经济增长理论演进与经济增长模型浅析

古典经济增长理论十分强调物质资本的作用,这种对资本积累作用的强调,形成了经济增长理论中的“资本决定论”;新古典经济增长强调了技术因素对经济增长的关键作用,相对于单纯强调资本作用的“唯资本论”来说,这是一次巨大的进步;新经济增长理论认为,经济增长就是一个以知识积累为基础,技术进步、人力资本积累、劳动分工演进和制度变迁等诸因素共同作用的社会过程,并分别从技术变化、人力资本积累、制度变迁、分工演进的角度,提出了新的经济增长模型,使经济增长理论研究的侧重点和方向发生了转移。     

创新型增长视角下的金融发展：综述及展望

传统经济增长理论分析框架下,金融系统只影响资本形成,并不创造社会财富,它对经济增长的作用只有水平效应而没有增长效应。新增长理论,尤其是熊彼特增长理论．突破了新古典增长理论关于技术进步的外生性假设,强调资本积累和创新是促进技术进步和经济增长的重要力量,这为研究金融体系对技术进步和经济增长的促进作用提供了全新视角。当前,中国金融发展现状与创新型增长要求之间存在一定程度的不相容性,需要在制度、政策和监管体系上不断完善与变革,逐步实现科技创新和金融发展的良性互动。     

影响我国区域经济增长的区位与其他因素——基于时空两个不同维度的分析

文章将影响区域经济增长的因素分为三类,一类是Cobb-Douglas生产函数中的技术、资本积累与劳动力;一类是政府调控经济的财政政策与货币政策;还有一类是区域自身的区位因素。文章构建了资源禀赋以及交通通达度这两个区位因素,在不同的维度下考察这两个区位因素及技术进步、资本积累等传统影响因素对我国区域经济增长的作用,并提出相关政策建议以缩小地区差距,实现各区域经济协调持续发展。     

技术进步、资本积累与经济增长——一个马克思主义随机演化的视角

技术进步和资本积累之间的动态关系是理解当代中国经济增长的重要因素.主流的新古典增长理论一般认为,技术进步是中性和无偏的;而马克思主义经济学则认为,技术进步一般会表现出资本生产率下降、劳动生产率上升等特征,这即是马克思偏向型技术进步.中国经济的技术进步正呈现出这种技术进步特征,并影响中国经济的资本积累和经济增长的基本结构,表现为技术进步在促进劳动生产率的持续提高、资本积累规模的不断扩大和GDP持续高速增长的同时,又在这个过程中不断地朝着特定的技术偏向自我强化.其后果是,在一段时间后会带来资本过度积累、供给侧和需求侧结构失衡等问题,限制未来的经济高质量发展.因此,为了适应经济增长方式的转换,有必要革新中国技术进步路径,在深化供给侧结构性改革同时,辅之以需求侧管理的调节,来推动产业结构升级和增长模式转换,释放中国经济的增长潜力.     

资本积累是现阶段中国经济增长的主要原动力

经济增长是经济学研究的永恒主题,各国经济增长是其资本积累,人力资源,技术进步与创新,制度变迁等要素不同比例组合的函数,技术进步和制度变迁是经济发展的主要动力,中国经济是一种粗放型增长方式,短期内技术进步还不能发挥主要作用,资本积累将在相当一段时间内推动中国经济增长,事实上,无论是人力资源,技术进步还是制度变迁都离不开资本投入,资本积累转化为有效投资,就能实现经济增长的目标。     

中国经济增长与就业增长的非一致性及其形成机理

一、经济增长与就业增长的非一致性 按照西方经济理论的经济增长因素分析,一国或地区的GDP增长是技术进步、资本积累和劳动力增加等因素长期作用的结     

新经济增长理论与可持续发展

一、经济增长理论的演进现代经济增长理论是经济学的基本理论 ,也是资产计价和资产评估研究的理论基础 ,经济增长理论的演进必然带来经济可持续发展理论和方法的新变化。半个世纪以来 ,现代经济增长理论对经济增长源泉的认识 ,逐步从崇尚物质资本积累的资本决定论 ,过渡到重视科技进步 ,强调以人的素质为中心进行人力资本积累的人力资本中心论。在此演进过程中 ,出现了三次大的高潮。第一次高潮是哈罗德多马模式的产生和发展。该模式假定生产中只使用资本和劳动两种生产要素 ,而且两者配合比例不变 ,并假定技术水平不变 ,经济增长率只取决于…     

