近年来哈萨克斯坦非能源产业发展现状

在全世界聚焦哈萨克斯坦石油、天然气产业和哈萨克斯坦从石油、天然气等传统能源获得巨大利益之时,哈萨克斯坦政府在积极推动本国非能源产业的发展,如粮食产业的恢复,核能等新能源的研发,轻工业产能产量的提高和产值的增加等。本文以纺织业为例,深入分析了该产业在哈萨克斯坦发展的现状、遇到的问题和所采取的对策,以此管窥哈萨克斯坦轻工业发展的真实现状。     

哈萨克斯坦核电站现状和发展规划

目前哈运行的唯—一个快速中子核反应堆动力装置6H－350在曼格什拉克核电厂。该反应堆的最大中子流为610N／CM2．SEC钠载热体用浓度25％的铀235。60年代研制，于1973年投入运行的这个反应堆连同淡化装置是本地区电力（功率125兆瓦）和淡化（100吨／昼夜）的重要来源。设计期限为2003年退出运行。哈电力总体上靠用煤，产生大量二氧化碳和其他化学物质。例如，帕甫洛达州（埃基巴斯图斯和叶尔马富克热电站）排出的有害物质总量近80万吨。由于用煤，城市的大气污染加剧，引起酸雨，破坏臭氧层，改变气候。选择核电站地点和评价核电对哈电力…     

印度发展信息技术产业及网络经济的做法与启示

印度信息技术产业及网络经济的发展,始于1986年印度政府制定《计算机软件出口、软件开发和培训政策》后。经过短短10多年的努力,印度信息技术产业取得了快速发展,特别在软件出口方面取得了显著的成绩,成为全世     

俄罗斯发布信息技术产业发展路线图

信息技术是俄罗斯新时期实现经济现代化和创新发展的五大优先方向之一。为进一步推动信息技术产业的发展,俄罗斯政府制定并发布了《信息技术产业发展路线图》。该路线图在评析俄罗斯信息技术产业发展现状的基础上,提出了2013-2018年俄罗斯政府发展信息技术产业的主要目标、重点任务及具体实施措施,其重点任务是:加强人才培养、改善商业环境、扩大研究、完善基础设施、推动国际合作。俄罗斯信息技术产业发展路线图对我国发展信息技术产业具有一定的借鉴意义。     

促进信息技术产业发展的税收思考

本文认为信息技术（IT）产业是一个比较幼稚的产业，但它对于国民经济而言又具有非常重大的现实意义。从某个角度上说，它在竞争中处于不利的地位，因而有必要对其在税收政策方面给予一定的扶持。扶持的措施是完善税收政策，改革现行的企业所得税、增值税和个人所得税，使我国的税收制度更加有利于IT产业的发展。     

信息技术产业与媒介经济的发展

在新世纪中,媒介信息产业将形成新的产业分解和整合趋势,以适应并进一步有力推动经济全球化以及人类社会高度信息化、数字化和全民参与的进程。     

哈萨克斯坦乳品业现状

哈萨克斯坦距加入世界贸易绀织已为时不远，现在需要考虑提高哈尉农产品的竞争力问题，任何一位有理智和远见的经营者心里都非常清楚，如果不采用新的生产技术和加工工艺，就会被市场所淘汰。[第一段]     

哈萨克斯坦家具行业现状

中国家具目前在哈萨克斯坦没有占据主流市场。主要原因是大部分哈萨克斯坦人对中国家具不认可。     

促进信息技术产业发展的税收思考

IT产业是一个比较幼稚的产业,但它对于国民经济而言又具有非常重大的现实意义。从某个角度上说,它在竞争中处于不利的地位,因而有必要对其在税收政策方面给予一定的扶持。扶持的措施是完善税收政策,改革现行的企业所得税,增值税和个人所得税,使我国的税收制度更加有利于IT产业的发展。     

信息技术发展对产业融合的影响分析

信息技术的发展,带动了产业结构的变动,这种向高级跃迁的形式是以产业融合的方式出现的。产业融合不仅在微观的企业层面出现带有复合的混业经营现象,使企业的边界扩大、职工身份的模糊,而且在宏观层面上出现产业的交叉渗透,产业部门关联复杂化,产业边界也更加模糊。信息技术革命促发的产业融合,深层次原因是技术创新带来了交易费用的降低,生产、消费的路径更加直接,从而使得企业能够以更富弹性的组织来重造企业,使产业间的渗透、再造得以进行。     

U.S. immigration regulations and India's information technology industry

The export-led growth of India's information technology (IT) industry has been nothing short of phenomenal over the past half-dozen years. Other studies have provided a number of explanations for the growth. This paper proposes that a significant factor has been overlooked or understated in prior explanations. Specifically, the Indian IT industry has utilized U.S. immigration regulations for competitive advantage to accelerate its growth. The importance of this factor is estimated through quantitative data analysis at the macro and firm levels. The analysis helps to explain why India's IT industry grew while that of other developing countries, with similar human capital resources and wage rates, did not. The U.S. Congress is currently debating U.S. immigration policies and may change them in the near future. Any changes will have significant effects on the future growth pattern of the Indian IT industry. Many developing countries have recognized India's success, and policymakers in those countries are implementing strategies to replicate it. The results from this study may help those policymakers better understand a key factor of India's success in exporting IT.     

