关于马克思主义国家本质观的认识

国家的本质是认识国家的前提，是解决政治生活中各种问题的根本。理解和认识马克思主义国家本质观必须从认识关于国家的各种起源说开始，从而揭示出马克思主义国家本质观的科学性与合理性，通过马克思对资本主义国家本质批判的认识探讨我国应如何正确的坚持马克思主义国家本质观。     

基于突发公共事件的国家审计服务国家治理的路径探析

国家治理的需求决定了国家审计的产生,在突发公共事件审计中也要以服务国家治理为改革路径,推动国家应急处置能力的提升,实现国家的良好治理。突发公共事件会造成严重社会危害,是对国家治理能力的重大考验,国家审计具有预防、揭示和抵御的功能,可以在国家治理中发挥重要作用。通过从国家治理的角度分析了突发公共事件审计存在的问题及原因,最后提出从审计问责、审计整改、审计独立性、审计应急预案、审计队伍建设等多个维度提升国家审计能力,推动国家审计的科学发展。     

财政是国家分配还是公共融资

最近,王达同志在《经济研究》1994年第3期上发表了大作“重新认识财政范畴”(下简称“王文”),对如何认识财政本质提出一些值得重视的观点和思考方法,值得我们在探讨这一问题过程中借鉴。但是,对该文的某些基本观点本人却不敢苟同。在此,不揣冒昧地提出以就教于王达同志。 一、财政是否“公共融资” 王文认为,财政的基本释义是“资金融通”,因此,Public Finance一词应译为“公共融资”或“公共金融”。王文还认为“西方学者把政府收支称为‘公共融资’。这是因为:收与支是财政活动的两个方面,收是筹集资金,支是运用资金;筹资用资构成完整的融资行为。”我们认为,王文这种观点是缺乏说服力的。 首先,事物的本质是同类现象中一般的共同的     

行政伦理视角下的行政国家与权力监督

行政伦理是约束行政国家权力扩张的重要机制。而行政国家是随着行政职能的扩展而出现的一种国家现象。现代行政国家的产生具有经济的、政治的和管理的根源,需要发挥行政伦理的监督功能。     

构建服务于国家治理现代化的公共经济理论体系

公共经济与国家治理之间存在着极为密切的内在联系,对国家治理起着至为重大和非常关键的作用,各个国家公共经济的质量与绩效从根本上决定着其在世界范围内竞争中的胜负成败;有效实现国家治理现代化目标,需要高度重视解决公共经济问题,高度重视公共经济规律和方法的研究,高度重视公共经济理论的应用.但在我国,总体上仍属于西方“舶来品”翻版的公共经济理论体系对现实公共经济问题却明显缺乏诠释力、预测力和破解力,因而需要通过系统性的创新来构建能够有效服务于国家治理现代化实践的公共经济理论体系;创新的基本方向是实现公共经济理论体系的独立化、科学化、中国化、马克思主义化,强化其实用性,并从六项主要内容上着力实施创新性改造;同时要努力创设出公共经济理论体系发挥服务功能的必要条件.     

从经济法学的角度看国家干预经济的界限

我国改革开放30年来经济蓬勃发展,那么在经济全球化的大背景下,国家对市场经济的干预是必要的同时也是经济法的一个最本质的属性,所谓经济法就是在对市民社会和国家政治特征高度理解的前提和基础上,完全掌握市民社会和国家政治特征之间相互促进的客观规律。本文主要从经济法学的视角下对国家干预经济的界限进行了审视和分析。     

论重商主义与英国民族国家的崛起

重商主义是英国从15世纪至17世纪中叶占支配地位的经济思想.重商主义作为一项政策在16、17世纪的英国得以大力推行,主要是民族国家崛起的需要.伊丽莎白统治时期的英国,以国家的公共利益和绝对君权为最高利益,通过重商主义政策的推行,强力推动了本国经济和政治的近代转型,为英国民族国家的崛起奠定了坚实的物质基础.     

