欧盟在国际气候谈判中的政策立场分析

欧盟是国际气候谈判的最初发起者,是事实上的京都进程国际气候谈判的领导者,也是京都模式的坚定支持者。国际体系结构是欧盟采取这种立场的最根本动因。冷战后的国际体系结构在一超多强的总体结构下是一种单极与多极并存的双重复合型结构,而应对全球气候变化的温室气体减排行动最终会深刻影响未来国家(集团)在国际体系中的实力地位并最终决定国际体系的权力分配。对未来影响的考量以及争取成为未来世界重要一极的战略意图是欧盟采取积极主动的减排立场并担当国际气候谈判领导者角色的根本动因。     

全球气候变化信息传播扩散模型及实证分析

引进从信息认知到观点认同的滞后因子,运用改进型的传染病扩散模型建立起全球气候变化信息传播模型,对中国、德国和意大利3个代表性国家的数据进行实证分析,探讨了公众环境意识水平在减缓气候变化行动中起到的作用,研究表明大多数国家都处于信息传播初期,需要进一步加强媒体传播。     

China in the Global Response to Climate Change

China has a huge national interest in the success of the international effort to hold human-induced increases in temperature to 1.5 degrees – and therefore in global net emissions falling to net zero by 2050. China is essential to the success of the global effort – as a supplier of competitively priced equipment for the zero emissions world economy and as the world's largest current source of greenhouse gas emissions. Success is more likely for China and the world with international specialization in goods production for the zero emissions economy. This will require open international trade, with China supplying equipment and drawing zero emissions semi-processed goods from abroad. Success is more likely and will be achieved at a lower cost if there is close cooperation across national boundaries.     

Forestry,Forest Fires,and Climate Change in Indonesia

In recent months, strong global growth, rebounding commodity prices, and relatively accommodative financial conditions have benefited the Indonesian economy. The first quarter of 2017 in Indonesia saw resilient GDP growth, moderate inflation, stable exchange rates, an increase in the growth of non-oil exports, and an investment upgrade from ratings agency Standard & Poor's. Investment growth, however, did not pick up enough to drive overall growth to a higher rate. The poor quality of banking-sector assets and the gaps in tax revenue—despite the fulfilment of the government's tax-amnesty program—are two of the most immediate economic concerns. President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), who is well into the second half of his term, is under pressure to deliver on his development platform, which includes making progress in sustainable development and climate change mitigation. The effective management of forests is key to this platform. There has been longstanding tension over Indonesia's forests between the protection of environmental values, including carbon storage, and the production of valuable commodities, including timber, palm oil, and pulpwood, which generate revenue and employment. We survey recent developments in four storylines related to forestry and climate change: first, Indonesia's commitment to reducing emissions to 29%–41% below projected business-as-usual levels by 2030, as well as the international climate agreements and finance that can help achieve this commitment; second, land-use rights and regulations, including a moratorium on clearing, draining, or setting fires on peatland; third, measures to prevent catastrophic forest fires like those during the 2015 El Niño, including the establishment of the Peatland Restoration Agency; and, fourth, the actions of non-state actors, especially large agribusinesses, in managing forests and peatland. We conclude by discussing differences in the approaches of Jokowi's administration and those of former president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's administration and by questioning whether Indonesia's budgeted resources, actions, and results to date are commensurate with its climate commitments.     

技术创新、气候变化与经济增长理论的扩展及其应用——2018年度诺贝尔经济学奖得主主要经济理论贡献述评

瑞典皇家科学院将2018年度的诺贝尔经济学奖授予保罗·罗默和威廉·诺德豪斯,以表彰他们把技术创新和气候变化纳入宏观经济学分析框架从而对经济增长理论发展所做出的杰出贡献。本文在简要回顾索洛新古典经济增长模型理论与实证研究的基础上,重点阐述罗黙和诺德豪斯对扩展经济增长理论及其应用的主要理论贡献,以及他们的研究是如何构成西方经济学中既有经济持续增长可能性又有经济负增长乃至突然崩溃的相对完整的经济增长理论逻辑体系的。同时,简要讨论他们的理论对发展中国家,特别是我国在制定有关促进技术创新、转变经济增长方式以及构造绿色发展体系等政策措施方面的借鉴意义。     

Child Labor in Carpet Weaving: Impact of Social Labeling in India and Nepal

Does the labeling of tradable products like carpets which have been produced without child labor increase the welfare of children and their families? This paper presents results of surveys conducted in India and Nepal. The findings suggest a positive link between social labeling and the removal of child laborers for households above the subsistence level. However, for households below the subsistence level, no significant influence has been found.