技术进步对我国经济增长作用的实证分析

本文以邓小平关于“科学技术是第一生产力”的理论为指导,在对技术进步对经济增长作用的理论分析基础上,运用柯布——道格拉斯生产函数,对我国改革开放以来技术进步对经济增长贡献份额的发展变化进行了分析研究,提出了影响发挥技术进步对经济增长作用的阻碍因素和加快技术进步的政策建议和措施     

可再生资源约束下的内生增长模型研究

关于可持续发展,新经济增长理论主要关注耗竭性资源与环境问题对长期经济增长的影响。通过假设技术进步取决于研发投入,本文建立了一个包含可再生资源的内生增长模型,采用最优控制理论得到了模型的稳态增长解,并得出结论:可持续增长不能单方面强调技术进步,对可再生资源的合理利用也是实现可持续增长的有效途径。     

内生增长理论与我国经济增长

对于一个发展中国家，欲实现快速的工业化和可持续的经济增长，就必须能够以最低廉的成本来获取技术的进步。半个多世纪以来，大量的经济增长理论和发展经济学文献均对该问题给予了高度的关注，也产生了各种各样的主张和学说。毫无疑问，技术的扩散和学习以及资本的引入在经济发展中起着至关重要的作用。因此，在梳理内生增长理论发展过程之后，着重从内生增长理论中的技术创新和资本积累的角度讨论我国当前的经济增长。     

Tax avoidance,human capital accumulation and economic growth

Human capital accumulation may negatively affect economic growth by increasing tax avoidance and reducing effective tax rates and productive public investment. This paper analyzes how the endogenous feedback between human capital accumulation and tax avoidance affects economic growth and macroeconomic dynamics. Our findings show that this interaction produces remarkable growth and welfare effects.     

经济增长与银行的合约选择

由于信息不对称对资本积累过程的影响,为了维持足够的经济增长速度,银行必须考虑签订消除贷款人与借款人之间信息不对称的合约,让更多的可贷资金流向生产性投资,推动经济走向更高的资本积累路径。     

The causal relationship between equipment investment and infrastructures on economic growth in China

There is agreement in the literature on economic growth concerning the transitory effects of capital accumulation on the process of economic development. However, controversy arises if this effect is permanent. In this sense, the key point is the embodied technological progress and whether supply factors predominate among the determinants of capital accumulation. Only in this case should expect long-run effects of capital accumulation on economic growth. Inspired by this idea, I focus the study on two elements accounting for economic development—equipment investment and productive infrastructure and I also analyze the type of the empirical relationship that exists between them. The results indicate that equipment investment and infrastructures have played a significant role in accounting for long-run growth in China. However, I do not find empirical evidence supporting any relationship between the two types of investment. In addition, I find that foreign trade has stimulated output and equipment investment in the long run. Finally, it is found that innovation activities encourage equipment investment in the long run.     

Predation and accumulation

This article incorporates the economic theory of predation into the theory of economic growth. The analytical framework is a general-equilibrium model of the interaction between two dynasties: a potential predator and its prey. We find that the rate of accumulation of capital and the security of property are positively related only for generations of the prey dynasty that tolerate predation. Generations of the prey dynasty that choose to deter predation, even though their property is perfectly secure, accumulate productive capital more slowly than the preceding generations that tolerated predation.     

