哈贝马斯的交往行动理论对网络交流的意义

哈贝马斯在关于交往行动的理论中,着重探讨了现代社会交往的合理化和公共领域的建构途径问题,分析了人类社会的经济活动方式和人类理性实践性之间的关系,并提出了改变生活世界的学术主张。这种现代交往观念有助于在信息化、全球化时代寻求最现实、最合理的社会行动形式,并对建立网络公共空间、实现网络行动的合理化、强化网络语言的语用价值以及网人的主体性和道德认同,具有重要的理论指导意义。     

哈贝马斯的交往行动理论对网络交流的意义

哈贝马斯在关于交往行动的理论中,着重探讨了现代社会交往的合理化和公共领域的建构途径问题,分析了人类社会的经济活动方式和人类理性实践性之间的关系,并提出了改变生活世界的学术主张。这种现代交往观念有助于在信息化、全球化时代寻求最现实、最合理的社会行动形式,并对建立网络公共空间、实现网络行动的合理化、强化网络语言的语用价值以及网人的主体性和道德认同,具有重要的理论指导意义。     

论思想政治教育实效的交往性重建

在交往理论备受瞩目的今天,交往作为教育视界中人的基本存在方式已是不争的事实。本文首先从交往是人类特有的社会现象和活动、交往是人的本质性存在方式、交往是人的文化存在的构成等方面阐释了人的存在与交往的关系,然后剖析了交往关照下的思想政治教育的新内涵,最后通过把"交互主体性"的视为思想政治教育的核心理念、思想政治教育内容的交往理性整合,分析了加强思想政治教育实效的现实路径     

论春秋战国时期国际法的萌芽

随着国家的诞生,国家之间的交往规则必然确立.虽然国家的涵义有历史发展阶段的差异,但各个时期均存在国家间交往的原则和制度应是不争的事实.本文从考察春秋战国时期的社会经济条件和政治丈化观念出发,通过解读我国春秋战国时期所存在的"国家"之间互派使者、订立同盟、遵守关于战争的一些原则等现象,提出我国在春秋战国时期,便已形成独特的以"礼"为核心的一套国际法的规则和惯例.     

人民币汇率制度改革方向问题研究

汇率制度的形成走过了一个漫长的过程,经历了固定汇率制度、中间汇率制度和浮动汇率制度。我国从建国以来汇率制度发生了巨大的变化,经历了过去的单一盯住美元的汇率制度到现在实行的以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度,这是国际金融体制变化的必然结果。国际收支是否平衡作为经济运行状况的考察目标使得汇率的稳定性成为各国关注的重要问题,在国家机制不断完善,国际间交往不断增加,市场竞争逐渐激烈,金融工具不断创新的环境下,实现浮动汇率制度已经成为将来的发展趋势。     

人民币汇率制度的历史、挑战与改革

本文在回顾人民币汇率制度沿革的基础上,深入分析了人民几点汇率在新形势下面临的现实挑战,并从逐步放开外汇市场管制、改革强制结售汇制度,逐步扩大汇率波动的合理区间、实现汇率浮动的市场驱动,加快利率市场化步伐、完善人民币汇率形成机制等三个维度提出改革人民币汇率制度的方向.     

制度变迁视野下的做市商制度选择

中国股市要不要引入做市商制度本质上是一个制度创新和变迁的问题。单从技术层面讨论这一问题毫无现实意义，只有从制度变迁的角度，才能从整个资本市场层面得出现实意义的结论。技术上看，中国证券市场是否缺乏流动性尚待深入研究；流动性问题的成因具有更深刻的机理，而非单纯的交易机制问题。制度上看，交易机制的创新要充分考虑到制度变迁成本、与组织变迁的协同以及非正式约束等因素的影响。总体上说，中国证券市场目前没有必要引入做市商制度。     

对制度变迁理论的新发展及假设前提的评述

从诺斯概括的制度变迁一般理论出发,评述这一理论最新的发展,即引入制度变迁的主观博弈过程和进化博弈过程.同时分析各种思路的假设前提,强调在解释现实的制度变迁时,应该注意假设与现实的一致性,指出与中国现实相对接近的制度变迁理论是强制性制度变迁理论.     

对我国证券市场制度缺陷的再思考

我国证券市场虽然规模迅速扩大,却没有实现应有的效率功能.证券市场在配置上效率低的根源在于证券市场的制度存在缺陷,而引致存在制度缺陷的是政府主导型外在制度安排与证券市场发展内生规律之间的矛盾,市场运行机制与价格形成机制扭曲,造成证券市场配置效率的损耗.本文在探寻证券市场制度缺陷形成的基础上,对证券市场发展中制度缺陷的具体表现与机理进行了深入分析,并提出相关的政策建议.     

