生计资本、社会环境与贫困人口务工就业意愿

实现贫困人口务工就业作为脱贫攻坚时期贫困人口脱贫的主要方法,在巩固脱贫攻坚成果时期,同样具有可行性和有效性。因此,研究贫困人口务工就业意愿对巩固脱贫攻坚成果具有重要现实价值。本文从可持续生计和社会学习的角度建立二元Logistics回归模型,分析生计资本与社会环境对贫困人口务工就业意愿的影响。研究发现,在贫困人口的生计资本中,人力资本、社会资本和金融资本是影响贫困人口务工就业意愿的关键资本。同时,在社会环境中,贫困村的务工就业氛围对贫困人口的务工就业意愿呈显著正相关。在巩固脱贫攻坚成果时期,鼓励贫困人口务工就业措施更应聚焦贫困人口的类型特征,以实现政策的精确和高效。     

Capital Structure and Investment Financing of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Vietnam

Insufficient sources of internal financing and inaccessibility of external financing are acknowledged as crucial constraints on new investment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study examines how capital structure is related to investment decision for SMEs in Vietnam. In particular, we investigate the effect of capital structure on the decision to seek new investment as well as the choice of its financing sources. The main results reveal that SMEs with high financial leverage tend to engage more in seeking new investment. Moreover, empirical results demonstrate that among SMEs seeking new investment, those with higher financial leverage are more likely to choose external financing rather than internal financing. These results confirm the dynamic feature of the pecking order theory in the context of SMEs’ capital structure in Vietnam.     

North versus South: The Impact of Social Norms in the Market Pricing of Private Property Rights in Vietnam

Despite a centralized political system, country-wide legal reforms, and similar high housing demand pressures, property rights have evolved differently in Vietnam’s two leading cities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), during the transition period. Using ethnographic fieldwork and a hedonic price model, the study shows that the two land and housing markets price tenure ambiguity differently. The different price structures indicate the importance of norms, as socially constructed by local political interests and culture, in the efficacy of land title regularization programs.     

越南农村土地制度革新:历程、特点及启示

本文分析了越南农村土地制度革新的演变历程,归纳出越南农村土地制度革新的三个特点:制度变迁的渐进性及其法律匹配、制度安排的弹性特征与分类处理、产权权能的物权属性与清晰界定。并以越南改革经验为借鉴,提出了在中国新一轮的思想解放中农村土地制度创新的若干启示和建议。     

FDI and inequality in Vietnam: An approach with census data

We investigate the effects of inward FDI on income distribution and absolute living standards in Vietnam using census data from 1989 to 2009. We compute the number of employees of foreign establishments in each of Vietnam's provinces for each year, and use that as a measure of local FDI. We estimate the effects of FDI on local households’ living standards as reported in the data, broken down by educational background to allow us to analyze effects on inequality. Estimates based on the repeated cross section indicate that rising FDI in a province is associated with a slight decline in living standards for households there if they do not have a member employed by the foreign enterprises, with only modest gains for households who do have a member employed by the foreign enterprises. These estimates may reflect composition effects, however, since we find large movements of people toward the provinces receiving the FDI. The findings show that measuring the effect of FDI on household welfare is more difficult than measuring the effect of trade policy, and may pose a difficulty for the view of FDI as a general anti-poverty strategy.