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1.
Nascent Entrepreneurship and the Level of Economic Development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Based upon two strands of literature, this paper hypothesizes a U-shaped relationship between a country’s rate of entrepreneurial
dynamics and its level of economic development. This would imply a different scope for entrepreneurship policy across subsequent
stages of development. Regressing global entrepreneurship (GEM) 2002 data for nascent entrepreneurship in 36 countries on
the level of economic development as measured either by per capita income or by an index for innovative capacity, we find
support for a U-shaped relationship. The results suggest that a ‘natural rate’ of nascent entrepreneurship is to some extent
governed by ‘laws’ related to the level of economic development. For the most advanced nations, improving incentive structures
for business start-ups and promoting the commercial exploitation of scientific findings offer the most promising approach
for public policy. Developing nations, however, may be better off pursuing the exploitation of scale economies, fostering
foreign direct investment and promoting management education.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
2.
This paper provides an overview of the articles contained in this issue, all of which were presented at a major research conference on nascent entrepreneurship hosted by the Centre for Entrepreneurship, Durham University UK in September 2005. It also sets the papers in their broader research context and identifies some of the achievements made and challenges faced by researchers in this relatively new field. 相似文献
3.
We examine the relationship, across 39 countries, between regulation and entrepreneurship using a new two-equation model.
We find the minimum capital requirement required to start a business lowers entrepreneurship rates across countries, as do
labour market regulations. However the administrative considerations of starting a business – such as the time, the cost,
or the number of procedures required – are unrelated to the formation rate of either nascent or young businesses. Given the
explicit link made by Djankov et al. [Djankov et al. 2002, ‹The Regulation of Entry’, Quarterly Journal of Economics
117(1), 1–37] between the speed and ease with which businesses may be established in a country and its economic performance –
and the enthusiasm with which this link has been grasped by European Union policy makers – our findings imply this link needs
reconsidering.
Prepared for: Small Business Economics (2007), Special issue GEM conference 2005 相似文献
4.
Several studies have shown the existence of significant differences in the rate of new business creation between men and women.
Specifically, it has been shown that women are much less likely to be involved in entrepreneurship than men worldwide. It
is not yet understood, however, if such differences are the result of personal characteristics of the individual and of her
economic environment or are, instead, the result of universal and, perhaps, evolutionary phenomena. Our empirical analysis
is conducted using representative samples of population for 37 countries and a special form of bootstrapping that allows us
to equalize individuals’ conditions and, as a result, analyze the choices of men and women put in identical economic environments
and socio-economic circumstances.
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5.
Using a sample obtained from a survey conducted in the United States during summer 2002, we study the variables related to observed differences in the rate of entrepreneurial involvement between black and white Americans. We find strong evidence that differences in subjective and often biased perceptions are highly associated with entrepreneurial propensity across these two racial groups. In addition, we find that black Americans tend to exhibit more optimistic perceptions of their business environment than other racial groups and are more likely than others to attempt starting a business. In fact, our results show that blacks are almost twice as likely as whites to try starting a business. Thus, our results suggest that the under representation of black Americans among established entrepreneurs is not due to lack of trying but may instead be due to stronger barriers to entry and higher failure rates. 相似文献
6.
Paul Davidson Reynolds is the 2004 winner of the International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research. In this article Professor Reynolds’ contributions are summarized in terms of four sets of triplets. The first is as innovator, coordinator and disseminator of novel and important empirical research studies. The second triplet concerns the main areas of his contributions: regional variations in entrepreneurial activity, nascent entrepreneurship and firms in gestation and international comparisons of the prevalence of entrepreneurial activity. The third set of triplets concerns what aspects of the research process he has contributed to: development of new empirical methods to research entrepreneurship; coining of new concepts that now permeate this field of research, and provision of important empirical results. The final set of triplets concerns the audiences to which Reynolds’ research appeal: researchers, policy-makers and business practitioners. It is concluded that although his contributions are many and of different kinds, the single most important one is that his research has made it increasingly unreasonable to theorize and design research as if the economy essentially consisted of a relatively stable core of large, established firms and entry and exit of new firms were relatively infrequent, marginal and insignificant. 相似文献
7.
