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1.
Evolutionary targeting 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Evolutionary Targeting is a dynamic, systems-evolutionary policy perspective which focuses on triggering, re-enforcing and
sustaining market-led evolutionary processes of emergence of Multiagent Structures (industries, clusters, markets, etc). A major aspect is leveraging existing successes in firms to promote emergence of such
structures. This requires discrete policy interventions directed at varying areas of system/market failure, which make their
appearance at difference phases of the overall process. The paper briefly illustrates the approach through an analysis of
VC policies in Israel and selected European countries, and by referring to the traditional view of Infant Industry development and existing views on high tech cluster development. The resulting framework of analysis, which differs radically
from the ‘Picking Winners’ policies of the past and from the successful targeting of infant industries in Korea and post war
Japan, seems to fit the increasingly turbulent and high return/high risk global environment prevailing today.
相似文献
Morris TeubalEmail: |
2.
This study examines the impact of a stamp tax rate increase on market behavior, using data from two stock exchanges in China. We find that when the tax rate increases from 0.3 to 0.5% (which implies that the transaction cost increases by about 1/3) trading volume decreases by 1/3. This implies an elasticity of turnover with respect to a stamp tax of −50% and an elasticity of turnover with respect to transaction cost of −100%. The markets’ volatility significantly increases after the increase in the tax rate. Furthermore, the change in the volatility structure indicates that the markets become less efficient in the sense that shocks are less quickly assimilated in the markets.
相似文献
Badi H. Baltagi (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dong LiEmail: |
Qi LiEmail: |
3.
In many differentiated product industries, both traditional and “new economy” activities, vertically integrated firms also
supply inputs to apparent rivals in the downstream business. This generates heterogeneity between low- and high-sunk cost
suppliers with implications for entry and competitive conduct. The web hosting market is typical with primary suppliers operating
alongside resellers who rent server space from them. We explore the impact of competition in US hosting using a unique dataset
covering 15,000 packages offered by 3,500 firms. The results suggest price is sensitive to competitor clustering in quality
space; an outcome consistent with easy entry for resellers with ultra-low fixed costs.
相似文献
Steve ThompsonEmail: |
4.
Władysław Welfe 《International Advances in Economic Research》2008,14(2):167-180
Development of “new economies” leading to economies mostly based on knowledge implies the construction of new long-term macroeconometric
models. They should incorporate the impacts of new technologies being endogenized, as well as human capital. The paper discusses
several issues related to the extension of the notion of production function. They cover first of all the measurement and
explanation of total factor productivity (TFP), the role of domestic and foreign R&D expenditures, as well as educational
expenditures. The discussion is extended to include proposals to construct new submodels explaining the sections of research
and education and also the ICT industries.
相似文献
Władysław WelfeEmail: |
5.
Understanding the microenterprise sector to design a tailor-made microfinance policy for Cape Verde 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
José A. G. Baptista Joaquim J. S. Ramalho J. Vidigal da Silva 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2006,5(3):225-241
Two of the central challenges faced by Cape Verde at the present are the high level of unemployment and the increasing proportion of the population living in (relative) poverty. Microenterprise development can be an effective means of addressing both problems in a developing country like Cape Verde, where microenterprises account for about 50% of employment. In this paper we provide a detailed profile of Cape Verdean microenterprises and microentrepreneurs and investigate the relationship between their characteristics and the resort to outside seed capital. We find a cluster of factors—the microentrepreneur’s age, gender, level of education and reason for being self-employed—which influence significantly the probability of being in need for external start-up capital. The policy implications of these findings for the design of a specific microfinance program for Cape Verde are discussed.
相似文献
J. Vidigal da Silva (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
How useful is generalized Darwinism as a framework to study competition and industrial evolution? 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Guido Buenstorf 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2006,16(5):511-527
The role of Darwinist concepts in evolutionary economics has long been a contentious issue. The controversy has recently been rekindled by the proposal of a “Universal” or “generalized” Darwinism, which holds that the ontology of all evolutionary systems accords to the Darwinist scheme of variation, selection and inheritance. This paper focuses on the application of the generalized Darwinist framework to the analysis of markets and industries. It argues that selection and inheritance concepts narrowly construed after the biological example are of limited usefulness. As an alternative to the ‘top–down’ approach of Universal Darwinism, the development of ‘bottom–up’ theories is advocated.
