中国现代化支付系统建设情况概述

中国现代化支付系统(CNAPS)由大额实时支付系统和小额批量系统两个系统组成,主要提供跨行、跨地区的金融支付清算服务,能有效支持公开市场操作、债券交易、同业拆借、外汇交易等金融市场的资金清算,并将银行卡信息交换系统、同城票据交换所等其他系统的资金清算统一纳入支付系统处理,是中国人民银行发挥中央银行作为最终清算者和金融市场监督管理者职能作用的金融交易和信息管理决策系统。     

第二代支付系统新特征分析

正中国人民银行第二代支付系统(简称第二代支付系统)于2013年10月8日成功切换上线,在第一代支付系统成功经验基础之上,进行了较大的改进和完善,解决了第一代支付系统中存在的突出问题。同时,充分引入现代支付清算业务管理理念和先进的信息技术,充分适应新兴电子支付发展需要,具有一定前瞻性和先进性,是一个功能更完善、架构更合理、技术更先进、管理更科学的支付系统。第二代支付系统以清算账户管理系统为核心系统,大额支付系统、小     

支付清算系统运行风险防范及管理

包括大额支付系统、小额支付系统和支票影像交换系统等在内的支付结算系统是中央银行履行支付清算职能、改进金融服务的重要核心系统,是连接商品交易和社会经济活动的资金“大动脉”。从基层人民银行支付清算系统运行实践看,系统运行平稳,有力地促进了社会经济金融的发展,但支付清算系统运行过程中显现的风险也不容忽视,需要及时予以防范和管理。     

建设人民币跨境支付系统若干问题探讨

为适应人民币跨境支付业务的发展需要,央行决定组织开发独立的人民币跨境支付系统(CIPS)。开发建设人民币跨境支付系统,既要借鉴国际上主要货币跨境支付清算系统的成熟经验,又要结合国情探讨系统建设中可能遇到的若干问题。     

支付清算系统运行风险防范及管理

包括大额支付系统、小额支付系统和支票影像交换系统等在内的支付结算系统是中央银行履行支付清算职能、改进金融服务的重要核心系统．是连接商品交易和社会经济活动的资金“大动脉”。从基层人民银行支付清算系统运行实践看,系统运行平稳,有力地促进了社会经济金融的发展,但支付清算系统运行过程中显现的风险也不容忽视．需要及时予以防范和管理。     

我国票据交换系统发展现状与建议

近年来,为适应社会主义市场经济发展的要求,人民银行加快了支付清算体系的建设步伐。于2005年6月,完成了大额支付系统在全国的推广应用,实现了跨行资金清算的零在途。同步开发建设的小额批量支付系统也将于2006年6月底前完成在全国范围内的推广应用。这标志着以现代化支付系统为核心,商业银行行内系统为基础,各地同城票据交换系统和卡基支付系统并存的支付清算体系初步形成,支付清算体系的发展需要功能完善的支付工具体系为依托。长期以来,在我国     

支付系统的结构及优化探讨

中国现代化支付系统CNAPS(简称支付系统)正式投产,是我国支付清算体系规范化建设的重要里程碑。按计划,2003年9月底将推广到31个省会城市和深圳市,2004年上半年推广到305个副省级和地级市城市(统称为地级市),最终取代全国电子联行系统和各地同城电子清算系统。 作为一个规模庞大的联机交易处理(OLTP)系统,支付系统全面推广之后再做修改、调整的难度很大。因此,在支付系统进一步向地级市推广之前,我们提出设置一个“调整完善期”完成如下工作,使支付清算体系的发展更稳健。     

构建和谐支付清算体系是有效履行金融服务职能的必然选择

构建和谐完善的支付清算体系,是我国构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容,是现代经济社会发展的客观要求,是我国金融事业发展的迫切需要,是人民银行有效履行金融服务职能的必然选择。本文拟对和谐完善的支付清算体系的内涵进行初步探讨,对支付清算体系在我国国民经济中所发生的重要作用从支付清算系统的建立与完善、非现金支付工具的运用、支付组织的多元化与市场化、农村支付环境的改善、政府监管机制的建立、边贸支付合作的加强等六个方面进行阐述,并结合我国支付清算系统的实际,分析了人民银行要有效履行金融服务职能,构建和谐完善的支付清算体系,必须从狠抓支付清算系统的基础设施建设、健全完善票据管理制度、构建完善银行卡体系、鼓励和规范电子支付等新兴业务、加强银行账户管理、作好涉外支付环境建设、全面改善农村支付清算环境等七个方面作手,才能实现支付清算系统的和谐构建、和谐运行、和谐发展。     

第二代支付清算系统投产对商业银行的影响

中央银行支付清算系统是支付清算体系的中枢,也是确保经济、金融正常运行的重要基础设施之一.随着我国市场经济的发展,由中国人民银行主导的第一代支付清算系统已经不能满足现代经济和金融快速发展的需要,迫切需要建立操作简便、运行安全、管理集中、统一支付的大支付清算平台—第二代支付清算系统,而新的支付清算系统的投产必将对我国商业银行的经营活动带来深远的影响.本文从以下几个方面进行了分析:第一,第二代支付清算系统介绍;第二,重点分析了第二代支付清算系统的建设对我国商业银行经营活动产生的影响;第三,针对存在的风险及机遇,分析商业银行应该采取何种措施做好系统投产后的管理,以增强市场竞争力.     

对支付系统建设的思考

中国现代化支付系统(以下简称支付系统)的建没,最终将取代全国电子联行和各地同城电子清算系统,形成一个以支付系统为核心、商业银行行内汇兑系统为基础、各地同城票据交换所并存的中国现代化支付清算体系,未来中国支付清算系统的组成部分可以简单描述为:支付系统 同城票据清算系统。但在我国支付系统规划和开发的数年中,商业银行不断推进"数据大集中",网络技术不断发展,支付清算的环境发生了显著变化,因此,在支付系统的推广和后续建设过程中存在一些值得深入探讨的问题,例如:在保持     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.