Proactive planning for catastrophic events in supply chains

Supply chains are increasingly vulnerable to catastrophic events such as hurricanes or terrorist attacks. This is not only true because firms are more exposed to catastrophes, but also the result of investments made in recent years to operate supply chains with fewer human and capital resources, especially inventory. Consequently, there is today less “slack” available in supply chains to deal with catastrophic events. Thus, proactively planning for these types of events should be a priority for supply chain managers. A catastrophic event has a very low probability of occurrence but has significant consequences if it does occur. The goal of this research is to develop a process to proactively plan for catastrophic risk events through an integration of diverse research streams related to the management of risk. In particular, the proposed process builds upon an existing risk analysis framework by incorporating an innovative methodology used by the insurance industry to quantify the risk of multiple types of catastrophic events on key supply chain locations.     

A proactive approach to supply chain risk management: Shifting orders among suppliers to mitigate the supply side risks

Globalization, e-trade, advanced technologies and emerging production techniques have increased supply chains’ efficiency and added value. However, despite numerous advantages, these factors make supply chains more fragile and vulnerable to risks. For this reason, companies that perform supply chain risk management gain competitive advantage. In the past, supply chain managers mainly focused on reducing costs; but recently, they have begun to give importance to supply chain continuity and resiliency which have significant impacts on costs as well. Hence, conventional reactive planning has given way to proactive planning in supply chain risk management. In this study, the supply chain risk management process is investigated and a procedure is proposed in the risk mitigation phase. In the first stage of the proposed procedure, an initial procurement plan is obtained via a linear programming model, considering the cost criterion as the first priority. In the second stage, this plan is revised by including the risk criterion into the planning as the second priority. The aim of this procedure that enables proactive planning is to reduce the supply side risks. The model is tested with a hypothetical data set and the cost analysis is performed to evaluate the performance of the procedure. Finally, the whole supply chain risk management process including the proposed procedure is applied to an international automotive company.     

Risk aversion in the supply chain: Evidence from replenishment decisions

This study investigates the impact of individual risk aversion on replenishment decisions in a multi-echelon supply chain, and explores whether this impact is affected by experiential learning. The methodology applied is that of observational studies, while the multi-echelon supply chain is modeled through the classical Beer Game. Participants in the study are purchasing and supply chain professionals. Results suggest that risk aversion leads to higher orders, Risk aversion persists even after experience of the game has been gained.     

农产品供应链质量安全管理研究

首先介绍了农产品供应链及结构,分析我国农产品供应链的特点及现状;然后指出我国现阶段农产品供应链质量安全管理中存在的问题;结合过程管理的思想,提出了基于过程的农产品供应链质量管理系统,强调从农产品生产与流通的每个质量环节出发,来保障农产品质量安全,提出我国提高农产品质量安全的具体对策。     

基于系统动力学的汽车供应链风险因素分析

在分析汽车供应链风险因素的基础上,应用系统动力学理论与方法,对汽车供应链安全水平进行动态预测,研究不同风险因素对汽车供应链整体安全水平的影响,并通过仿真计算、对比分析各因素的风险防范投入增加率对整体安全水平影响的大小,求证风险防范投入与汽车供应链安全水平的相关性。仿真分析表明,该方法为汽车供应链风险管理提供了一个新的思路。     

国外供应链风险管理研究进展与未来展望

全球化背景下供应链风险日益增加,使得供应链变得愈加脆弱。为了保证供应链正常运营和实现供应链管理目标,必须采取有效的策略来预防、规避、响应风险。因而吸引了众多研究人员和管理者分别从不同角度对它进行了大量研究。作者对近10年来的相关文献进行了梳理．并从研究方法、研究内容和研究对象的角度进行了分析。在此基础上,归纳总结了现有研究的不足．并以系统观和风险协同为切入点指出未来可能的研究方向。     

The role of intermediaries in establishing a sustainable supply chain

In sustainable supply chain management, buyers may use intermediaries to bridge exchanges with suppliers when knowledge of suitable sustainability practices is weak and in need of facilitation. Understanding how supply chain intermediaries perform this role and what happens when intermediation is no longer needed is important in establishing more sustainable supply chains. Two supply chain intermediaries have been investigated with the resulting case study evidence analysed using the Gioia methodology. The findings suggest supply chain intermediaries add value to the buyer-supplier exchange by facilitating sustainability-related information transfer, knowledge development, risk management and improved capabilities. For example, specific practices such as corrective action reports, often managed by the intermediary, underpin the development of a sustainable supply chain. When the intermediary is no longer needed, they become disintermediated from the specific buyer-supplier exchange but may be re-employed in a new triadic relationship in the future with previous parties. This provides positive spill-over effects through intermediation–disintermediation–post-intermediation cycles for both the buyer and supplier populations and for broader society. Overall, the findings highlight the value of the transient position of supply chain intermediaries in establishing sustainable supply chains and the intended consequences of their involvement.     