区域资本形成差异的制度经济学分析

本文从我国区域资本形成的实际情况入手,分析了东中西部三大地区在银行存贷款、资本市场形成、固定资产形成、外商直接投资方面的差异,并从制度经济学视角分析了造成区域资本形成差异的诱因,最后提出了加速中西部资本机制形成的制度措施.     

Won’t we scare them? The impact of communicating uncontrollable risks on the public’s perception

Authorities often refrain from communicating risks out of fear to arouse negative feelings amongst the public and to create negative reactions in terms of the public’s behavior. This study examines the impact of communicating risks on the public’s feelings and behavioral intentions regarding an uncontrollable risk related to fresh produce. In addition, the impact of risk communication is compared between a situation in which the risk either does or does not develop into a crisis, by means of a 2 (risk communication vs. no risk communication)?×?2 (crisis communication vs. no crisis communication) between-subjects factorial design. The results show that communicating risks has a positive impact on the behavioral intention to keep on eating fresh produce compared to when no risk communication was provided, as it reduces negative feelings amongst the public. In addition, the findings illustrate that when a risk develops into an actual crisis, prior risk communication can result in greater trust in the government and reduce perceived government responsibility for the crisis when the crisis hits. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that risk communication is an effective tool for authorities in preparing the public for potential crises. The findings indicate that communicating risks does not raise negative reactions amongst the public, on the contrary, and that it results in more positive perceptions of the authorities.     

Risk communication and social media during food safety crises: a study of stakeholders’ opinions in Ireland

Social media is a particular communication platform which has witnessed an exponential growth in use and influence in recent years, democratising the communication process, and offering risk communicators a way of putting into practice those principles which are advocated to be at the core of risk management and communication. However, little is known about stakeholders’ willingness to embrace this new form of communication in a food crisis. The current study presented an exploratory investigation of the opinions of Irish stakeholders on the position of risk communication in a crisis, with a particular focus on understanding what application social media may have. In-depth one-to-one interviews were carried out with key stakeholders holding frontline positions in managing and communicating about risk in the food sector in Ireland. The stakeholders identified risk communication as a central activity in a food safety crisis, driven by an obligation to protect both consumer health and the reputation of the Irish food sector. Stakeholders relied primarily on risk communication to disseminate information in a crisis so to educate and inform the public on a risk and to prevent confusion and alarmism; most did not explicitly value two-way risk communication in a crisis. The ability to effectively manage future crises may depend on stakeholders’ willingness to adapt to the changing communication landscape, namely – their willingness to adopt social media and use it effectively. The findings indicate that the stakeholders interviewed are appreciative of the need to engage with social media in times of a food safety crisis. However, most valued social media as a one-way channel to help spread a message and there was little reference to the interactive nature of this medium. Implications for integrating social media into crisis risk communication strategies are discussed.     

Social Trust,Institution, and Economic Growth: Evidence from China

Recent research has demonstrated the important role of social trust in economic growth. As a form of informal institution, social trust and formal institution are inextricable and intrinsically related. This article aims to investigate the relationship between social trust and institution, and their combined effects on economic growth. In an empirical investigation of cross-provincial data in the period 2001–2009 in China, our estimates suggest that the increase in social trust significantly promotes economic growth. The improvement of formal institution is also beneficial to economic growth. The effect of social trust on economic growth depends on the institution level, and this effect weakens with institutional strength.     

Communicating with the public during health crises: experts' experiences and opinions

Governments and health agencies worldwide are planning for a potential influenza pandemic. Their plans acknowledge the importance of public communication during an outbreak and include related guidelines and strategies. Emerging infectious disease (EID) communication is a new addition to the literature, drawing on health promotion communication, crisis communication and environmental/technological risk communication. This paper adds to the literature, exploring the notion of ‘effective communication during health crises' by reporting on interviews with 22 public health officials, scientists and communications professionals responsible for communicating with the public. When analyzed in the context of the risk communication literature, the interviews reveal several considerations for health risk communicators. First, given the important role that mass media will play in an EID outbreak, there is an urgent need for public health to build partnerships with journalists based on an understanding of the two parties' unique societal roles. Second, seemingly practical communications considerations – such as how certain to be about information before sharing it and whether to engage in two‐way communication with the public – have ethical dimensions that deserve attention. Third, there are unique challenges associated with communicating uncertainty, which would benefit from an exploration of the role of trust in health crisis communication.     

