IBM的PBC--通透的绩效管理文化

好的沟通渠道能够形成通达的企业氛围。人和企业制度达到互动。就会激发员工开动脑筋。改进工作。形成健康活泼的企业文化。这将从根本上保留一个企业的价值。     

Personal computers and society

The University of Southern California (USC) has initiated a technology assessment of the personal computer, partially supported by the US National Science Foundation. The ultimate purpose of a technology assessment is to help provide a more human future with less of a shock. The technology assessment at USC is directed towards examining the potential impacts of personal computers and identifying the public policy issues associated with these possibilities. This report explains the major factors being explored during the assessment.     

年所得12万元以上个人如何自行申报个人所得税

从2008年1月1日起,年所得在12万元以上的纳税人实行自行纳税申报。个人所得税越来越多地走进了人们的生活。究竟哪些收入应该计入12万元以上的年所得呢?许多人很困惑。本文从这个角度并结合相关的案例,介绍12万元以上年所得额的计算方法及如何申报,帮助人们正确地缴纳个人所得税。     

Personal inducement of industrial buyers

There has been extremely little previous research done on the use of personal inducements as a form of sales promotion in industrial marketing. An exploratory study was conducted in this area and the results are reported in this article. Buyers' attitudes about inducements and vendors' use of inducements were measured. Profiles of relatively more receptive buyers were derived from the study data. Implications for managing the buying and selling functions and for further research are discussed.     

包装设计的个性化风格

产品转化为商品，靠的是包装设计，设计离不开个性因素，而个性因素的具体表现又具有提升产品价值的作用。虽然包装设计的全球化是一种发展趋势，但设计的民族风格和人文特色在多元化发展中却随之增强。设计师极力寻求具有特点的包装设计来表达他们的个性，强调产品的个性化和个人风格，并提出了“包装设计个性化”的口号，     

再谈医疗保险个人账户

医疗保险的基本目的是保障参保人在发生风险时得到必要的帮助。医疗保险个人账户的设立有利于约束医疗行为和积累医疗基金,因此,应进一步加强对个人账户的管理而不是放弃它。     

在PC机上架设个人Internet服务器

介绍了在基于Windows2000Professional平台的PC机上,采用动态域名解析技术架设个人Internet服务器。通过安装Apache,Serv＿UFTPserver等软件并进行正确设置,可以提供www服务和FTP服务。因此使自己或他人可以远程访问个人PC机中的数据,实现信息交流与共享。同时克服了专业Internet服务器所提供的免费空间的各种限制,从而可以采用最新的网络编程技术,在PC机上来构建自己的Internet动态网站。     

国际个人护理品标签最新发展趋势

在包装选择多元化的今天，美容及个人护理品制造商们为何偏爱标签呢？世界顶级的标签印制公司的决策者和专家们云集一堂，畅谈了对美容及个人护理品标签技术发展趋势的看法。成本低、色彩搭配的任意性、标签使用的灵活性是人们从所有包装技巧中首选标签的主要原因。提升了标签空间的延展标签、具有纹理质感的标签、组合印刷标签、收缩套标签是专家们谈论的主角。[编者按]     

Knowledge acquisition by computer induction

The generation of Expert Systems requires that the specialized knowledge of an expert be transferred to a computer system in a form suitable for machine interpretation. In many knowledge domains it is difficult for experts to describe their knowledge in an appropriate form. Where such expert knowledge is difficult to describe it is often possible to obtain good examples of the expert's decisions. Newly emerging computing techniques allow the induction of decision rules from examples; rules which can often effectively model the decision making behaviour of the expert in such situations. The use of such techniques provides a powerful new tool for the construction of Expert Systems.     

The outlook for computer mail

The author aims to present a balanced view of the prospects for computer mail, and to bring out the important policy issues surrounding the new medium. After describing, with the aid of a scenario, typical applications of the system, he outlines historical developments and current trends. He then discusses potential market size and develops cost projections. The author sees lack of customer awareness as a serious obstacle to a wider use of computer mail and balances this against a consideration of the relation of the system to organisational needs. Finally, he analyses the policy concerns resulting from the development of computer mail.     

International aspects of computer communications

The current and predictable trends in international computer communications are outlined. The opportunities that arise through the use of these services are then discussed. The opportunities will not be grasped unless the problems connected with international communications are solved. The author discusses the need for the development of international standards, the development of payment systems for multifaceted international systems, the need for security and privacy of information, the tendency for companies to slow down innovation as a result of their sunk investments in present systems, and the barriers to the free flow of information imposed by national interests.     

个人着装风格变化的影响因素浅析

虽然每个人都有自己特定的着装风格,但在一个人的一生当中,他(她)的风格总不会一成不变的。本文试就着装风格发生变化的几种情况,根据社会心理学的观点加以分析,认为个人着装风格的变化主要是来自社会反馈、社会比较、自我审视的过程。     

On strategic networks

In parallel with a theoretical acceptance of the importance of the laws of competition to formulate strategy, the realization is growing that cooperative behavior among firms is at the root of many success stories in today's management. This situation calls for an effort to develop a theoretical framework to study both aspects of firm behavior (cooperative and competitive) as compatible, complementary aspects of a unique reality. Indeed, the cooperative relationships of a firm can be the source of its competitive strength. This paper develops the concept of strategic network, as a tool to understand those cooperative relationships and their role in the strategy of the firm. There are three main tasks of the paper: first, to show that strategic networks are but a ‘mode of organization’; second, to study the economic conditions of existence of a network; finally, to analyze the conditions of existence of a network from the point of view of its internal consistency. In a final section some of the most obvious strategic implications of the framework are outlined.     

Tension in networks

Tension refers to contradictions and mostly implies any two parties disagreeing. This paper extends the lens from tension on dyadic levels to describe it in the smallest of networks: the triad. Adopting a multiple-case study methodology illustrating triadic relationships in three different settings, the paper points to how tension may occur among firms in a triad, relate to two of them, or involve all three parties. In the handling of tension and opposed to the dyadic relationship, a single party cannot easily disconnect from all its network parties, and the network discussion thereby contextualises the discussion on tension, while putting focus on the dynamics of tension. As the findings indicate, the handling may, namely, lead to new tension on a dyadic or triadic level. Compared to studies grasping tension as contradictions between two parties and thereby as a research contribution, this present study indicates how the tension may “move” around the network as initial tension is dealt with. If tension is handled through diffusion specifically, including the connection with new parties, it suggests to without exception lead to new tension, while coalition leads to decreased tension in the triad.