建立我国巨灾保险制度的思考

2008年初南方雨雪冰冻灾害及5.12汶川大地震等一系列灾害事故的发生,给我国造成了十分严重的损失,同时也显现出了我国保险业在巨灾风险管理中的不足,使得巨灾应急机制的建设受到了各个方面的重视。巨灾保险制度能进行灾前的防灾防损和灾后的经济补偿及社会管理,是应对巨灾风险的有力工具。我国是世界上第三大巨灾多发国,巨灾的种类多、范围广、强度大,但保险业在巨灾风险管理中的作用却没得到很好的发挥,巨灾保险机制还存在着一些问题。近几年,随着我国经济的发展和金融保险市场的不断完善,建立巨灾保险制度已势在必行。     

保险转移理论在电力企业灾后风险管理中的应用

近两年我国遭受了严重的自然灾害,这些灾害给电力行业造成了巨大的损失,带来了前所未有的风险.面对这些风险,电力企业必须引入风险管理理念,而保险转移在风险管理中起到了非常重要的作用.本文旨在通过揭示电力行业面临的挑战,进一步延伸到如何运用保险转移理论解决电力企业风险管理的问题.     

困境与超越:政府灾害与风险管理职能论析

基于战略风险规避论域,以汶川大地震为切入点,分析政府灾害与风险管理职能存在的问题,以及政府灾害与风险管理职能有效发挥的规约性因素,在此基础上探讨政府在紧急状态下灾害与风险管理职能的有效发挥,就可以对政府在紧急状态下高效地发挥管理职能,提出一些合理化的建议.     

对我国灾害管理体系与能力建设现状、问题的思考与对策建议

防灾减灾救灾是人类社会生存发展的永恒课题。本文以安徽省为例，概述了其灾害、灾情及特点，并以习近平总书记关于防灾减灾的新理念、新思想、新战略为指导，重点分析了安徽省灾害管理体系与能力建设取得的进展、存在的问题及其原因，在此基础上提出加强全省各类灾害的风险评估及早期预防、理顺和完善各级灾害应急管理体制机制、强化基层、社区、公众应对灾害事故的意识与能力、加强防灾减灾的科技支撑体系建设。     

基于可保风险泛化的风暴潮灾害保险定价研究

提高海洋灾害的风险管理能力、降低灾害损失,是海洋强国战略实施的重要保障。在依照可保风险泛化条件辨识风暴潮灾害风险可保性的基础上,本文创新并完善了一套基于非参数估计模型的海洋灾害保险定价方法,并通过构建信度保费厘定模型计算了风暴潮灾害综合险纯费率,从费率厘定的动态调整、灾害保险体系建设等方面提出了对策建议,以期为完善海洋灾害风险管理体制提供参考。     

风险沟通在社会保障风险管理中的应用——以我国养老保险支付风险为例

沟通是危机管理的中心内容。风险沟通对于促进事件处理、告知公众真相、增强政府威信、疏导公众情绪、维护社会稳定具有很大的作用。将风险沟通理论引入到养老保险支付风险管理中,从预防沟通、应急沟通和善后处理三方面讨论了我国养老保险发展过程中的风险沟通思路。     

灾害财务学初探

企业是国民经济的重要基础,作为企业核心构成部分的财务系统应该在新的灾害风险环境下服务于建设"资源节约型、环境友好型"社会之大局。但由于缺乏灾害财务理论的指导,我国企业灾害财务管理实践尚处于摸索阶段。因此,构筑专门的学科理论体系,以应对日益增长的自然灾害风险对企业和国民经济造成的冲击,是我们必须着手解决的重大现实课题。本文在对灾害财务的研究现状、概念、特点以及企业灾害财务学的主要内容研究的基础上,就我国抗灾防灾资金长效机制的建立进行了探讨。     

VaR方法在我国商业银行市场风险管理中的应用

随着我国金融市场不断地对外开放,现有的风险管理方法已不足以应对日渐加大的市场风险,加强商业银行市场风险管理已经刻不容缓.通过运用VaR市场风险计量方法的基本原理,结合实例,从规避市场风险入手,对我国商业银行市场风险管理中的优势和局限性进行分析,得出VaR方法应当被作为我国商业银行实施风险管理和控制的必要程序,应创建并完善应用VaR方法进行风险管理所需的条件,即风险管理的数据信息化建设,建立合理的内部评级方法,风险管理的团队建设等结论,从而增强我国商业银行抵御市场风险的能力.     

