

在跨国环境下,企业跨文化整合被公认是企业并购整合过程中最难的部分,企业整合能否成功成为企业并购成功的关键。本文分析了国际化进程中中国企业跨国并购的整合内涵与模式以及整合绩效,并从财务、技术、市场和流程的视角研究跨国并购中跨文化管理能力及其影响企业跨国并购整合绩效的路径,进而构建了跨文化管理能力影响企业跨国并购整合绩效的关联模型。     

论跨国公司FDI中基于垄断优势的并购及其效应——兼评邓宁的OLI范式

在邓宁OLI范式的基础上,对于跨国公司的三种优势而言,垄断优势(所有权优势)是决定其FDI最根本的因素;在动态的国际经营环境中,跨国公司将通过跨国并购的方式维持既有优势和创造新的垄断优势。FDI的这种新趋势,其直接效应就是跨国公司在世界范围内形成对诸多产业的产业控制,使发展中国家面临着新的更多的挑战。     

Mergers and Acquisitions in Ownership Restructuring of Chinese Firms

This paper investigates mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the context of firm ownership restructuring in China, via several theoretical lenses including organizational learning and population ecology theories. It highlights the effect of organizational learning on the choice of M&A in ownership restructuring, based on the assumption that the choice might be favored by poor-performing firms. By employing a hierarchical linear regression model, this article examines the cross-level moderating effects of the density of ownership restructuring patterns on the performance-M&A relationship. Several key findings have been revealed. At the individual firm level, performance is negatively related to its choice of M&A. The ownership restructuring pattern that firms adopted is positively associated with its choice of M&A. Moreover, at the industry level, the density of patterns in an industry positively moderates the performance-M&A relationship.     

海外并购的风险分析与防范策略

论文主要依据文献研究法、定性分析法和定量分析法并结合案例分析法分析企业跨国并购中的风险并提出对策。以便可以有效地对并购风险进行防范,使我国企业海外并购获得成功,对我国企业海外并购理论研究及并购实践发挥积极作用。     

我国制造业企业逆向跨国并购研究

我国制造业企业逆向跨国并购具有获取稀缺战略性资源、重构企业内分工以及增强消费者认同等独特功效,同时也面临缺乏价值链高端环节运作经验、缺乏高级垄断性生产要素和强势企业文化等弱势困境。通过对经典案例的分析发现,具有某些特定的所有权优势、实施"借力"策略和渐进式文化整合有助于我国制造业企业逆向跨国并购的成功,而预设交易成功、信息不对称、道德风险等却使我国部分实施逆向跨国并购企业付出惨重代价。     

饭店并购的财务问题及风险规避

并购是现代饭店常见的一种资本运作,能有效地实现饭店的快速扩张。并购能够提高饭店的规模经济效率,降低交易费用,使饭店多元化发展。但饭店在并购中会出现并购目标饭店价值评估、并购饭店的支付方式、并购饭店的融资等一系列的财务问题。正确认识饭店并购的价值评估风险、流动性风险、融资风险和汇率风险等财务风险并进行合理规避十分重要。     

Political Connections,Government Intervention and Acquirer Performance in Cross‐border Mergers and Acquisitions: an Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Acquirers

The extant literature suggests that the political connections enjoyed by Chinese acquiring firms have both positive and negative effects on their performance in cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (CBMA). We employed firm‐level data on Chinese acquirers from 2001 to 2012, demonstrating that the effect of political connections on mergers and acquisitions performance is determined by external government intervention. Holding the level of political connections constant, the greater the degree of government intervention is, the worse the acquirer's performance in cross‐border mergers and acquisitions will be. We also demonstrated that political connections affect acquirer performance in cross‐border mergers and acquisitions through the channel of preferential access to bank financing, and the acquiring firms' high cash holdings, which are encouraged by the ease of bank financing, have a negative effect on acquirer CBMA performance. Using the Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition, we investigated changes in the Chinese acquirers' performance following changes in the external policy environment in 2008 and the effect of political connections and other factors on this change.     