Ángeles Montoro-Sánchez Marta Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado Ana M. Romero-Martínez 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2009,18(5):431-448
This aim of this research is to analyse the role of firm resources and skills in the decision to cooperate as a method for
developing entrepreneurial activity. We use a sample of 967 entrepreneurial operations undertaken between 2000 and 2004 by
323 EU-15 companies. Results suggest that skills are more important than resources when choosing how to undertake an entrepreneurial
activity. While experience in cooperation and possession of technological resources make the choice of an alliance more probable,
experience in entrepreneurial activities and possession of physical resources may lead the company to opt for other alternatives. 相似文献
8.
This article explores the domain of international entrepreneurship (IE) research by thematically mapping and assessing the intellectual territory of the field. Extant reviews show that the body of IE knowledge is growing, and while notable contributions towards theoretical and methodological integration are evident, the field is described as phenomenally based, potentially fragmented and suffering from theoretical paucity. Premising that IE is positioned at the nexus of internationalization and entrepreneurship where entrepreneurial behavior involves cross-border business activity, or is compared across countries, we identify 323 relevant journal articles published in the period 1989–2009. We inventory the domain of IE to provide a relevant and comprehensive organization of its research. This involves examining the subject matter of IE research, and inductively synthesizing and categorizing it into major themes and sub-themes. In so doing, we offer a reliable, ontologically constructed and practically useful resource. From this base, we discuss the phenomena, issues, inconsistencies and interim debates on which new theory in IE may be built and research may be conducted. We conclude that IE has several coherent thematic areas and is rich in potential for future research and theory development. 相似文献
9.
The Changing Face of Entrepreneurship in Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper explains individual start-up activities on the basis of both person-related characteristics and the regional context.
The analysis is based upon micro data from the GEM adult population survey. Both individual and regional variables have an
influence on the decision to become self-employed. There are considerable differences between nascent opportunity entrepreneurship
and nascent necessity entrepreneurship. Whereas the results for opportunity entrepreneurship are in line with theoretical
predictions the factors influencing necessity entrepreneurship are far more difficult to determine. The most significant change
between 2001 and 2003/2004 is the reversal of the influence of a change in the regional rate of unemployment on nascent entrepreneurship
activities.
相似文献
10.
描述变量研究中存在的问题以及营销实践中的困惑要求研究者构建一种新的市场细分范式.文章根据有关学者提出的模型进一步在描述变量中提炼出关键描述变量的概念,认为主要由客观需要、目标价值观、信号价值观和消费资源构成的关键描述变量对人口统计因素等基本描述变量与行为变量之间的关系具有中介作用,以私家车为例的实证结果也基本支持了这一假设.文章建议营销者可尝试采用新的市场细分范式,即对消费者的关键描述变量进行直接测量和细分,然后一方面用来解释和预测消费行为,为怎样营销服务;另一方面用来寻找相应的人口统计特征,进而为哪里营销服务. 相似文献
11.
Entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Efforts to control corruption increase levels of trust in the ability of the state and market institutions to reliably and impartially enforce law and the rules of trade. Such trust facilitates the development of arms-length trade and the coordination of complex economic activities. We posit that better control of corruption will also be associated with rising levels of innovation and entrepreneurship. Absent such trust, however, monitoring and other transactions cost should restrict the scale and scope of trade and thus, hamper productivity and investment in innovation and entrepreneurship. Longitudinal data from 64 nations lends support to our propositions, thus helping unpack the puzzling relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption. 相似文献
12.
This study adopts a multi-level theoretical framework to examine data from 496 entrepreneurs in Ghana. Seven types of innovation
activity are analysed against three categories of variables: the characteristics of the entrepreneur, the internal competencies
of the firm, and firm location. Across all respondents, the incidence of incremental innovation was far greater than novel
innovation. The extent of innovation was related to the education level of the entrepreneur. Firm size and involvement in
exporting were positively related to innovation, but firm growth is less systematically so. Innovation was greater in firms
located in conurbations compared to firms located in large and small towns. We conclude with suggestions for policy to promote
entrepreneurship and innovation in Ghana.
