上市公司审计委托模式的重新思考

上市公司欺诈和注册会计师审计失败是目前证券市场关注的热点。注册会计师独立性受阻是审计失败的重要根源,而现行的审计委托模式是造成注册会计师独立性受损的根本原因。本文分析了现行审计委托模式的缺陷,并结合我国实际,提出由中国证监会设立审计委员会统一管理上市公司会计报表审计,替代上市公司委托审计,向上市公司收取审计费用并支付给会计师事务所。通过建立一种新的审计委托模式以提高注册会计师审计独立性。     

浅论审计委托模式的重构与注册会计师独立性的关系

文章从注册会计师的独立性与审计委托模式的关系出发，分析了我国现有审计委托模式对我国注册会计师在执行审计工作时独立性的影响，提出建立一种双委托代理的审计委托模式，以期提升我国注册会计师的独立性，提高审计质量。     

关于审计独立性的思考

近年来国内外财务丑闻频发不止,独立审计面临空前的诚信危机。究其原因,除注册会计师专业胜任能力有限、注册会计师违规成本过低、注册会计师执业道德水准有待提高等因素外,现行审计委托模式的缺陷对独立性的影响也是重要原因。传统的三方审计委托关系发展到今天,实质上已经蜕化成了两方审计委托关系,严重地影响了审计的独立性。关于如何弥补现行审计委托模式的缺陷,重塑审计委托关系,加强独立审计的独立性,本文提出了由证监会作为审计委托人的解决办法。     

论审计独立性的影响因素及对策

简要分析了公司治理结构和审计委托模式,会计师事务所的组织形式,会计师事务所的规模,非审计服务的提供,注册会计师个人素质,事后惩罚机制的缺乏对注册会计师审计独立性的影响,并提出了相应对策。     

现行独立审计委托模式的新探索

独立性是独立审计(又称注册会计师审计)的灵魂，是保证审计质量的关键所在。现行独立审计委托模式理论上是可行的，但与我国现实的状况不符，影响了独立审计的独立性．从而极大程度上降低了独立审计的可信性和权威性。为了解决这一问题，我们应该改变独立审计的委托模式，只有这样才能使独立审计的独立性得到最大程度的保证，从而使独立审计的审计信息真正能为信息使用者信赖。     

上市公司审计委托关系的重构——加强审计独立性的路径

本文首先分析了我国上市公司现行审计委托模式的缺陷，指出由上市公司直接委托会计师事务所审计的现行审计委托模式容易造成审计独立性缺失。然后结合我国实际，提出实行在中国证监会下设立审计委员会统一管理上市公司财务报表审计的新的审计委托模式。通过重构上市公司审计委托关系，增强注册会计师审计独立性。     

注册会计师独立性:行为约束与核心价值

本文从行为约束与核心价值两方面阐述了注册会计师的独立性内涵,指出了产生注册会计师独立性风险的直接经济利益、潜在雇佣、审计收费、亲密关系以及非审计服务等外部环境因素,会计师疑难问题判断、审计测试风险、重要性判断等注册会计师的主观判断因素。结合中国注册会计师独立性的现实背景,提出了加强会计师事务所的企业文化建设、健全会计师事务所的内部控制、改进业务委托方式、实行强制性更换制度、审计业务和咨询业务相分离等独立性风险的防范措施。     

注册会计师独立性：行为约束与核心价值

本文从行为约束与核心价值两方面阐述了注册会计师的独立性内涵,指出了产生注册会计师独立性风险的直接经济利益、潜在雇佣、审计收费、亲密关系以及非审计服务等外部环境因素,会计师疑难问题判断、审计测试风险、重要性判断等注册会计师的主观判断因素。结合中国注册会计师独立性的现实背景。提出了加强会计师事务所的企业文化建设、健全会计师事务所的内部控制、改进业务委托方式、实行强制性更换制度、审计业务和咨询业务相分离等独立性风险的防范措施。     

构建新的注册会计师审计委托模式的思考

近几年,我国上市公司财务造假案屡屡发生,为其出具审计报告的会计师事务所和注册会计师因审计失败受到有关部门的严厉处罚.注册会计师审计失败的原因有很多,如:注册会计师职业道德低下、审计方法落后、专业素质差等,但最主要的原因就是注册会计师缺乏应有的独立性,而独立性缺乏的根本原因在于审计委托模式存在缺陷.     

再论注册会计师审计的独立性—“双安事件”的启示

一、独立性--注册会计师审计的灵魂 注册会计师尽管接受委托单位的委托执行业务,而且要向委托单位收取费用,但注册会计师所承担的却是对于整个社会公众的责任这就决定了注册会计师必须与委托单位和外部组织之间保持一种超然独立的关系,即注册会计师审计应具有独立性.     