企业合并会计方法选择的经济后果分析

根据我国现行《企业会计准则》的规定,企业合并的会计处理方法原则上分别采用权益结合法和购买法进行会计处理。企业合并对会计方法的选择差异将会带来不同的会计后果,如果产生盈余管理的动机,则会利用会计方法的差异进行利润操纵。为了防止企业的这种行为,相关部门有必要出台相关政策予以完善,即以政策性规定或条文的形式,严格维护购买法和权益结合法的互斥关系;提高公允价值评估机构的获准入行的标准,确保公允价值评估的准确性和可信度;强化从业人员的专业胜任能力;对相关政策或准则规定有冲突的地方进行适当的修订。     

Impact of the Financial Crisis on Cross‐Border Mergers and Acquisitions and Concentration in the Global Banking Industry

The global banking industry has seen dramatic changes in the past 40 years. Most recently, the financial liberalization of emerging markets and the global financial crisis have significantly impacted the market share of banks worldwide. This article investigates the impact of the 2007–2008 financial crisis on cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the banking sector and emphasizes the role of emerging‐market banks in the postcrisis consolidation trend. Using M&A data and concentration data over the period 2000–2013, our analysis indicates that the financial crisis had a significant impact on worldwide M&As, especially on the direction of the transactions. Emerging‐market banks appear to be major acquirers in the postcrisis period, targeting both neighboring countries and developed economies in Europe. We also observe an increase in bank concentration in developed markets most hit by the financial crisis, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom, whereas bank concentration decreased in emerging markets. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

公司控制权、信息不对称与并购支付方式

本文以1998-2007年间我国沪深两市的253起并购事件为对象,从公司控制权和信息不对称角度研究了并购支付方式的影响因素,研究发现:(1)当主并方大股东的持股比例位于中间水平(30～60%)时,为避免控制权转移,主并方一般选择现金支付(包括承债支付);而当持股比例较低或较高(超出30～60%)时则更倾向于股票支付;(2)交易双方的相对规模愈小,信息不对称愈小,主并方愈倾向于采用现金支付.但交易双方是否位于相同行业,对并购支付方式选择无显著影响.研究还发现,主并方的资金实力与现金支付正相关,而财务杠杆、投资机会、有形资产等因素与并购支付方式的关系不明显.     

International Acquisitions,Domestic Competition and Firm Performance

This paper investigates the impact of foreign acquisition on domestic firm productivity. In contrast to previous studies it applies a difference‐in‐differences methodology based on a matched panel of firms in order to trace out such changes. It finds evidence of significant positive productivity effects following acquisition by US and European multinationals, at least in technology importing industries. Higher productivity gains are achieved the more competitive the industry in which acquisition occurs.     

关税壁垒的“筛选效应”与企业海外并购成功率

本文通过构建一个考虑企业生产率异质性的海外并购模型,发现了关税壁垒"筛选效应"这一影响企业海外并购成功率的新机制。具体而言,关税壁垒带来的"筛选效应"提高了企业成功开展海外并购所需的最低生产率水平,从而降低了企业海外并购成功率。在此基础上,通过匹配BVD-Zephyr全球并购交易数据库与Wind数据库来构造2008—2016年中国上市公司海外并购的微观样本,并利用广义倾向得分匹配模型修正样本选择性偏误,实证检验结果显示:关税壁垒的提高会引致企业海外并购成功率的下降,且该结论在敏感性分析中仍然成立;作用机制检验表明,关税壁垒的提高会显著提升海外并购成功企业的生产率,存在显著的"筛选效应"。因此,中国企业应通过提升自身生产率水平来应对关税壁垒对海外并购成功率的负面效应。     

跨国并购引发因素数量模型研究

企业选择跨国并购作为跨国直接投资方式是受到多种引发因素作用而产生的。而引发因素是由需要产生的,需要是引发因素的动力。但是并不是任何需要都触成为引发因素,只有和需要相适应的外部条件和内部相关条件出现时,需要才能成为跨国并购的引发因素。对跨国并购引发因素进行定量分析,建立跨国并购引发因素模型,有助于跨国公司对收益成本的预期和对风险的分析。     

外资并购对中国产业发展的效应分析与风险防范对策

外资并购对于中国产业发展存在正负两方面效应,一方面有利于微观市场主体再造、提升行业经营管理水平与经营层次,另一方面也可能会打破原有市场结构、影响国家经济安全及形成对外资的依赖。本文基于并购效应分析,提出了防范外资并购风险的若干对策建议。