金融发展对农民收入增长的影响——来自1978-2008数据的再检视

中国金融发展对农民收入增长的影响目前尚未形成定论。本文利用1978-2008年的时间序列数据,对农民人均收入、金融发展、政府财政支农和产业结构调整之间的关系进行了实证检验。结果显示金融发展对农民收入增长具有显著的正向影响,政府的财政支农资金的增加对农民收入增长具有抑制作用,同时产业结构的变化对农民收入有显著的正效应。在此基础上,文章就促进农民收入增长提出了简要的政策建议。     

我国财政支农支出促进农民收入增长的实证分析

实证检验改革开放以来我国财政支农支出对农民收入增长的效应,财政支农支出对农民收入增长具有正的效应,说明财政支农支出在一定程度上促进了农民收入增长。因此,要采取切实措施,优化并扩大我国财政农业支出,从而促进我国农民收入快速增长。     

财政支农支出与农民收入关系的实证研究——以辽宁省为例

近年来,国家财政支援农业支出持续增加,本文从财政支农总量和结构两个维度入手,以辽宁省为例实证分析了财政支农支出与农民收入之间关系,结论表明财政支援农业支出对农民收入有促进作用,尤其是支援农业生产支出对农民收入的带动明显。     

财政金融支农的农民增收效应及作用机制研究

基于我国2000—2017年的省级面板数据,实证检验了财政支农与金融支农的农民增收效应及作用机制.研究结果表明:一是财政支农、涉农信贷和农业保险对农民增收具有显著正向促进作用;二是国际金融危机后财政支农的增收效应有所增强,农业贷款的增收效应则无显著变化;三是财政支农与农业保险的协同作用有助于促进农民增收,财政支农与涉农信贷对农民收入增长并没有产生显著的正向促进作用;四是财政支农有助于撬动涉农信贷和农业保险的发展进而促进农民增收.为促进农村经济发展和农民收入持续增长,需要优化财政金融安排,形成财政金融支农有效协同的体制机制.     

财政支农促进农民收入增长的微观机理及增收效应

财政支农作为国家扶持农业发展、促进农民增收的财政政策工具,对农民增产增收至关重要。然而目前我国在财政支农的规模、结构和效率上还存在诸多不足。基于索罗增长模型,构建了农民贷款财政完全贴息与完全不贴息两种情形的理论模型,在财政完全贴息的情形下,财政贴息有效缓解了农民融资约束,农民收入增长与农民资本实现了同步增长。在财政完全不贴息的情形下,农民资本约束无法解除,无法实现资本增长与农民收入同步增长的理想状态。在此基础上运用1978~2018年财政支农与农民收入增长的时间序列数据进行了实证研究。结果表明,长期内,财政支农每增加1%将会引起农民人均纯收入增加0.19%;短期内财政支农每增加1%,将拉动农民人均纯收入提高0.08个百分点。     

调整财政支农政策切实增加农民收入

在我国农产品供求总量已经基本平衡的新形势下,财政支农的目标应由增加农产品产量转为增加农民收入.在加大财政支农投入的同时,更要认真分析以往财政支农资金使用效率不高的原因,调整财政支农政策,切实增加农民收入.     

从农民增收的角度看我国财政支农资金绩效

"三农"问题的核心在于农民收入的稳定增加,在增加农民收入的各种措施中,财政支农资金起到关键的作用.财政支农资金对于农民收入的增加,不仅在于其支农的数量,更关乎其支农的质量和效率.文章分为三部分,首先,分析了财政支农资金的特征,其次,对财政资金的绩效进行分析,最后是结论和政策建议.     

财政支农与农民增收关系的定量研究

农民增收是建设社会主义新农村的中心环节。我国经济总体已发展到工业反哺农业的阶段,政府逐渐加大对"三农"的财政投入,但是农民收入却增长缓慢。本文选取农民收入作为衡量财政对"三农"投入效益的主要指标,采用计量分析方法分析了各项财政支农支出对农民收入增长的贡献,揭示现实存在问题,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

试论地方财政支农支出对农业经济发展的影响

随着地方支农政策的实行,农民的收入呈现不断增长的态势。实践证明,地方财政支农支出与农民收入增长成正比。因此,在实际生活中,应采取必要的措施,优化扩大地方支农支出,从而保障农业经济的快速增长。     

乡村振兴战略下促进农民增收的财政金融对策研究

利用1985-2020年的年度数据,通过平稳性检验、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应和方差分解分析,研究财政支农、农村金融对农民收入的影响.结果 表明:财政支农、农村金融都可以促进农民增收,且财政支农促进农民增收的影响力更大、贡献度更高.但是,财政支农、农村金融促进农民增收的贡献度总体相对有限.最后,提出强化乡村振兴人才支撑、加快农业供给侧结构性改革、推进农村金融供给侧改革、建立健全农村金融体系等促进农民增收的财政金融对策.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.