福建省农户分化对林地流转行为的影响研究

基于集体林权制度改革后福建省10个县(市)274户农户的抽样调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分别建立农户林地转入模型、转出模型,实证检验农户分化对林地流转的影响。研究将农户分化分为农户收入水平上的分化和农户职业上的分化。研究表明:农户分化对农户林地流转行为影响显著,其中农户收入水平对福建省农户的林地转入行为在统计上有显著的负向影响,同时,对农户林地转出行为也有负向显著的影响;农户职业分化对农户林地转入行为有显著的负向影响,却对农户林地转出有正向影响。基于研究提出以城乡发展一体化推进林地流转、建立林地流转市场、建立健全林地流转保障体系、完善林地产权管理制度、合理引导林地租赁等建议。     

集体林权制度改革背景下农户林地流转行为选择——以辽宁省409户农户为例

基于集体林权制度改革后辽宁省11个县(市)409户林农的抽样调查数据,针对农户的林地流转行为运用二分类logistic回归模型,分别建立农户综合流转模型、流入模型与流出模型3种计量模型,定量分析农户林地流转行为选择的主要影响因素及其影响程度,并分别对其影响方向及影响程度进行了具体分析。结果表明:初始承包地面积、流转期限、林地流转难易程度对农户林地流入和流出行为均具有显著影响;户主年龄、家庭劳动力数量、非农林收入、是否拥有林业技术、交通条件对农户林地流出行为具有显著影响;是否有林业收入、林龄、对林改政策的了解程度、是否知道林地流转服务中心对农户林地流入行为具有显著影响。     

农户行为能力视角下的林地流转意愿及决策研究——以福建省10县(市)50村农户调查为例

立足于农户行为能力角度,从排他能力、交易能力和处置能力3个方面考察林地流转意愿及流转决策的影响因素。基于福建省10县(市)25镇(街道)50村506户农户调研样本数据,利用双变量Probit模型对林地流转意愿和流转决策影响因素进行实证分析,利用单方程Probit模型对林地流入和流出决策的影响因素进行分析的结果表明:在排他能力中承包合同的签订能显著激励流入、流出行为的发生;稳定的承包权能减少农户因害怕无法继续承包而大量流入林地,促进有序合理的流转;林业经营收入和林业补贴收入的强排他能力分别对农户流转行为产生显著的激励和抑制作用;交易能力对林地流转具有显著的正向效应;处置能力对流转行为产生显著负相效应;农户特征、家庭资源特征均对林地流转、林地流入和林地流出行为产生不同程度和不同方向的影响。     

集体林权制度改革背景下的农户林地流转行为分析

通过对集体林权制度改革背景下农户的林地流转行为进行统计描述分析,指出了目前农户林地流转行为的一些特征:农户林地流转的发生率还较低,但林改后较林改前有显著提高;农户林地流转尚未达到一定规模,距离真正的林业规模经营还相距甚远;农户林地流转的范围主要局限在本村村组内部,但林改后这种情况有所改观;林地流转的期限比较确定,林改后租赁期限明显较林改前租赁期限长。该文提出了进一步规范林地流转的建议。     

四川农户林地经营与流转行为研究——基于4个县(区)的农户调查

基于四川4个县(区)212户农户的样本数据,首先介绍样本区林地经营及流转概况,对比分析样本农户林地流转行为,进一步分析得出:样本区林权流转的流转主体规定不明确;规模化经营程度影响农户林业收入;林业经营缺乏劳动力;对政策和市场的了解程度影响农户的林地流转行为。最后,针对研究结论,提出了相应的政策建议。     