Granger causality tests among openness to international trade,human capital accumulation and economic growth in China: 1952–1999

Abstract

This study examines Granger causality among openness to international trade, human capital accumulation and economic growth in China using time series data over the period from 1952 to 1999 and a sub-period, i.e. a period from 1978 to 1999. For the 1952–1999 period, economic growth is found to Granger cause human capital accumulation and not vice versa. For the 1978–1999 period, economic growth and openness to international trade, economic growth and human capital accumulation, and human capital accumulation and openness to international trade are found to have bidirectional Granger causality, respectively. Thus, there is a dynamic relationship among openness to international trade, human capital accumulation and economic growth. The experience of economic reform in China could be an example to other developing countries.     

Patent protection, capital accumulation, and economic growth

In this paper, we investigate how strengthening patent protection affects economic growth in an endogenous growth model where both innovation and capital accumulation are the driving forces of economic growth. In this model, stronger patent protection raises the profit flow obtained by innovation but reduces the factor demand for capital. This process accelerates innovation but discourages capital accumulation, and because of the negative effect on economic growth through reducing capital accumulation, strengthening patent protection may then impede economic growth. This result contrasts with earlier studies where innovation is the sole driving force for economic growth. Moreover, in an open economy model where technologies are transferred and capital is imported from abroad, the strictest protection of patents enhances technology adoption from abroad but impedes capital accumulation, and thus, the relation derived between patent protection and output can be nonmonotone. In terms of implications, these findings may be able to partly explain the complex relation found by some empirical studies in this area.     

Ramsey fiscal policy and endogenous growth

This paper examines the effects of fiscal policies on capital accumulation and economic performance in a simple endogenous growth model with elastic labor supply by focusing on the implementability of a competitive equilibrium with productive public spending and distortionary taxation. Given a feasible exogenous fiscal policy, productive public spending can, at first, lead to positive short-run and long-run growth in the unique competitive equilibrium. However, although strictly positive growth is possible in the short run, a Ramsey policy with productive public spending does not implement positive capital accumulation in the long run. Also, the local indeterminacy of Ramsey allocations, in conjunction with the global multiplicity, arises as an implementable competitive equilibrium with Ramsey policies: namely, a continuum of transitional dynamics and multiple balanced growth paths. I am grateful to Kazuo Nishimura, Theodore Palivos, Sang Hee Won, John Conlon, Apostolis Philippopoulos, Arved Ashby, In Ho Lee, Katsuaki Terasawa, and an anonymous referee of this journal for valuable comments and suggestions. I also thank seminar participants at Ioannina University, Kyoto University, University of Mississippi, and Seoul National University. This paper is supported by 2006 Sabbatical Project, Kyung Hee University.     

School Education,Learning‐by‐Doing,and Fertility in Economic Development

We examine the policy implications of relaxing constraints on the educational choice of individuals for economic development. Distinguishing human capital accumulation through schooling and through learning‐by‐doing and knowledge spillovers, we show that in the earlier stages of development, mitigating and eventually eliminating constraints on school education would be necessary for even further economic development. Expanded school education increases the income of individuals and encourages physical capital accumulation, which enlarges productive knowledge through implementation and operations. The increased labor productivity thus boosts economic growth. In the process, the fertility rate will decline because of the increased education cost per child.     

人力资本积累阶段与经济增长阶段关联机制研究

文章研究了人力资本积累阶段与经济增长阶段的关联机制,指出人力资本积累也存在一定的阶段性,并与经济增长的阶段性相对应。人力资本积累的阶段通过产业结构这个中间变量的变迁来推动经济增长积累阶段的变迁,反之,经济增长阶段的变迁也需要人力资本积累阶段相应变化。     

金融危机中农民工人力资本的保护与提升

来自美国的金融危机对我国的出口、经济和就业产生了影响,在受到冲击的各类人群中,农民工无疑是最值得关注的一个群体。作为已经从事过人力资本投资、具有一定技能的劳动力来说,如果任其在危机中返乡,从事农业生产或是失业,势必造成人力资本的浪费。因此,对返乡的农民工进行职业技能培训,以适应产业结构的调整;对其进行创业培训,鼓励并资助其自主创业;开发中西部经济;推动农村产业化发展,对于人力资本的提升和有效利用、对于经济的发展无疑具有重要作用。