Market and Cost Structure in the U.S. Beef Packing Industry: A Plant-Level Analysis

A resurgence of consolidation in the U.S. meat packing industry in the past few decades has stimulated academic and policy debate. Issues raised include the role of cost economies in driving these patterns, and the effects on the agricultural sector (cattle producers) from market power. Here, plant level cost and revenue data for U.S. beef packing plants are used to estimate a cost-based model incorporating cattle- and output-market pricing behavior. The robust results indicate little market power exploitation in either the cattle input or beef output markets, and that any apparent evidence is counteracted by cost efficiencies such as utilization and scope economies.     

关于工业用地“招拍挂”的研究

本文简要分析了当前工业用地中存在的主要问题和实行工业用地“招拍挂”的意义,对实行工业用地“招拍挂”中应解决的几个关键性问题,以及实行工业用地“招拍挂”的制度建设和技术条件进行了重点剖析,在此基础上对开展工业用地“招拍挂”工作提出建议。     

“限地价,竞配建”土地出让方式的理论分析与实证研究

研究目的:对中国土地市场中新兴的"限地价,竞配建"挂牌方式进行研究,并与"定配建,竞地价"招标方式相对比。研究方法:建立有限价的两阶段拍卖和封闭式拍卖模型,分析开发商和地方政府的最优策略。研究结果:(1)在限制拍卖起始价的前提下,结合"溢价率超50%需上报"的规定,"限地价,竞配建"方式可有效控制地价并促进保障房的开发;(2)"限地价,竞配建"挂牌方式可通过相应的招标方式实现,但并不同于"定配建,竞地价"的招标方式。研究结论:"限地价,竞配建"挂牌方式和"定配建,竞地价"招标方式是促进保障房建设的重要手段。地方政府若希望落实保障房建设,挂牌方式更好;若希望降低地价,招标方式更好。     

Slotting Allowances as a Facilitating Practice by Food Processors in Wholesale Grocery Markets: Profitability and Welfare Effects

Slotting allowances, which are lump-sum transfers paid by food manufacturers to grocery retailers in return for various retail concessions, are becoming increasingly common in wholesale grocery markets. This article extends the literature on slotting allowances by considering two features that previously have been ignored: the role of food processors in determining these pricing arrangements, and the effect of slotting allowances on the size and distribution of economic surplus. Slotting allowances motivated by food processors increase procurement quantities and farm prices, and this raises farm surplus, increases total producer surplus, and improves consumer welfare in the food system.     

杭州市土地招标出让博弈实证分析

在土地使用权出让3种方式中,招标是富有良性竞争的一种方式.以杭州市为实例结合博弈论建立的土地使用权招标出让不完全信息静态博弈模型,通过对博弈均衡的分析指出土地招标出让时投标人越多,越有利于充分实现土地价值;同时城市与城市之间以及大城市内部不同片区之间竞相出让土地的博弈结果,导致土地供给总量过大、土地价格下跌、土地资源浪费、土地效益降低,故土地出让宜采用束放策略.     

Shared Agents and Competition in Laboratory English Auctions

At livestock auctions, the same purchasing agent can represent more than one processor. Repeated multiple-unit English auctions are created in a laboratory to measure the impact of shared agents on trade prices under alternative treatments with six, and as few as two, agents representing six principals. Treatments are constructed in which the agents either know or do not know quantity for sale, and in which there are progressively fewer agents bidding. Knowledge of quantity for sale can be anticompetitive. Evolution toward increased market concentration leads to consistent anticompetitive pricing, resulting in prices significantly lower than the predicted competitive equilibrium prices.     

1999年度我院自然科学基金项目中标率高的几点思考

国家自然科学基金申报是科学性与艺术性高度结合的创造性劳动。高中标率背后离不开高效务实的科技管理。思想重视、措施得力、主攻目标明确,迎来了我院 1999年基金项目申报的大丰收。     

基于信号博弈的土地使用权出让中围标“蜜罐”行为的分析

研究目的:依据土地使用权招标出让活动的特征,构建围标"蜜罐"行为的动态贝叶斯博弈模型,找出促使均衡结果合理化的因素变化差异和关系。研究方法:信号博弈。研究结果:(1)由分开均衡的求解可知,在土地使用权招标中,当招标人看到投标人报低价时将检查,看到投标人报高价时则不检查;投标人围标时将选择报低价,不围标时将报高价。(2)由合并均衡求解可知,无论投标人围标与否,投标人报低价时,此博弈有两个完美贝叶斯均衡。研究结论:为遏止投标人进行围标合谋这一"吃蜜罐"的行为,要增加围标成本、合理控制检查成本、降低投标人预期收益和完善惩罚形式、加大惩罚力度。     

集约用地呼唤土地资源市场配置

研究目的:探讨土地资源市场配置对土地集约利用的重要作用。研究方法:政策分析法。研究结果:从微观经济角度来讲,集约利用土地是企业经营中的生产要素组合问题。只有企业经营者根据各种要素的相对价格自主决策才能确定最佳要素组合方式。政府只能通过土地价格来影响、促使企业做出节约土地的要素组合决策。从宏观经济角度上讲,集约用地的标志是要最大限度地提高土地利用效率,实现土地资源在产业部门间、企业间、地域间和区位上的优化配置,而要达此目标,离不开开放、竞争、统一、有序的要素市场。研究结论:现行的行政一计划配置制度不能实现土地资源优化配置。为集约利用土地,提高社会总体的土地利用效率,需要尽快转变土地资源计划配置为市场配置,同时在市场配置的基础上建立有效的国家宏观管理体系。     

Demand for Beef from Cattle Administered Growth Hormones or Fed Genetically Modified Corn: A Comparison of Consumers in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States

We compare consumer valuations of beef ribeye steaks from cattle produced without growth hormones or genetically modified corn in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results suggest that French consumers place a higher value on beef from cattle that have not been administered added growth hormones than U.S. consumers; however, valuations of non-hormone-treated beef are statistically indistinguishable across Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results also suggest that European consumers place a much higher value on beef from cattle that have not been fed genetically modified corn than U.S. consumers.     