自然资源国家所有权行使探究——以无线电频谱资源为例

国家的功能决定了自然资源国家所有权的功能,即国家应当通过行使其所有权,实现其负担的公共任务——为公共利益服务。自然资源国家所有权的本质是公共所有权,国家权力的运行是为了实现公共利益,国家同时具有的民事权利能力是国家灵活的完成公共任务的手段。我国的自然资源可划分为公共国有财产和普通国有财产,对应的所有权的行使方式上,前者遵照严格的公共用途限制,后者(如:无线电频谱资源)可以按照民法上的方式行使。     

国家——社会关系视域中的社会权力研究

社会权力是国家权力的根源和回归,它在维护个体权利,限制国家权力和弥补国家权力功能不足等方面发挥重要功能;在治理方式上从统治向治理转变、在权力制约模式是从传统向现代转变和在政府权限上从无限政府向有限政府转变可以保证社会权力的实现。     

基于国家治理层面的我国国家审计

马克思主义国家学说认为：国家治理就是“通过配置和运行国家权力,对国家和社会事务进行控制、管理和提供服务,确保国家安全,捍卫国家利益,维护人民权益,保持社会稳定,实现科学发展”。国家审计是国家治理的重要组成部分。国家审计基于一种特殊的委托代理关系,代表全国人民监督治理国家公共财产。国家审计予于依法治国和以德治国的治理模式之中,是国家治理的有效工具。     

An examination of the effects of partitioned country of origin on consumer product quality perceptions

This paper deals with the effects of partitioned country‐of‐origin associations on consumer product quality evaluations. The main objective of this research is to examine the cognitive processes by which country‐of‐origin information influences the consumer's evaluation of a product. To study the psychological process by which the country‐of‐origin associations are integrated in the formation of related behavioural deliberation, a hypothetical structural model was developed. The model contains seven theoretical constructs, i.e. country of design, perceived product sophistication, country of assembly, perceived manufacturing excellence, country of parts, perceived product quality and perceived product design. Data were analysed via structural equation models using Analysis of MOment Structures (AMOS) 5.0. Results show that countries that already have positioned themselves around a reputation for technological innovation related to product development and manufacturing may expect consumers to transfer those associations to new products from the country.     

Leveraging the Diaspora for Africa’s Economic Development

ABSTRACT

African countries need to engage their diasporas in industrialized countries to provide much needed human, social, and financial capital to help with their economic development. For Africa’s economies to successfully transition from their current state of commodity-dominated production to high value-added production, governments in the continent must design and implement strategies to harness their grossly underutilized diaspora in developed countries. For the most part, the diaspora’s contribution to development has been viewed only in terms of remittances that go primarily to support families. In this paper, we provide a broad overview of some of the diaspora friendly policies that can help engage the African diaspora in the economic development of their respective countries of origin (COOs). Governments in the COOs need to move beyond seeing the diaspora as simply a source for remittances, and engage them in a meaningful way to provide them with a sustainable competitive advantage in the global battle for talent. There needs to be a move beyond simple calls to patriotism, and into engagement that leads to a mutually beneficial relationship between the diaspora and its COO. We conclude by pointing out some of the steps that can be taken in this regard to engage with the diaspora in a mutually beneficial relationship.     

绿色农产品原产地效应与品牌策略初探

产品原产地是影响消费者购买决策的重要因素之一。绿色农产品具有明显的地理区域特征,其产品质量特征与特定生产加工区域的地理环境和自然资源条件密切相关,原产地效应更加突出。本文在分析绿色农产品原产地效应及其特点的基础上,提出了绿色农产品原产地品牌构建的意义和策略。     

基于合理性理论视角的来源国效应研究

文章基于制度理论中的合理性理论视角,对来源国效应进行了剖析,认为来源国效应本质上是通过合理性感知这一中介机制来发挥其对消费者态度和行为的影响的。消费者会分别基于来源国的绩效和制度形象形成对实用合理性和社会合理性两种判断,进而决定采取何种态度或行为。因此,企业可以通过绩效行为和制度行为来发展提升其来源国合理性的策略。     

How Much More (or Less) Is a Brand Worth When Made in a Low Labor-Cost Country? It Depends Upon Who and Where You Ask