林地流转中不同类型农户决策行为博弈分析

研究目的:对林地流转中不同类型农户的林地流转决策行为进行博弈分析。研究方法:以博弈论为分析工具,建立林地流转中双方利益博弈模型的分析框架,并基于农户总预期收益函数构建林地流转双方决策行为博弈模型,对不同类型农户的林地流转决策行为进行博弈分析。研究结果:当同时存在一组满足林地流入方和林地流出方林业经营收益最大的劳动、资金和林地投入时,双方共同认可的流转租金价格为流转双方达成博弈的均衡解,即林地流入方和林地流出方实现(流转,流转)的策略,流转行为得以发生。研究结论:现实中通常会存在一些因素制约林地流转中均衡策略的选择,政府等有关部门应针对不均衡因素制定相应政策措施,以使林地流转均衡策略得以发生,达到促进林地流转的目的。     

基于内生性视角的非农就业对林地流转的效应评价——来自9省1497户林农的连续监测数据

本文构建了一个基于劳动力配置和林地流转的农户决策模型,在内生性视角下阐述了非农就业对林地流转的影响机制,据此提出了研究假说。并利用国家林业局经济发展研究中心在全国9个省份开展的大样本多年份连续监测数据,对上述假说进行实证检验。考虑到非农就业的内生性以及林地流转数据的截取性,本文采用了IV-Tobit模型及其估计方法。结果显示,非农就业行为对林地流入决策产生了负向影响,且在5%的统计水平上显著;相反,非农就业对林地流出具有正向的促进作用,但这种正向影响并未通过显著性检验。林地流入决策还显著受交易成本、木材价格等因素影响,而这些因素对林地流出均不显著。这反映出林地流入是受到市场机制影响的经济决策行为,而林地流出则是更偏向于受心理因素所决定的非市场化行为,二者在行为机制上的差异性为集体林改的后续配套改革提供了政策参考。     

农户林地流转决策行为影响因素分析——以江西为例

基于江西省30个县抽样调查228个有效样本的数据,对林权改革后农户林地流转行为的影响因素进行实证分析,利用logistic模型对林地流转行为与各个自变量进行了回归。结果表明:家庭劳动力数量、林地承包年限、林业经营风险、林改前的经营方式、家庭收入主要来源、林业投入和林业收入增加程度存在不同程度和不同方向上影响农户对林地流转的选择行为。     

林地流转对农户收入的影响

林地流转不仅是我国深化集体林权制度改革的重要内容,同时对优化林地资源配置、提高林地利用效率、促进农户经济发展具有重要作用。本文基于2019年对浙江省4个县(市、区)228个农户抽样调查数据,采用了DID模型实证分析了林地流转对农户收入的影响。研究发现:林地流入对农户人均林业收入、林业收入占比和人均收入产生了显著的正向影响。林地流出对林业收入占比存在显著的负影响。     

职业分化背景下农户林地流转决策行为选择分析

农户职业分化已呈必然趋势,林地流转决策行为存在一定差异。从成本收益视角讨论不同职业类型农户的林地流转总预期收益及其流转决策行为选择,并基于409户农户的调研数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明:理论上,专业农户倾向于流入决策,以农为主的兼业户倾向于流入和流出双重决策,以农为辅的兼业户倾向于流出决策;实践中,专业农户倾向于选择流入决策,以农为主的兼业户和以农为辅的兼业户均倾向于没有林地流转;造成二者差异的制约因素主要存在于资金瓶颈、劳动力禀赋、流转意愿、价格、林地流转信息、信任因素等。因此,需要拓宽林业经营融资渠道、促进涉农劳动力流转、提供林业新技术服务、增强农户理性认识和规范信息服务中介。     

集体林权制度改革后的农户林地流转意愿影响因素分析

根据辽宁省农户调查数据,利用二分类Logistic模型分析集体林权改革后影响农户林地流转意愿的影响因素及影响程度。结果表明:是否担任村干部、是否参加社会保险等因素显著影响农户林地转出意愿;劳动力数量、家庭月收入水平等因素显著影响林农林地转入意愿;农户在流转决策时,市场、制度等外部环境因素的影响要大于农户家庭经济水平等内部因素的影响。提出完善交易制度、公平落实采伐指标、发展交易市场、建立合作组织等政策建议。     

How forestland size affects household profits from timber harvests: A case-study in China’s Southern collective forest area

