我国农村集体土地产权制度的缺陷和改革措施

随着国家经济的快速崛起,我国在由农业大国向新型工业大国转变的过程中,伴随着城镇化进程的加速,越来越凸显我国现有的农村集体土地使用及流向问题。土地改革是破解我国发展新型农村的关键,改革的重点要靠土地产权制度来支撑,必须要有效的完善我国现有的农村集体土地制度才能突破我国新农村发展的瓶颈。本文主要从我国现行的农村集体土地产权制度来分析,深刻剖析现有的集体土地产权缺陷问题,提出有效的措施来保证现行的农民土地的使用权和收益权,从而更有效的促进我国土地使用建设和国家的新农建设。     

谈我国产权交易市场的可持续发展问题

我国产权交易市场建立的目的在于:作为被政府赋予一定监管职能的民事权利主体,对国有产权转让的行为和过程行使约定的监督职能和报告义务;为产权交易行为人提供交易平台,对产权交易行为进行有效组织,提高交易效率,降低交易成本.然而,现阶段我国产权市场还存在功能定位不明确,市场结构割裂等问题.本文阐述了培育我国产权市场的必要性,对产权市场现存的问题作出分析,并提出相应的对策.     

论民族地区产权交易市场的职能定位

民族地区大力发展产权交易市场,对国家经济发展战略的实施,金融运作效率的提高,现代企业制度的建立和多层次资本市场的建设和完善作用重大,根据产权交易市场资金融通、资源配置、价值发现、传播信息、保护投资者利益的功能和民族地区的经济发展的现状,民族地区产权交易市场应将职能定位为区域性国有资产流动、区域性非公开资本市场、金融资产、债权交易、科技成果转化、机构投资者和创业资本的引入和产权信息服务等六大平台。     

我国农村合作金融的体制缺陷及其改革路径选择

尽管我国农村金融需求多种多样．但是农村金融的供给却多少具有一定的垄断性,体制缺乏竞争力、治理缺乏激励和活力。文章从我国农村合作金融的体制缺陷及其改革路径选择方面进行了探析。     

我国农村社会保障资金的制度缺陷与路径选择

农村社会保障资金是支持我国农村社会保障发展的重要经济基础,也是发展好＂三农＂的重要前提。目前我国的农村社会保障资金制度虽然初具规模,但仍然在资金的筹集、运行、管理方面存在着一定的缺陷。只有在政府和农民这两者之间进行互动性的改进,才能真正发挥社会保障资金应有的作用,让农民受惠,使国家减压,从而促进＂三农＂的持续稳定发展。     

我国上市公司产权制度缺陷与治理

在上市公司治理结构中,产权制度是治理的基础,而我国上市公司普遍存在着产权关系模糊,国有股股权集中等问题,严重阻碍了上市公司的稳健发展。对我国上市公司产权制度缺陷进行分析,并提出了解决措施。     

产权交易联盟发展路径选择研究

本文在产权交易相关理论和区域性产权交易联盟相关理论的基础上,分析了中国产权交易市场存在的问题,研究了产权交易联盟的优势,以及区域性产权交易市场存在的问题,借鉴美国“无缝隙”的证券交易市场体系经验,在充分考虑中国现实背景下,阐述了区域性产权交易联盟发展路径的选择观点。     

Online Media,Market Orientation,and Financial Performance in Nonprofits

The combination of social, political, and economic changes causing simultaneously decreasing funding and increasing demand for services is driving nonprofit managers to engage in proactive marketing in a for-profit model, including the use of online media. This research extends the MARKOR model of market orientation to examine the relationship between market orientation practices, as reflected in the utilization of online media, and their effects on the financial viability of nonprofit organizations (NPOs). The Wayback Machine website (http://waybackmachine.org) provided a unique ability to track site content over time, for comparison with each organization's financial indicators at corresponding points in time. The results of this study confirm the positive relationship between higher market orientation via online media presence and improved financial viability for the sampled group of NPOs. This study provides a simple, actionable, and free measure that NPOs can use to assess their current and planned online media.     

Market Orientation and Organizational Performance in the Nonprofit Context: Exploring Both Concepts and the Relationship Between Them

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the concepts market orientation and organizational performance for nonprofit organizations. To understand the nature of this link in the nonprofit context, the authors will discuss and elaborate on the applicability of both concepts to nonprofits. They will develop multidimensional notions of “societal orientation” and “nonprofit organizational performance,” which fit the specific operating environment of nonprofit organizations engaged in the provision of health and social services. The authors also propose a conceptual framework that relates both notions and present the main underlying propositions. They conclude by suggesting items to empirically measure both constructs and venues for future research.     

中国市场进入障碍与经典理论相一致吗?

文章从中国迟缓进入者企业类别中抽选了204个有效样本,检验中国经济环境下进入障碍结构和各个构成类别的重要性.研究显示,中国经济环境主要由三种进入障碍构成,分别是资金、竞争和经营环境,集中反映了14种不利因素.另外,中国经济环境中不存在经典理论普遍认同的最重要的进入障碍--守成者的成本优势,同时发现中国最重要的进入障碍是守成者管理经验.     