相似文献
Guido BuenstorfEmail: |
7.
K. G. Balcombe 《Empirical Economics》2006,31(2):277-289
Threshold Error Correction Models are used to analyse the term structure of interest Rates. The paper develops and uses a generalisation of existing models that encompasses both the Band and Equilibrium threshold models of [Balke and Fomby ((1997) Threshold cointegration. Int Econ Rev 38(3):627–645)] and estimates this model using a Bayesian approach. Evidence is found for threshold effects in pairs of longer rates but not in pairs of short rates. The Band threshold model is supported in preference to the Equilibrium model.
相似文献
K. G. BalcombeEmail: |
8.
9.
Trade and productivity: an industry perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We use a sample of 14 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries to test for the effect of trade on productivity. Endogeneity
concerns are accounted for using the geographical component of trade as instrument as suggested by Frankel and Romer (Am Econ
Rev 89(3):279–399, 1999). We find that trade, measured in terms of the export ratio, increases productivity, even if country-fixed
effects such as the quality of institutions are controlled for, though results are less robust for imports. Estimates at the
aggregate manufacturing level turn out much larger, emphasizing the role of inter-industry spillovers.
相似文献
Fritz BreussEmail: |
10.
WaQar I. Ghani Samuel H. Szewczyk Tayyeb Shabbir 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):123-138
We use the chain of events from the fall of the Berlin Wall to the reunification of Germany to examine how capital market
participants respond to momentous and unprecedented events. Our examination measures the impact of these events on analysts’
forecasts for the earnings of West German firms. Our results show a significant decrease in analysts’ ability to accurately
forecast earnings. Contrary to the public’s euphoria, the sense of the market was generally negative about the implications
of unification for West German firms. This negative sentiment was spread across most of the broad sectors, but within those
sectors the results were significantly positive for select groups of industries. It appears that, in the face of this extraordinary
event, financial analysts were detached from the emotions it engendered and were discriminating in their assessment of its
impact.
相似文献
WaQar I. GhaniEmail: |
11.
Diego Comin 《Empirica》2009,36(2):165-176
This paper discusses several approaches to generating the observed persistence in macro models and presents evidence in favor
of models where endogenous technology adoption propagates transitory shocks into the medium term.
Prepared for the Conference on “The Interrelation of Cycles and Growth” in honor of Gunther Tichy.
相似文献
Diego CominEmail: |
12.
Small firms in Portugal: a selective survey of stylized facts,economic analysis,and policy implications 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Luís M. B. Cabral 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2007,6(1):65-88
I survey a number of stylized facts pertaining to the dynamics of firm entry, growth, and exit in competitive industries.
I focus particularly on data for Portugal, although I also consider, for comparison purposes, data from other countries. I
then present a series of theoretical models that attempt to explain the stylized facts and evaluate the welfare impact of
market distortions. Finally, I derive a number of policy implications, all centered around the notion of economic mobility.
相似文献
Luís M. B. CabralEmail: Email: |
13.
Stefan Mann 《Forum for Social Economics》2007,36(1):29-42
Social scientists are reluctant to make explicit interpersonal comparisons of well-being. However, implicit comparisons are
made on a surprisingly regular basis. These comparisons are based on the wealth and the Kaldor–Hicks concept in utility theory
and on self-reported well-being in happiness research. Taking a utilitarian stance, this paper tests the ethical foundations
of both principles. While self-reported well-being serves as an acceptable proxy for utilitarian decision-making, the Kaldor–Hicks
concept does not appear so. Implications for evaluating policies are outlined.
相似文献
Stefan MannEmail: |
14.
Price-setting behavior of Austrian firms 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper explores nominal rigidities by investigating price-setting behavior of Austrian firms based on survey evidence.