To improve the economies of scale in forest management and reduce the fragmentation of forestland, the Chinese central government has implemented a collective forest tenure supplementary reform since 2008. This has included a series of policies for motivating transfer of forestlands use rights among households in the country’s Southern Collective Forest Area (SCFA). However, to date there is little evidence that large-scale forest owners can earn more profits from timber harvests than small-scale forest owners in the SCFA. Using data collected from household surveys in the three of the SCFA’s provinces in 2016, this paper examines the return to scale of forestland ownership for timber harvests in this region, and how the scale of forestland ownership affects households’ profits from timber harvests. The results show a constant return to scale in timber harvests in the case provinces in China’s SCFA, that forestland area makes the most important contribution to the output of timber harvests, and that fragmentation of forestland results in lower profits from timber harvests. It appears that a moderate scale of forestland ownership should be identified for increasing the profits from timber harvests. With the rapid urbanization throughout China, an increase in off-farm employment among rural household members has a negative impact on timber harvests in the region. We argue that policymakers should realize the importance of encouraging the forestland transfers and improve the concentration of forestlands in the next stage of forest tenure rights reform in China’s SCFA.     

林农参与林业专业合作社的意愿与调查分析

基于对浙江省龙泉市林业专业合作社深入的调研进行实证分析。根据所得数据描述性的理论分析和统计分析结果构建的Probit模型对影响林农参与林业专业合作社的因素进行深入分析的结果表明:林农参与合作社的意愿受农户户主的年龄、林业收入占家庭总收入的比例、林产品销售问题、对林业专业合作社的了解程度等因素的影响。在此基础上,提出应该继续加强林业合作社的宣传工作、提高合作社的产品营销能力等发展农民专业合作社的相关对策建议。     

Has China’s new round of collective forest reforms caused an increase in the use of productive forest inputs?

Forestland tenure and financial incentives are the most important policy issue to sustainable forest resource management. The new wave of reform of collective forestland tenure (NRCFT) has been launched since 2003 and the governmental matching reform measures (MRMs) for the NRCFT have been introduced since 2009. The objective of these reforms is to enhance sustainable forest resource management in Chinese collective regions by encouraging rural households’ productive forest inputs. We use a unique dataset of 1778 sample households in 18 counties of nine provinces with six years and employ a fixed effects model with clustered standard errors. Our empirical results indicate that: 1) the NRCFT has increased households’ forestland area of different tenure types, and the effects of the MRMs on rural households’ labor input and production expenditures for forestry purposes are generally positive, especially household used forestland as collateral for a loan and afforestation or reafforestation subsidy and reform of Annual Allowance Cut (AAC) have significantly contributed to increase in the use of productive forest inputs; 2) the NRCFT and the MRMs have different impacts on the use of productive forest inputs for different tenure forests, and these reforms have caused the most significant changes in rural households’ production decision changes for household responsibility forestland; 3) both the NRCFT and the MRMs have significant effects on rural households’ rent-in and rent-out forestland; and 4) forestland fragmentations have caused additional labor and investment inputs for rural households’ forest resource management and protection. And finally, market drivers and household and village characteristics factors also affect households’ decisions for productive inputs for their managing forests.     

基于发展预期的农户退耕还林后续产业参与行为影响因素分析——对辽宁省农户的实证研究

以辽宁省为例,利用对彰武、北票的农户调查数据,分析了农户参与后续产业的预期,并通过二分类Logistic模型对农户参与退耕还林后续产业行为的影响因素进行了计量经济分析。研究表明,农户参与后续产业预期不高;农户参与后续产业既受到地块特征等自然因素的影响,也受到户主受教育程度等家庭因素的影响,农户的决策行为表现为有限理性。     

Specialization or diversification? The situation and transition of households’ livelihood in agricultural heritage systems