Licensing technology to shape standards: Examining the influence of the industry context

Technology standards refer to particular technological solutions, which emerge as the accepted approach to fulfill a particular function. In light of the growing importance of technology standards and network externalities, industrial firms may not only adopt emerging standards, but they can actively shape the standardization processes based on their forecasting activities. One important means to influence standard setting towards a firm's own technology is to foster the technology's adoption by actively licensing it to other organizations. Thus, industrial firms may license technology in order to enhance their future new product performance based on a standard related to their technology. To shed light on these dynamics of standardization processes, we draw on contingency theory and conceptually examine the role of licensing in the emergence of technology standards. We further use new data from two surveys of 79 industrial firms with a three-year lag to analyze how environmental contingency factors related to appropriability, i.e., patent protection and technological turbulence, moderate the relationship between licensing to shape technology standards and a firm's subsequent innovation performance. The data provide strong support for the importance of shaping standards by licensing technology, and the findings have important implications for research into standards, licensing, and appropriability.     

中印信息技术产业的比较研究

在经济全球化和国际分工迅速发展的今天,信息技术产业在很大程度上体现了一国的经济发展水平。关注和研究中印信息技术产业的发展,对中国发展信息技术,改造传统产业,促进国民经济信息化,推动经济结构调整将具有非常重大的借鉴意义。     

Pollution standards, technology investment and fines for non-compliance

In this paper, we analyze whether it is socially desirable that fines for exceeding pollution standards depend not only on the degree of non-compliance but also on technology investment efforts by the polluting firms. For that purpose, we consider a partial equilibrium framework where a representative firm chooses the investment effort and the pollution level in response to an environmental policy composed of a pollution standard, an inspection probability and a fine for non-compliance. We find that the fine should strictly decrease with the investment effort when (i) there are administrative costs of sanctioning; (ii) the optimal policy induces non-compliance; and (iii) either the fine is sufficiently convex in the degree of non-compliance or the investment effort decreases marginal abatement costs significantly.     

Vertical alliance and vertical integration for the inflow of technology and new product development in the pharmaceutical industry

Pharmaceutical firms are increasingly seeking vertical alliance (licensing and joint venture) or bridges and vertical integration (merger and acquisition, M&A) or buffers. However, the question remains whether alliance and integration modes of organisation contribute to the clinical trials activities for a new product development. Using data on 250 pharmaceutical firms, this study examines the linkage between the external technology-sourcing modes and an increase in clinical trials activities, advancing new product development. The findings indicate that licensing mode may not be an effective in comparison to joint ventures and M&A modes of the organisation. Comparing the two modes – vertical joint venture (bridges) and vertical integration (buffer) – the former appears to be effective than the latter (M&A) in sourcing external technology acquisition in the pharmaceutical industry. Implications of these findings are addressed in terms of strategy and structure in a broader context.     

Co-creation as a risk-sharing strategy for the development of innovative EUV lithography technology in the semiconductor industry

Co-creation is becoming an innovative way for new technology development (NTD). We propose a four-staged co-creation model drawn upon a backdrop of ‘knowledge cloud’ for value creation and long-term customer commitment resulting in risk-sharing associated with NTD. The model is elaborated through the case of a leading semiconductor lithography equipment manufacturer (ASML) developing a new extreme ultraviolet lithography technology by engaging the major stakeholders in customer co-investment programme. The model is generic and applicable to any technology-driven industry and may include more stakeholders of same or allied technology.     

The organizational politics of information technology: Studies from the UK financial servies industry

The article critically appraises two recent contributions to studies of organizational change: processual analysis and the firm-in-sector perspective. These studies argue that managerial practice is intensely political. They also attempt to firmly locate that practice in its organizational and environmental or sectoral context. Drawing upon these studies the article examines the management of information technology (IT) in the UK life insurance sector. This examination uses a case study and sectoral research-in-progress. The article argues that organizational IT use and development is a politicla and social process characterized by tension and conflict between managers. This conclusion suggests that organizational studies of IT use need to develop more sophisticated theories of management and managerial practice. By so doing they may then be able to shed a more penetrating light on the relationships between managers, technologies and organizational change.     

Determining the going market value of a business in an emerging information technology industry: The case of the cellular communications industry

Given the phenomenal growth or the anticipation of growth in certain information technology industries, concerns for economy of scale, market access and expansion, and the need for ongoing research and development are resulting in mergers, acquisitions, and strategic alliances. A key question in such industries is what is, or should be the going market value of a business? This paper suggests an approach to imbed market penetration models in the popular value-based planning approach suggested by Rappaport [36] to obtain the going market value of a business. The model developed in implementing the approach is tailored for the cellular communications industry. Limitations and adaptations of the approach to other industries are discussed.     

An evaluation framework for technology transfer of new equipment in high technology industry

With the rapid advancement of technology, product life cycle is shortening continuously. In order to compete against other firms in fiercely competitive global markets, a firm has to keep developing new technology to differentiate itself from others. The acquisition of new core-technology equipment is especially important for manufacturing advanced products, and the technology know-how of the equipment must be transferred completely from equipment supplier to engineers and operators of the firm to effectively utilize the equipment. The objective of this paper is to explore the technology transfer of equipment and to establish a comprehensive framework for evaluating and selecting new equipment with critical technology transfer. Influence factors for technology transfer of new equipment are first collected by literature review and interviews with related experts in the thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry in Taiwan. Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) is applied next to select the most critical factors. Then, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is employed to determine the interrelationship among the critical factors. A fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) model is constructed to evaluate the technology transfer performance of equipment suppliers. The results of this study should provide a base for firms in evaluating the purchase of new equipment and a reference for equipment suppliers to strengthen their technology transfer process to their buyers.