论社会保障缴款征收机构的选择

自现代意义上的社会保障制度建立以来,拥有充裕的社会保障资金就成为社会保障制度正常运行的首要前提,而有力的筹资手段无疑是及时足额筹措社会保障资金的关键所在。筹资手段既包括筹资形式,又包括征收组织机构的制度安排。社会保障资金征收机构的合理选择,不仅能够提高社会保障资金的征收效率、降低其征收成本,而且能有效防止漏缴和少缴行为,确保社会保障资金的足额上缴,为社会保障制度的运行提供资金保证。本文在借鉴国外典型国家社会保障缴款征收机构选择经验的基础上,认为我国由税务部门负责征收社会保障缴款是一种理性的选择。     

高管团队内部网络与并购绩效

近年来,高管外部社会网络特征对企业决策的影响受到学术界的广泛关注。与以往研究侧重点不同,本文探究高管团队内部网络结构对企业决策是否产生重大影响,并构建了上市公司高管团队内部网络结构指标。基于社会网络和信息不对称等相关理论,本文实证检验了高管团队内部网络对企业并购决策绩效的影响。结果显示,高管团队内部网络结构密度越高,高管成员之间的沟通越有效,公司并购绩效越好。进一步地分析发现,当并购的复杂度和风险较高、企业所在地区制度环境较差以及高管任职时间较短时,高管团队网络密度对于并购绩效的影响更为明显。最后,本文还发现高管团队内部网络密度高的企业并购后,公司的会计业绩和市场业绩也优于其他公司。     

Engagement on risk and uncertainty – lessons from coastal regions of Fukushima Prefecture,Japan after the 2011 nuclear disaster?

This paper uses the case study of the south-east coast of Fukushima Prefecture in Japan to draw lessons for risk communication under situations of high uncertainty and conditions of varying trust. Based on an existing field of research into the social and ethical aspects of governing risks around environmental radioactivity, empirical qualitative material collected in Fukushima Prefecture over 2014 and 2015 is analysed around three key questions: who is undertaking risk communication and how they are perceived (in particular their motivations and perceived competence); what is the purpose of engagement with citizens and stakeholders on risk and uncertainty (i.e. whether it is to ‘convince’ people or allow them to come to their own informed decision); and whether risk communication may be considered responsive to the needs of the affected populations. The findings are then applied to Kasperson’s four questions for the future of risk communication in order to assess their wider implications. Particular attention is paid to how the individual or institution conveying the risk message is perceived, and in whose interests risk communication is undertaken.     

Designing futures: Inquiry in climate change communication

There are many barriers and challenges associated with climate change communication focused on promoting community-based action for sustainable futures. Of particular interest is the challenge to embed community perspectives in a communication process of climate change solutions. In this paper we argue that 3D interactive simulations using design inquiry as a development process, can be an effective way of communicating climate change solutions and multiple community responses. People are more likely to engage with the challenges associated with complexity of climate change at the local level when their perspectives are integrated into viable and multiple pathways for action. Future scenarios of change processes situated in local experiences in compelling and interactive ways can be disseminated holistically by making links between scientific, social, political, economic and cultural elements. Design inquiry, as a research approach, integrates contextual knowledge into communication processes to aid imagining, re-thinking and reembodying viable pathways that explore the kinds of futures we collectively envision. This paper examines the contributions that design inquiry makes to climate change communication using an interactive simulation environment for designing futures. We discuss these ideas using the example of the Future Delta project, a virtual 3D environment that enables the exploration and simulation of multiple community-based climate change solutions in the Corporation of Delta, British Columbia.     

高管团队内部网络与并购绩效

近年来,高管外部社会网络特征对企业决策的影响受到学术界的广泛关注。与以往研究侧重点不同,本文探究高管团队内部网络结构对企业决策是否产生重大影响,并构建了上市公司高管团队内部网络结构指标。基于社会网络和信息不对称等相关理论,本文实证检验了高管团队内部网络对企业并购决策绩效的影响。结果显示,高管团队内部网络结构密度越高,高管成员之间的沟通越有效,公司并购绩效越好。进一步地分析发现,当并购的复杂度和风险较高、企业所在地区制度环境较差以及高管任职时间较短时,高管团队网络密度对于并购绩效的影响更为明显。最后,本文还发现高管团队内部网络密度高的企业并购后,公司的会计业绩和市场业绩也优于其他公司。     

制度演进的原动力研究及对我国法律制度建设的启示

自约翰·梅纳德·史密斯以来演化博弈理论得到了社会科学普遍的肯定,协调演化博弈理论研究集团内部由于内力或者外力的作用导致集团的进化,这与人类社会的制度演进及其相似,制度演进实际上就是演进的收益大于成本而不断调整各经济主体（或者集团）利益关系的过程。本文利用协调演化博弈理论的分析方法对制度变迁的起点、环境、制度变迁的内生动力加以分析,提出导致制度变迁的原动力——企业、个人之间博弈关系的分析思路,就这一分析方法探讨了在制度变迁过程中我国法制建设应注意的问题。