Distinguishing between two stages of price setting—first the price reviewing phase and second the price changing phase—our
results suggest that the main obstacles to price flexibility lie on the second stage. Our main result is that firms postpone
price adjustments, because they are afraid to antagonize customers with frequent price changes. Thus, customer relationships
- especially those with consumers—are a major source of price stickiness in the Austrian economy.
相似文献
Josef Baumgartner (Corresponding author)Email: |
15.
In this paper we look at the relationship between crime and economic incentives in a different way to other work in the economics of crime field. We look at empirical models where a toughening of the unemployment benefit regime can be used to study how people on the margins of crime may react to changes in economic incentives. We present three sets of complementary evidence, all of which show that toughening the benefit regime can have an unintended consequence, namely increases in crime. The first approach presents quasi-experimental evidence, looking at crime rates in areas of England and Wales before and after the introduction of a new, tougher unemployment benefit programme—the Jobseekers Allowance (JSA)—in October 1996. The second approach considers qualitative evidence on individuals affected by the change in the benefit regime. The third relates changes in area crime rates to post-JSA sanctions. Each of these approaches uncovers evidence of higher crime occurring as a consequence of the benefit reform.
相似文献
Stephen MachinEmail: |
16.
Micro-heterogeneity and aggregate productivity development in the German manufacturing sector 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A decomposition of aggregate productivity growth of German manufacturing firms that pertain to 11 different industries at
a roughly two-digit level observed over the period 1981–1998 is performed. Productivity is measured by a nonparametric frontier
function approach. The decompositions of productivity allow for an explanation of the aggregate outcomes by the quantification
of the effect of structural change and the contributions of entering and exiting firms. Our results show that these forces
drive aggregate productivity to a considerable extent. Remarkably, the large productivity improvements after the German reunification
are mainly driven by structural change.
相似文献
Jens J. KrügerEmail: |
17.
This paper uses a human capital earnings equation to quantify administrative corruption in the public sector. Regression analyses
are conducted based on information from surveys administered to public officials in Albania. After accounting for officials’
characteristics, e.g., schooling, experience, gender, type of agency, and public and private sectors’ features, we deduce
that the administrative corruption was on average 2.6× the officials’ current salary in Albania, which is equivalent to 16.7%
of the country’s GDP.
相似文献
Omer GokcekusEmail: |
18.
Ulrich Witt 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(5):547-575
Ever since an “evolutionary” perspective on the economy has been suggested, there have been differing, and partly incommensurable,
views on what specifically this means. By working out where the differences lie and what motivates them, this paper identifies
four major approaches to evolutionary economics. The differences between them can be traced back to opposite positions regarding
the basic assumptions about reality and the proper conceptualization of evolution. The same differences can also be found
in evolutionary game theory. Achievements of the major approaches to evolutionary economics and their prospects for future
research are assessed by means of a peer survey.
相似文献
Ulrich WittEmail: |
19.
Hardy Hanappi 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2008,18(2):275-289
The goal of this paper is to highlight the importance of the concept of choice. To do so, a synopsis of the most important
contributions to this topic—featuring an eclectic set of scholars across disciplines—is provided. As central to the argument,
John von Neumann’s contributions, game theory and simulation techniques on von Neumann machines, are identified. Innovation
(economic and theoretic) as the driving force behind human evolution seems to head for a new scientific paradigm based on
von Neumann’s ideas.
相似文献
Hardy HanappiEmail: |
20.
Sjoerd Beugelsdijk 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2007,17(2):187-210
In this paper, we empirically study the relationship between entrepreneurial culture and economic growth. Based on a micro
based comparison of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, we develop a measure reflecting entrepreneurial attitude at the regional
level. We subsequently relate this newly developed variable, ‘entrepreneurial culture,’ to innovativeness and economic growth
in 54 European regions. Extensive robustness analysis suggests that differences in economic growth in Europe can be explained
by differences in entrepreneurial culture, albeit mostly in an indirect way.
相似文献
Sjoerd BeugelsdijkEmail: |