大庆地区农业生产风险管理对策研究

大庆地区农业生产面临着自然、市场、技术和社会等多种风险。为了减少各种风险对农业生产的影响,应建立综合性灾害风险管理体系,积极发展订单农业,建立和完善农业保险制度和利用金融衍生工具,提高农村教育水平和提高农业管理者和生产者的风险意识。     

灾害风险管理评价方法研究

如何科学地评价灾害风险已经成为当今社会的一个重要课题。本文探讨了各种风险评价方法的具体应用和优缺点,并就建立综合性灾害风险管理评价方法和体系提出了笔者的建议。     

浅谈区域性灾害教育在地理教学中的重要性

防灾减灾教育在地理教育中占据着重要的地位,地理教育担负起防灾减灾教育的重任是适应新的课程标准的要求。地理课堂作为防灾减灾教育的主阵地,要思考怎样提高学生的防灾、减灾意识,以高中地理教学为例,谈谈本人的看法。     

Using Games in Community Disaster Prevention Exercises

Currently, there is a growing interest in disaster prevention exercises such as games, debates, workshops, and “town walks” that involve the active participation of community members as an alternative to seminars in which disaster prevention experts simply share their knowledge and skills. We have developed a disaster prevention game called Crossroad for use in local disaster prevention programs. It is a group learning game, in which players read cards with a scenario written on each card. The scenarios were derived from extensive, focus-group interviews with disaster veterans of the Kobe Earthquake of 1995 that killed more than 6400 people and described the dilemmas faced by these veterans. To deal with the dilemma, each player was required to make a “Yes” or No decision on two conflicting alternatives. We used Crossroad as a part of tsunami disaster prevention, community-building workshops for citizens of Kishiwada city in Osaka, Japan. The results suggested the importance of motivating local people to find a socially “viable” solution through their own strength, rather than forcing a community to accept a universally “correct” solution prescribed in advance by outsiders. It is concluded that the Crossroad game can be used effectively as a new communication medium to promote the active participation of community members.     

灾论

本文在阐述灾难的内涵并对灾难进行分类的基础上,揭示了灾难的后果和影响。文章指出,人类的生产、科学实验、战争等活动不停息,人类就不可避免地会遭遇灾难。任何灾难都会给人类造成严重的损失和伤害。鉴于灾难的发生及其后果、人类在灾难面前的表现和作为,人类应该正确认识灾难、客观总结灾难,吸取教训,不断增强防灾抗灾的能力,甚至让灾难造福于人类。     

Unmastered risks: From crisis to catastrophe: An economic and management insight

In contrast to sociology, economics, and above all, business economics has not yet discovered disaster management as a research topic even though this subject affects many areas of economics due to its interdisciplinary character. The enormous economic losses suffered by private parties, businesses and public institutions in crisis events, the huge amounts of money which are spent in disaster prevention, as well as the challenges that providing emergency management and disaster control present, contain many issues and have an increasing social and economic relevance. This article takes a close look at the concept of disaster from an economic and management point of view to mitigate the impact on human beings and environment. Based on the rational choice approach the study analyzes the state of preparedness that is mainly responsible for good or poor disaster prevention and presents a theoretical framework for a comprehensive disaster management including examples of practical applications. The conclusion outlines several important areas of future research in business economics.     

灾后救助的人道主义供应链研究

本文发现并描述了灾后救助中人道主义供应链的运作特征,并对其人不同主体进行区分,旨在灾后救助中进一步深化供应链的理解与实施。     

Disaster planning and response by tourist business executives

The tourist industry represents a disaster vulnerability of catastrophic potential. Disaster evacuation planning is one strategy for mitigating this vulnerability. Based on intensive interviews with executives responsible for 185 tourist businesses, this article reports the first empirical data base for answering five questions: (1) What factors stimulated their disaster evacuation planning? (2) What model patterns described the planning processes used? (3) How much planning had been done? (4) What modal patterns described their disaster evacuation decision-making process? (5) What are the lessons? The key conclusion is that the tourist industry must respond proactively to a rapidly expanding vulnerability through both internal firm-specific disaster planning initiatives and partnerships to ensure adequate levels of community response capacity. Failure to do so will keep an expanding tourist population at risk. This, in turn, threatens future customer relations that may place such businesses in jeopardy.     

救灾物流系统管理的国际经验与借鉴

发生雪灾、地震等巨灾后,快速地将救灾设备以及药品、日用品等运往灾区可以最大程度降低灾害带来的损失。本文尝试通过分析美国、日本对待地震等巨灾发生前后物流管理的经验,以期为国内救灾物流管理提供参考。     

团体辅导在大学生情绪调适及灾后心理援助中的应用研究

团体心理辅导近年来广泛地运用于学校心理健康教育及灾难事件发生后的心理援助,其中情绪调适团体辅导是重要内容之一。我校运用认知行为疗法理论设计的情绪调适团体辅导方案,从情绪体验、认知建构、行为训练和评估反馈等方面进行应用实施,在各类大学生群体情绪调适和灾后心理援助中都收到了较好的效果。     

Effects of Color in Disaster Relief Advertising and the Mediating Role of Cognitive Elaboration

The current research examined the effects of color format (text only, text with black-and-white photo, text with full-colored photo, and text with color highlighted on the main visual subject) and issue involvement (high versus low) on individuals’ psychological reactions (attitude, feeling of empathy, and intention to help) to disaster relief ad. Two studies were conducted using student and general public samples. Results from both studies indicated ads with photos, especially black-and-white photos, generated more positive attitude, greater feeling of empathy, and stronger intention to participate in charity activities. Higher issue involvement also leads to more positive attitude and stronger behavioral intention. An interaction effect between color format and issues involvement was found in Study 2. The mediating role of cognitive elaboration was also explored.