ABSTRACT

This multinational adaptive conjoint study measures how much more, or less, consumers might be willing to pay for different brand/manufacturing country combinations. Chinese, South Korean, and US respondents were asked about their preferences for laptop computers carrying different combinations of price, country of manufacture (CM), and country of brand (CB) cues. For all three respondent groups, price was the most salient attribute, followed by country of manufacturing, and then CB. Nonetheless, respondents from different countries differed in their preferences for price/country of manufacturing/brand combinations. The findings suggest that brands having both positive CB and CM images can charge premium prices in their home countries and abroad. Brands with weaker CB and CM images may enjoy home court advantages domestically; however, they may have to price their products lower when competing in countries with stronger CM and CB reputations.     

大国经济自生能力的理论探究

在世界经济快速和不均衡的增长中,一些大国的经济正在复苏,因为他们具备大国经济自生能力。本文从大国经济增长力、大国经济吸引力和大国经济持久力三个方面,在理论上对大国经济自生能力的概念和构成要素进行了探讨和研究。     

对我国发展中国家地位的思考与建议

本文分析了高收入国家与发达国家在概念上的差异,指出不能将世界银行认定高收入国家的标准,作为区分发达国家与发展中国家的标准。本文提出用发达国家末尾集团的人均GDP作为发达国家的"门槛线",并结合日本、韩国、新加坡等国的发展经验,以及国内各省人均GDP发展现状,做出了相应预测:我国人均GDP至少还需要十年才能够达到发达国家"门槛线"。据此,本文认为我国作为全球制造大国、贸易大国,既要认真考虑发展的外溢效应,承担相应大国责任;也要认清发展任务的艰巨性,以便更好地维护我国发展中国家的地位。     

The interplay between home and host institutions on CBA ownership decision

Cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) are one of the key strategies for internationalization. However, most of what is known about CBA strategies relies on the effects of the host country's environment or the home country's conditions. In this article, we analyze the interplay between these two important factors. We show that companies from less institutionally developed countries are more influenced by poor institutional conditions found in host countries. We analyzed a dataset of 1,390 cross-border acquisitions performed by Latin American firms. The literature on the subject points out that less developed host environments lead to fewer shares of ownership acquired in CBAs. However, we confirmed that the quality of the home country's institutional environment positively moderates the effects of the host environment over ownership choice in the acquisition. This effect is due to companies from less developed environments being able to use their embedded capabilities to better navigate faulty institutional environments abroad.     

The Effect of Country and Culture on Perceptions of Appropriate Ethical Actions Prescribed by Codes of Conduct: A Western European Perspective among Accountants

Recognizing the growing interdependence of the European Union and the importance of codes of conduct in companies’ operations, this research examines the effect of a country’s culture on the implementation of a code of conduct in a European context. We examine whether the perceptions of an activity’s ethicality relates to elements found in company codes of conduct vary by country or according to Hofstede’s (1980, Culture’s Consequences (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA)) cultural constructs of: Uncertainty Avoidance, Masculinity/Femininity, Individualism, and Power Distance. The 294 individuals, who participated in our study, were from 8 Western European countries. Their responses to our 13 scenarios indicate that differences in the perceptions of ethicality associate primarily with the participants’ country as opposed to their employer (i.e., accounting firm), employment level, or gender. The evidence also indicates that these country differences associate with Hofstede constructs of Individualism and Masculinity.     

Managing Opportunism in China: The Roles of Guanxi,Environmental Uncertainty,and Management Culture

ABSTRACT

This cross-cultural comparison aims to understand whether the influence of consumer ethnocentrism (CE) on consumer preference for domestic versus foreign products is product category and country-of-origin dependent. Three countries with dissimilar cultural orientation and economic status—China, South Korea, and the United States—were examined. American consumers were found to be more ethnocentric than Chinese and South Korean consumers. CE was found to significantly and positively predict American and Korean consumers’ preference for domestic products across product categories, while Chinese consumers’ CE did not translate into their preference for Chinese products. In addition, the relationship between CE and purchase preference varied across product categories as well as countries of origin.