Determining an optimal margin of error for supply chain audits

Unsaleables are products that need to be removed from the primary distribution channel for a variety of reasons including being damaged in the supply chain or reaching the end of their useful life before being sold. One approach for processing unsaleables is the development of Adjustable Rate Policies (ARP) whereby manufacturers establish reimbursement rates for damaged and expired product based on data collected from supply chain audits. A prerequisite for developing equitable reimbursement rates is the need for representative audits of the supply chain which in turn depend on the development of proper sampling plans. Given the need to obtain a representative sample in order to establish accurate reimbursement rates and critical flaws in the conventional sampling methodology, the purpose of this research is to propose a new methodology for determining the sample size for conducting supply chain audits and compare the proposed method to other methods. The results of the study consistently support the value of optimally determining the margin of error based on contextual factors such as sales volume, unit cost, and unit sampling costs.     

Adapting supply chain management strategies to security – an analysis of existing gaps and recommendations for improvement

The purpose of this paper is to determine the main security threats in supply chains, to understand gaps in today’s supply chain management strategies and to make recommendations to enhance security in the context of supply chain management. Previous research lacks comprehensive studies and recommendations about how supply chain managers deal with security issues in line with the business visions and strategies of their companies. The study methodology is based on an exploratory approach. Data were collected from 20 managers from international companies by means of self-administered surveys, one-to-one interviews and group interviews. Study findings point out risk management as an important tool at the disposal of managers for trading off performance and vulnerability. However, some important challenges also need to be considered, such as lack of data, insiders, IT vulnerabilities, regulatory frameworks, criminal behaviour, etc. Hence, recommendations are made for managers to improve their understanding of supply chain security.     

供应链风险产生的根源及其评估

根据现有文献,对供应链风险源根据新的标准进行了新的分类,深入分析了供应链风险产生的原因。在此基础上,结合对风险源的分类,为了对供应链风险有直观的认识,提出了对供应链风险进行定量分析的方法。此外,对供应链风险水平提出了具体的评估标准,从而可以根据计算得出的相应具体数据,评估出供应链风险水平的等级。     

敏捷供应链管理系统的角色建模分析

本文采用角色建模的思想,构建基于合同网的敏捷供应链系统的角色模型,在此基础上,建立基于Multi-Agent的敏捷供应链的系统结构,并进行基于实现平台JADE的系统开发。     

供应链成员间知识转移影响因素与绩效评价模型研究——基于知识转移过程视角

基于供应链成员间知识转移的过程视角,对供应链成员间知识转移的过程进行系统分析。从理论上探讨供应链成员间知识转移的主要因素,基于变量间的逻辑关系推演出供应链成员间知识转移影响因素与知识转移绩效关系的概念模型。引入加权小世界网络分析方法,构建了供应链成员间知识转移绩效的定量评价模型,为供应链成员间以最小的成本来减少知识转移阻力,提高知识转移绩效提供了指导。     

How can banks and finance companies incorporate value chain factors in their risk management strategy? The case of agro-food firms

A value chain framework for guiding the financial firms in their credit decisions is urgent, as the current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted, but missing in the extant literature, particularly for those that lend to industries sensitive to value and supply chain bottlenecks. This study creates knowledge in value chain finance, a big untapped and un-researched market. It constructs, confirms, and validates a value chain framework for assessing risks in lending to Agro and Food Processing firms in which value chain risks are major business concerns globally. To pursue the objectives of the study, we use a novel methodology that integrates the Modified Delphi technique, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and discriminant analysis. Based on testing and analysis of primary data, including loan data, a framework comprising six factors is proposed for use in conjunction with existing risk assessment models of finance companies to improve the quality of their credit decisions, contributing to their performance sustainability.     

