中国信保发布2016年《国家风险分析报告》和《全球投资风险分析报告》

《国家风险分析报告》——国家风险参考评级15国调升、13国调降;主权信用风险显著国家28个 2016年《国家风险分析报告》根据中国信保自主研发的评级体系,发布了全球192个主权国家的国家风险参考评级、主权信用风险评级以及相关评级报告,其中主权信用风险评级为中国信保首次对外发布.     

主权评级下调对中亚地区股票市场的冲击——基于哈萨克斯坦的实证

作为衡量主权国家信用风险的主权信用评级,为市场参与者提供了被评级国家正面或者负面的一个信号。通过了解主权信用评级调整情况,股票市场参与者能够知悉被评级国家的经济在未来的发展状况,进行风险预判调整投资行为。中亚地区的金融市场开放时间相对较晚,2006年阿拉木图区域金融中心的建立,标志着哈萨克斯坦股票市场正式融入国际资本市场,同时意味着影响市场变动的因素增多。本文基于哈萨克斯坦2006年到2012年的数据,研究中亚地区股票市场面对主权信用评级调整发生的变化,观察股票市场在主权评级调整时的变化情况,分析探讨可能的原因。文章中借助事件研究方法,量化分析主权评级调整在短期内对市场的影响情况。从实证研究结果来看,主权评级的下调,加剧了哈萨克斯坦的股票市场波动程度,增大金融风险。     

我国商业银行信用风险存在的问题及解决对策

一、商业银行信用风险管理机制存在的问题分析 (一)信用风险管理人才严重匮乏.中国银行业的信用风险管理方面的人一般是信用评级人员,在职责上缺乏必要的分工和制衡,影响到评级的客观性和公正性,而且管理人员的素质不高,这将直接影响到信用风险管理的结果.     

国际信用评级监管改革对我国信用评级行业的启示

信用评级机构虚高评级以及频繁下调主权评级等行为造成并加剧了金融市场动荡,各国政府以及实务界要求加强信用评级监管。美国明确了SEC对信用评级的监管责任,要求促进信用评级业的竞争,并认为评级机构应当适用于与审计师类似的法律责任和公共监管。欧盟对信用评级的监管也由"遵守或解释"模式转向行政监督。我国需要优化配置政府监管与评级机构对金融市场风险的监管权力界限,发挥各自监管优势,利用信用评级降低信用违约发生的概率,防止金融网络传播或放大信用风险;避免法规对信用评级的援引,激励大型金融机构发挥其在风险管理中的判断能力;加强对结构性金融产品基础资产信用风险和具体契约特征相关风险评级监管;探索利用"双评级"、投资者付费等模式以及评级机构声誉机制等提高信用评级的准确性,促进我国信用评级业的发展。     

我国商业银行的内部评级体系:实践及挑战

2004年,巴塞尔银行监管委员会出台了《统一资本计量和资本标准的国际协议:修订框架》(简称《巴塞尔新资本协议)》,确定了基于内部评级法的信用风险度量和资本金计算框架,使得内部评级体系作为银行经营管理的主线显得更加明确。在这一国际大背景下,我国大中型银行逐步借鉴国际银行业风险管理实践,加强了信用风险管理,初步建立了内部评级体系,积极准备实施《巴塞尔新资本协议》内部评级法。本文在把握我国银行内部评级体系建设实践的基础上,重点分析了部分银行内部评级体系在违约定义、评级结构、评级方法、评级流程等方面的特点,揭示了其与《巴塞尔新资本协议》内部评级法之间的差距。     

我国P2P网贷平台信用评级研究

目前,我国P2P网贷行业处于起步阶段,对于平台定量和定性指标的综合评价显得尤为重要.通过采用因子分析法和定性专家打分方法,构建定量指标与定性指标相结合的信用风险评级指标体系,并对我国60家P2P平台进行信用评级.研究表明:构建的P2P网贷平台信用风险评级体系具有一定的科学性与合理性,能够对网贷平台信用风险进行有效评价,可以为投资者提供参考、为监管提供依据.     

对商业银行信用评级工作的分析与思考

近年来,我国大部分银行逐步建立起了企业信用风险评级系统,作为加强信用风险管理的主要措施。但与发达国家的国际性银行相比,我国银行业的企业信用风险评级不论是在评级方法、评级结果的检验,还是在评级工作的组织等方面,都存在着相当大的差距,这严重地限制了信用风险评级在揭示和控制风险方面的作用。     

银行内部评级体系研究：文献综述

随着信用风险管理理论与实践的发展。内部评级体系逐步成为银行信用风险管理的核心内容。特别是2004年出台的《统一资本计量和资本标准的国际协议：修订框架》（巴塞尔新资本协议）确定了基于内部评级法（IRB）的信用风险度量和资本金计算框架。使得内部评级体系作为银行经营管理的主线显得更加明确。本文对国内外有关内部评级体系的研究成果进行了梳理。初步刻画了内部评级体系的理论和实践发展历程。明确了我国银行建立内部评级体系的发展方向。     

主权信用评级调整的经济影响北大核心CSSCISSCI

通过总结主权信用评级调整经济影响的相关研究以及国际三大评级机构的评级实践,本文勾勒出主权信用评级调整的主要冲击路径和原理。对于近期我国主权评级被穆迪下调事件,本文认为此次下调在现阶段对中国的影响有限,其最主要的影响在于增加国内企业海外融资成本,未来需重点防范评级机构在短期内集中下调评级所产生的叠加效应。     

欧债危机背景下欧洲银行业形势研究和展望

欧债危机致使欧洲银行业所面临的主权风险和信用风险骤升,将承受较大的投资损失和信贷资产质量恶化风险,欧洲银行业危机形势较为严峻.流动性困境和主权风险敞口过大是欧洲银行业的近忧和远虑,市场投资者恐慌情绪较为浓重,银行股价大幅下挫,今年以来评级机构下调了英、法、意等国银行评级.目前,欧洲银行业危机基本可控,但是还需要银行重组...     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

金融企业员工考核系统的设计

一、概述 为配合公司人事考核制度的贯彻执行,保证该制度执行过程中各项工作能够长期、高效、准确地完成,我们开发了公司员工考核系统,实现了人事考核工作中员工投票、考核统计、考核信息分析、报表生成等功能,减少了人事部门人员的手工操作,提高了考核工作的自动化程度.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.