浅析非审计服务对审计独立性的影响

审计独立性是审计服务的核心和灵魂,随着非审计服务在会计师事务所业务中所占的比例越来越大,对审计独立性的影响也随着增大。文章阐述了非审计服务对审计独立性的影响,并提出了应对措施。     

审计独立性缺乏的因素分析及对策研究

本文认为,独立性是审计的灵魂,是会计师事务所生存和发展的源泉,离开了独立性审计质量只能是空谈。安然公司会计丑闻导致了安达信瓦解,社会对安达信提供的非审计业务是否影响审计独立性提出了质疑。非审计业务的巨额收益使得会计师事务所与客户间产生经济关联,利益驱使注册会计师与客户合谋而损害审计独立性。本文在对审计独立性影响因素进行分析的基础上,提出保持审计独立性的对策。     

Review of empirical research on rotation and non-audit services: auditor independence in fact vs. appearance

Confidence in the processes of corporate reporting and auditing has rapidly decreased recently due to front-page accounting scandals in both the United States and Europe. The goal of audit regulations, such as the Sarbanes Oxley Act in the United States (US) and the 8th Directive in the European Union (EU), is to restore public trust in the auditing process. Along with other regulatory aspects, requirements related to audit partner rotation and bans on providing concurrent non-audit services were implemented to maintain auditor independence, both in fact and in appearance. However, the implementation of audit regulation implies that increased requirements are able to enhance the failed audit function. Empirical research should help to understand the impact of these two regulatory aspects and indicate their effectiveness in maintaining auditor independence. Thus, we outline the newest empirical research related to audit partner rotation and non-audit services and independence in fact or in appearance. Overall, we conclude that prior research does not point to one particular requirement that would most effectively restore trust in the audit function. Rather the existence of multiple threats to auditor independence might demand a combination of several requirements to maintain auditor independence. Thus, more research is needed to investigate the joint effects of different threats to auditor independence, e.?g., non-audit fees and audit partner tenure.     

审计师行为选择与其独立性偏好关系分析

现行关于审计师行为实证研究中,大都基于审计意见类型推断审计师独立性,没有对审计意见类型为什么能代表审计师独立性进行分析和讨论,本文采用偏好、选择与效用经济学基础理论来进行分析和证明。通过逻辑分析、模型构建和推导发现,对审计意见类型的选择结构能够推断审计师对独立性的偏好关系,这种关系是基于审计师效用最大化做出的。     

An Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Non‐audit Services on Auditor Independence in Appearance in the European Union: Evidence from Germany

The provision of non‐audit services by the statutory auditor may have a negative impact on auditor independence. Therefore, the European Union decided to prevent auditors from offering a significant extent of non‐audit services to audit clients. Prior research has revealed that different advisory services have different effects on perceived auditor independence. This could be caused by differences in number and intensity of independence threats (self‐interest, familiarity, self‐review, advocacy). Therefore, this experimental study investigates the effect of such threats on independence perceptions in the case of German individual investors. Multivariate analyses indicate that a high self‐interest and a high‐familiarity threat may impair auditor independence in appearance. On the other hand, our findings do not reveal a significant effect of an existing advocacy threat on investors’ trust in auditor independence. A negative effect of a self‐review threat is not directly confirmed. However, the provision of services with regard to internal controls, and thus the self‐review threat, interacts with the self‐interest threat. They potentially impact perceived auditor independence negatively when non‐audit fees are high. In contrast, no significant interactions with familiarity are found. Based on these findings, a general prohibition of non‐audit services does not seem to be necessary. On the other hand, a non‐audit fees cap might be reasonable.     

论审计价格及其市场化导向

人们对审计收费认识上的偏差,注册会计师独立性缺失、审计价格难以反映审计市场的供求状况,审计主体无法自主定价,审计价格普遍偏低,价格机制对审计市场供求的调节作用无法发挥,这些问题严重影响审计市场的建立与健全和注册会计师行业的发展。本文认为,必须要改进现行审计收费制度,明确树立审计服务的盈利性观念,按照市场规律而非行政手段规范审计价格,确定审计价格时要遵循市场化原则。     

Does Board Independence Affect Audit Fees? Evidence from Recent Regulatory Reforms

To enhance board oversight, since 2002, US legislation has required listed companies to have a majority independent board. This paper uses this legislative change to examine the relation between board independence and audit fees. To provide a clean estimate of this relation, we adopt a difference-in-difference approach using a sample matched on client firm characteristics. We find that greater board independence is insignificantly associated with a change in audit fees when client firms operate in a weak information environment. When the information environment is strong, greater board independence is associated with an increase in audit fees. Our results are consistent with the nascent theory emphasizing information asymmetry and provide insight into the effectiveness of the mandated board independence in relation to audit quality.     

明确独立董事责任及其追究制度:提高审计独立性

审计独立性是影响审计质量的重要因素,面对我国证券市场审计质量低下的现状,探讨如何提高审计独立性具有十分重要的意义。从公司治理角度出发,分析了公司治理缺陷是造成独立性缺失的根本原因,并提出明确独立董事责任及其追究制度,提高审计独立性的建议。     

CPA独立性缺陷与不足分析

审计独立性是审计的灵魂,既是审计人员的行为约束,也是审计人员的核心价值。审计独立性的缺失,会直接导致审计的风险加大,最终导致审计失败。本文从审计独立性的先天性缺陷和后天不足两个方面进行了分析,并进而提出建议供研究讨论。