基于SaaS的敏捷供应链管理平台研究

软件即服务（SaaS）模式可以以低建设投入、低维护成本、低应用门槛、低投入风险的优势支持敏捷供应链的迅速结盟、优化联盟运行和联盟平稳解体。首先根据企业间信息共享的特点提出了两种构建敏捷供应链的方式,分析传统的以核心企业为中心构建供应链的局限性：然后提出基于SaaS模式构建敏捷供应链管理平台并讨论其敏捷性：最后从供应链节点的基本功能、产品提供者、产品销售者、产品配送者角度分析敏捷供应链管理的功能需求,构建基于SaaS模式的敏捷供应链管理平台。     

面向供应链中断风险的压力测试情景构建

极端事件有可能给供应链造成不可逆转的损害。文章分析了供应链中断风险的来源,从评估风险因子、选择风险指标、选择测试方法与范围三个方面论述了供应链中断风险压力测试中情景构建方法,最后提出了供应链中断风险的管理方法。     

The impact of supply chain agility on business performance in a high level customization environment

To improve business performance in rapidly changing environments, supply chain agility can be a crucial requisite to address responsiveness issues, especially in environments with high levels of customization. This paper examines the effect of supply chain agility on customer service, differentiation, and business performance. A survey research methodology was employed using a sample of 156 manufacturing firms that provide high levels of customization. In particular, structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to evaluate the proposed model. The results suggest that supply chain agility influences customer service and differentiation positively. However, it does not affect business performance directly; instead, better business performance can be achieved and mediated through improved customer service and differentiation. In particular, differentiation through customer service is the most effective way to improve business performance, and supply chain agility can help to achieve high-level customer service. The paper advises managers on details of how to fulfil their business performance ambitions better through suggested key agile supply chain management activities.     

The Coordination and Preference of Supply Chain Contracts Based on Time-Sensitivity Promotional Mechanism

To encourage retailers to submit orders as soon as possible, manufacturers usually launch a time-sensitivity promotional mechanism that the earlier you order, the cheaper the wholesale price will be in advance of the selling season. This paper aims to investigate if the mechanism can improve supply chain performance. A dyadic decentralized supply chain system comprising a single manufacturer and a single retailer is viewed as a research framework. Initially, a benchmark model is proposed to provide a criterion-referenced for coordinating the supply chain in a non-standard distribution environment. Second, a time-sensitive wholesale price contract is constructed to confirm that the mechanism can coordinate the supply chain. However, the retailer accepts the entire forecast risk under the contract. An improved contract called a time-sensitive revenue-sharing contract is constructed based on the notion that the manufacturer shares partial forecast risk. The results show that participants can arbitrarily divide the optimal supply chain’s expected profit between the constructed price contracts; however, two differences exist between the contracts, that is, participants have contract preferences. Finally, a numerical analysis and a few management insights are given.     

基于改进SCOR的外向型企业供应链风险评价及应用

为了更系统地对外向型企业供应链风险进行识别,改进供应链运作参考模型,将模型目的由优化供应链流程以提高供应链绩效转变为识别供应链流程运作中潜在的风险因素。在改进模型的基础上,构建外向型企业供应链风险评价指标体系,采用信息熵确定权重的物元可拓分析法评价已识别风险的等级情况,并以案例的形式展开具体讨论。结果显示:案例企业的整体供应链风险是处于中等风险,在22种风险因素中有6种属于较高风险等级。针对评价结果,提出做好前期调研工作、强化对风险源的监控管理、完善交易契约的内容设计以及构建供应链突发风险应急管理机制等措施建议。     

危险化学品供应链安全风险管理探讨

指出了危险化学品物流的重要性与特殊性,对危险化学品供应链安全风险管理进行了定义。在对危险化学品供应链进行安全风险分析的基础上,提出了相应的防范与控制措施。     

基于模糊测度的军品供应链系统风险管理

网络竞争环境下,对风险有效的测度和预警是军品供应链系统稳定运作的基本条件。从系统的角度分析了军品供应链的风险因素集,并给出了军品供应链整体风险的模糊测度方法。利用此方法,可以解决以往军品供应链系统风险分析和节点风险分析相脱离的弊端,获得对军品供应链系统风险的有效预警,对于合作合同商的选择和军品供应链系统效能的风险管理都有一定意义。