Zhagana Agriculture-Forest-Animal Husbandry Composite System (ZCS) is the first Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site in the Tibetan Plateau. Similar to many traditional agricultural regions, with the development of tourism and leisure agriculture, the peasant households in ZCS have gradually changed their livelihood strategies and livelihood activities in the past 10 years, resulting in the disappearance of some traditional farming methods and agricultural landscapes with a long history. By taking livelihood assets as the entry point and livelihood strategies as the core, this paper analyzed the basic situation of households’ livelihood and the transition mechanism of different livelihood strategies in order to offer suggestions for the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Agricultural Heritage Systems (AHS). (1) The livelihood strategies of peasant households in ZCS can be divided into two major categories: specialized strategies and diversified strategies. (2) According to the empirical calculation of the livelihood asset accounting framework of AHS, the average livelihood asset value of peasant households in ZCS is 2.040, showing that the situation of peasant households’ livelihood is inadequate. (3) The transition of peasant households’ livelihood strategies from traditional strategy to specialized or diversified livelihood strategies is mainly influenced by natural assets, human assets, cultural assets, social assets and informational assets. In order to meet the growing material and spiritual needs of peasant households and achieve the sustainable development of ZCS simultaneously, it is suggested that the agriculture-forestry-animal husbandry-tourism composite strategies shall be taken as the development direction of peasant households’ livelihood strategies.     

基于新疆玛纳斯县农户调查的农地流转问题分析及建议

农民是农地使用权流转的主体,对农户具体行为的研究可以直接反映现实情况,从而为决策者提供客观的决策依据.就参与农地流转情况对新疆玛纳斯县369户农户进行调研,结果表明:转包和出租仍是农地流转的主要形式、农地以自发流转为主、流转期限普遍较短、农地流转呈现出“非粮化”趋势.通过剖析当前农地流转的现状及呈现出的特点,认为农地使用权流转过程中需要重点关注农地流转的非粮化与粮食安全、政府在农地流转中的角色定位等问题,并提出农地流转必须兼顾粮食安全、规范政府职能、大力培育并完善中介服务组织的政策建议.     

2011年集体林权制度改革效果监测报告

通过对福建等7个省、56县、279村、2800户的入户调查,研究了样本地区集体林权制度改革进展和取得的成效:农户经营林地面积翻一番,营林投资水平提高,森林资源量质双增,林地产出率增加,农户对改革措施总体满意。急需国家在扩大政策性森林保险范围、发展林业合作组织、加强林业科技服务、强林惠林等方面出台政策。最后,从农户政策需求出发,探讨了国家下一步政策的基本取向,并在此基础上提出政策建议。     

农地市场化流转与农民多维权益实现困局——来自河南省孟楼镇的观察

基于中部省份孟楼镇的相关农户调查数据,本文对农地市场化流转中农民群体多维权益实现困局及其成因进行了讨论。结果表明:农地为农民群体所提供的就业功能在其流转后被逐步剥离,本地就业机会的缺失以及异地非农就业的"技能门槛",构成了这一群体就业权益实现的重要约束。农地作为乡村文化的有形载体在其流转后趋于弱化,外出务工者带回的"城市文化"与传统乡村文化的冲突引致了农民群体价值取向的重构,构成了农地流转中这一群体文化权益相对缺失的重要原因。农地市场化流转制度不完善导致流转收益分配合理性的相对不足,以及基层政府以"经济权益"实现为主的农地流转工作理念与农民非经济权益意识觉醒之间的冲突则进一步恶化了农民群体多维权益实现的困局。     

沈阳市林权抵押贷款及其影响因素的调查研究

以沈阳市为倒,利用对辽中、法库的农户调查数据,分析集体林权改革后农户利用林权抵押贷款的模式、资金使用去向、满意程度等,剖析了非贷款农户未参与抵押贷款的原因,对影响农户林权抵押贷款的因素进行了计量经济分析.结果表明:有48%的农户将抵押贷款用于扩大非林业领域生产活动,这与国家出台林权抵押贷款政策初衷存在一定程度的脱节;贷款利率高低和还款期长短等因素对林权抵押贷款有显著影响,即当前林权抵押贷款利率较高和贷款期限过短是制约林权抵押贷款发展的重要因素,也是非贷款农户不选择抵押贷款获得发展资金的最主要原因.