Market Orientation of Riding Schools: A Comparison of For Profit and Nonprofit Organizations Using Structural Equation Modeling

For profit and nonprofit service providers compete in different areas of economy. Market orientation is a widely acknowledged concept that influences the performance of both for-profit companies and nonprofit organizations. Nevertheless, the different underlying attitudes and motivations of voluntary or professional managers may influence the market orientation of an organization. An empirical study was conducted for investigating the influence of different attitudes toward market orientation. Groups of non- and for-profit managers are compared using the example of German riding schools. Overall, 244 volunteer and professional managers answered the survey. A structural path model was evaluated using the software SmartPLS 3. Results show that attitudes and motivations exert influence differently in the non- and the for-profit contexts. The economic situation was found to have an influence solely on the satisfaction reported by professional managers but not on the satisfaction reported by volunteers. Implications for future research on nonprofit market orientation can be drawn from the findings.     

影响企业市场导向业绩表现的共变量——不同成熟度企业之间的比较研究

本文研究共变量对市场导向与企业业绩等产出变量之间的关系,通过采用MKTOR量表测量市场导向,并将企业竞争能力作为市场导向的决定因子,同时将企业预期行为作为产出因子,对市场导向进行结构方程模型的定量研究。最后证明,在不同企业成熟度的企业中,例如跨国公司和小作坊式企业,市场导向的水平未必导致优良的企业业绩和良好的企业预期行为。     

A Conceptual Model of Political Market Orientation

SUMMARY

This article proposes eight constructs of a conceptual model of political market orientation, taking inspiration from the business and political marketing literature. Four of the constructs are ‘behavioural’ in that they aim to describe the process of how information flows through the organisation. The remaining four constructs are attitudinal, designed to capture the awareness of members to the activities and importance of stakeholder groups in society, both internal and external to the organisation. The model not only allows the level of a party's political market orientation to be assessed, but also aids the party in making a context-specific decision with regard to the reallocation–or not–of party resources in order to attain the party's long-term objectives.     

Market Orientation: An Iterative Process of Customer and Market Engagement

ABSTRACT

Research Purpose. The objective of this research was to examine market orientation in organisations that deliver manufacturing-based services to both client organisations and their customers.

Research Approach. The case study research method employed three data collection methods: in-depth, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and physical artefact analysis. Embedded study units comprising groups of different stakeholders with distinctly different perspectives provided a basis for replication logic to enhance validity of the findings.

Findings. The research revealed that a firm's transition toward a market-oriented state is progressive. At a given point in time, a firm may be adjusting to its markets intuitively or cognitively; market responsiveness may be occurring in specific pockets of the firm, or as an enterprise-wide strategy; and some of the conditions specified may be met, some may be partly met and others may remain to be addressed in the future. A specific customer focus was important to the conceptualisation of market orientation in the case organisation.

Research Implications. Key implications of the research are as follows:

• In conceptualising market orientation as a process as opposed to an ideal state, important issues of structural and policy alignment and senior executive vision and drive are revealed;

• in addition to customer and competitor orientations and intra-organisational co-ordination, other dimensions of a market orientation revealed in the research context are a customer focus and a new knowledge orientation; and

• both inter- and intra-organisational co-ordination facilitate the development of market driven and market driving customer value.

Practical Implications. While the senior executives were aware of the significant performance benefits to be achieved through a national, market-oriented vision, the lack of a co-ordinated plan to achieve cultural change resulted in incremental achievements towards the vision. One key factor inhibiting the envisioned cultural change was the power base of those within the organisation who perceived that a national, market focus would eliminate local autonomy. Specific policy was required to align rewards with required behavioural change.

Contribution. This research provides a unique perspective of market orientation as process of organisational development directed towards aligning the organisation with its served markets. Intervention strategies and incremental changes attempted to achieve a national market perspective, highlight the importance of aligning structure, human resource management strategy, top management commitment and leadership drive in achieving such a cultural change.     

Measuring Market Orientation: Generalization and Synthesis

This paper reports on an integrative, cross-nationalstudy which synthesizes and retests work of three separate groupsof researchers who in the late 1980s developed measurementsof a firm's Market Orientation. The projects resulted in threedifferent but syntactically similar Market Orientation scaleswhich, along with other measures, were used to support substantiveconclusions, particularly those involving firm Performance. Basedon a new study of 82 managers in 27 European and U.S. companies,we show that all three scales are reliable and valid. The scalesalso seem to generalize well internationally, both in terms ofreliability and prediction of Performance. We also show thatthe scales are similar to one another in terms of various validitymeasures and in terms of correlations with Performance measures.Finally, we synthesize a 10-item scale based on a more parsimoniousdefinition of Market Orientation as: the set of cross-functionalprocesses and activities directed at creating and satisfyingcustomers through continuous needs-assessment.     

论市场契约对公允价值目标导向的影响

公允价值的出现使得会计计量属性从内容到目标更趋向于公正、公平和公开的理想状态。我国于2006年引入公允价值以来,公允价值使用结果值得探究。从研究过程来分析,公允价值目标导向始终会受到其市场契约的限制。而分析市场契约的本质,优化市场契约则有利于公允价值发挥其效力。     

Are Market Orientation and Learning Orientation Necessary for Superior Organizational Performance?

There exists contradictory theoretical arguments and counter-intuitive empirical results regarding the market orientation, learning orientation and organizational performance nexus. We ask, can we simplify relations in this nexus? This study analyzes data from Australian organisations and employs non-nested encompassing tests. Contrary to recent findings extolling the virtues of a learning orientation, our results suggest that a market orientation may be the pre-eminent strategy to achieve superior organizational performance.