Optimisation and the selection of conservation contracts*

This paper explores alternative techniques for the selection of conservation contracts under competitive tendering programs. Under these programs, purchasing decisions are often based on the benefits score and cost for proposed projects. The optimisation problem is to maximise the aggregate benefits without exceeding the budget. Because the budget rarely permits all projects to be funded, there is a binary choice problem, known in the operations research published work as a knapsack problem. The decision‐maker must choose which projects are funded and which are not. Under some circumstances, the knapsack problem can be unsolvable because computational complexity increases exponentially with the number of projects. This paper explores the use of several decision rules for solving the optimisation problem including the use of advanced meta‐heuristics. It is shown that commonly applied techniques for project selection may not be providing the optimal solution. Improved algorithms can increase the environmental programs benefits and staying within budget. The comparison of algorithms is based on real data from the Western Australian Conservation Auction.     

集体建设用地使用制度改革中的几个问题

在法律上确定集体建设用地进入市场是集体建设用地使用制度改革的中心任务。在市场配置集体建设用地过程中 ,集体建设用地只需符合规划并合法取得。集体土地产权界定是搞好土地市场配置的基本前提 ,而依产权关系和引致土地增值的投资所有者关系分配建设用地收益是集体建设用地使用制度改革的关键。     

菏泽市林业产业化发展现状的评价及对策研究

利用灰色关联度法和市场集中度法,分别对菏泽市林业产业结构与产业组织的现状做出评价.通过数据的选取和整理,得出产业结构不合理,一、二产业严重脱节,以及市场集中度低等结论.并针对以上问题提出相应的对策建议.     

现阶段农地非农化配置方式效率损失及农地过度性损失

研究目的:计算并比较现阶段全国以及长江三角洲、珠江三角洲、环渤海和成渝四大经济带农地非农化配置方式的效率损失以及农地非农化的过度性损失,以期对这些地区经济可持续发展与土地可持续利用之间关系的协调提供帮助。研究方法:通过边界生产函数模型,运用大陆31个省市的1989-1996年和1999-2002年共计12年的数据计算了农地非农化市场配置低效产生的效率损失和农地非农化过度性的损失。研究结果:虽然现阶段农地非农化市场配置效率损失在逐渐减少,但中国1989-1996年和1999-2002年阶段共计过度性农地非农化184234hm 2,占这两阶段农地非农化总数量的11.2%,其中长江三角洲和珠江三角洲地区的过度性损失较其他地区更为严重。研究结论:提高农地非农化市场配置程度是促进现阶段各地区经济可持续发展的必要条件,近期内应把重点放在长江三角洲和珠江三角洲地区的土地市场建设上。     

矿产资源的市场配置与地勘单位改革

文章认为 ,矿产资源的市场配置是通过矿业权运作的 ,而矿业权的要素市场又同矿产品的商品市场相互依存 ,矿业权的商品市场是矿业权要素市场发展的基础 ,矿业权要素市场的发展水平又制约着矿业权商品市场的发展。矿产资源配置由计划调节转为市场调节 ,是我国矿业经济体制的根本改革 ,它要求培育独立自主的市场主体 ,建立现代市场体系、健全宏观调控体系等三方面的改革。为适应改革的要求 ,地勘单位出现了三种产业走向的改革 ,一是利用已有地质成果向下游延伸 ,开发矿业 ,走探采结合的路子 ;二是利用已占有的找矿线索 ,成矿有利地区的优势构建资源性矿业公司 ;三是利用地质勘查技术和地质工程技术劳务的优势 ,发展成技术劳务服务型公司。三者的共同特点就是走企业化改革之路     

Marketing margins and price transmission on the Hungarian beef market

There is a wealth of literature on farm-retail price spread for different commodities and countries. However, research on price transmission and marketing margins in the transition economies is still limited. The paper analyses two specific aspects of transition: the larger probability of asymmetric price transmission and structural changes in the case of Hungarian beef chain. The article identifies the date of structural break applying the Gregory and Hansen procedure with recursively estimated breakpoints and ADF statistics. Exogeneity tests reveal the causality runs from producer to retail prices. Homogeneity is rejected, suggesting a mark-up pricing strategy. Price transmission analysis suggests that, despite the common belief, price transmission on the Hungarian beef meat market is symmetric on both long and short run.     

劳动力市场分割、要素配置效率与农产品流通产业增长——一个有调节的中介效应检验

本文通过建立有调节的中介效应模型,探讨了劳动力市场分割影响农产品流通产业增长的路径.研究表明,产业间劳动力市场分割和城乡间劳动力市场分割都显著地抑制了农产品流通产业增长,并通过有调节的中介路径产生影响;产业间劳动力市场分割比城乡间的劳动力市场分割在更大程度上维护了农产品流通产业较低的要素配置效率;规模效率对要素配置效率...     

包装材质对油品保质期品质的影响

目前,市场上的食用油大多采用玻璃瓶包装、聚酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate,PET)包装、软包装复合薄膜(Flexible Packaging Composite Film,PE)食品包装等,各包装都有其优缺点。本文利用3种不同的包装材料进行充油浸泡试验,分析各种材料的透湿性,研究不同包装材料对大豆油贮存指标的影响。