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13.
ABSTRACTEntrepreneurship is becoming an important source of employment for women in many countries. There are different circumstances and motives that contribute to the decision to start a business. In this study, we developed a model that can estimate the probability of individuals becoming nascent entrepreneurs by opportunity or necessity. The model considers individuals' sociodemographic characteristics and European economies' perceived characteristics as oriented towards efficiency or innovation. Statistical logistic regression was used to test the model. The results show statistically significant differences between genders, European economies oriented either to efficiency or innovation, and entrepreneurs who are born out of opportunity or necessity. 相似文献
14.
目前,创业金融政策的发展呈现出新的态势:一方面政府参与创业金融的活动日益积极,相关政策越来越多样化;另一方面,各种政策之间的不协调性更加突出,政策体系结构碎片化特征日益明显。这种局面不仅造成创业资源的浪费,而且扭曲和伤害了创业文化价值的根基。创业金融政策多样性源自社会多元化的发展趋势与金融多元化客观需求,碎片化则是多样性与单一性相冲突的具体表现。造成冲突的直接原因是以商业银行为主导的金融产品供给难以满足多元化市场的需求,而更深层的原因来自对政策问题界定的偏差。 相似文献
15.
Individuals living in poverty remain a critical issue. This special issue focuses on how entrepreneurship can help to solve such poverty. Rather than viewing those in poverty as a market for goods, the solution lies in understanding how to help those living in poverty create their own businesses. Ultimately, entrepreneurship among those in poverty will create a long lasting solution to their poverty. Herein, we initially examine the extant knowledge about entrepreneurship. We then examine where future research on this important topic should move. Finally, we introduce the five articles that make up this special issue. These five articles came from the initial 71 submissions and enhance our knowledge about entrepreneurship as a pathway to reducing poverty. 相似文献
16.
大学生在新的经济形势下,充满了对创业的向往。但是大学生创业面临多种困境,很多创业计划仅是一个创意,这种创意又缺乏立足于市场的特点,缺乏中国特色,不能将中国古典文化融入创业。高校教师应在古典文化传承的基础上指导大学生进行创业实践,这样才能不断提高大学生创业的能力,提高大学生创业成功率。 相似文献
17.
Entrepreneurship and competitiveness dynamics in Latin America 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
This study analyses the relationship between entrepreneurial dynamics and the level of competitiveness in Latin American countries.
Based on a stage of economic development model, we demonstrate that Latin American countries under the model followed different
paths related to competitiveness. These different paths can explain the effect of specific competitiveness conditions on entrepreneurial
dynamics in Latin America.
相似文献
José Ernesto AmorósEmail: |
18.
Francis T. Hannafey 《Journal of Business Ethics》2003,46(2):99-110
During the past twenty years, there has been an explosion of new interest in entrepreneurs and their activities. Yet only recently has serious research attention been devoted to the ethical problems encountered by entrepreneurs and their organizations. Entrepreneurs face uniquely complex moral problems related to basic fairness, personnel and customer relationships, distribution dilemmas, and other challenges. This essay surveys contemporary research in entrepreneurial ethics, examines the kinds of ethical dilemmas entrepreneurs confront, identifies major research topics and methodological approaches, and discusses possible directions for future research. 相似文献
19.
创业团队企业家精神及其测量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
创业团队企业家精神的本质特征概括为集体创新、分享认知、共担风险和协作进取.在相关文献回顾基础上,借鉴个体企业家精神和公司企业家精神的测度量表,开发设计了创业团队企业家精神的测度量表,并通过调查数据分析,对量表的信度和效度进行实证检验,为今后拓宽并深化企业家精神的研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
20.
Entrepreneurship,economic development and institutions 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
This paper is an introduction to the special issue from the 3rd Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Research Conference held in
Washington, D.C., in 2008. The paper has three objectives. First, to discuss the importance of the three stages of economic
development, the factor-driven stage, the efficiency-driven stage and the innovation-driven stage. Second, to examine the empirical evidence on the relationship between stages of economic development and entrepreneurship.
Third, to present a summary of the papers in the context of the theory.
相似文献
Jolanda HesselsEmail: |