Medición de la intensidad en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en Escandinavia

One characteristic of the processes related to technological innovation in the Scandinavian countries is the high participation level of public and private agents. The objective of this strategy is to assimilate knowledge and to spread it out in the best possible way. Thus, in this article we identify the profile of ICT users; we try to establish how important they are for these countries, their good use of these technologies and how they impact on their communication processes. The results derived from the research prove that: 1) Swedish and Danish homes are a reference when it comes to the utilization of ICTs, 2) Finnish companies lead the way in the adoption of ICTs, followed by Danish and Swedish companies; 3) When it comes to provision and implementation of public services on a technological platform, the leading countries are Denmark, Finland and Sweden; and 4) When it comes to the utilization of ICTs in infrastructures, the EU leadership is headed by Sweden and Denmark, far ahead from the other Member States.     

Atributos de calidad del servicio de la telefonía móvil para clientes mexicanos y su impacto en la satisfacción y en la lealtad hacia la marca

The objective of this study is to identify relevant attributes of service quality in mobile phones for Mexican customers and to establish their impact on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. It is being assumed that the attributes of service quality are an antecedent of satisfaction and loyalty. The study is divided in two phases. In a first qualitative phase, thirteen attributes were detected using in-depth interviews. In a second quantitative phase, these attributes were empirically contrasted with variables of satisfaction and loyalty. It was found that only six attributes are statistically related to the variables of these constructs, with two of them being the most relevant: price per minute and empathy perceived by customers from company’s employees.     

Aplicación de bicorrelación cruzada al rendimiento diario del precio del café

This paper uses the cross bicorrelation methodology, which can capture nonlinear trascendence periods through window functions and third-order moments. It applies to the return of four sets of commodities of coffee traded on the New York market (Arabica Colombian, mild Arabica, Arabica Brazilian and Other Arabicas), during the 20/06/1997 - 27/10/2010 period. The results conclude that there is a cross bicorrelation among the four series, with Brazilian type coffee being the leader and a lower bicorrelation with other Arabicas. This complicates decisions for investors in such series.     

Reflexiones teóricas en torno a la propuesta de recuperación del poder de compra del salario mínimo en México

Regarding the recent proposal made by the Mexico City Government about the recovery of the purchasing power of the minimum wage, some reflections on the theories of production and distribution are proposed. We first review the seminal paper written by Cobb and Douglas (1928). Some obstacles in measuring the marginal factor products, and a pair of inconsistencies between the theories of production and distribution on the one hand, and some exercises of quantifying “productivities” on the other hand, are presented. Finally, a model of imperfect competition, which displays the dispute over income between economic agents, is included. One conclusion is that income distribution does not follow a simple rule, but a bargaining process based on market power in a historical context that provides inertia and in which institutions play a key role.     

Análisis del comportamiento estadístico y aproximación fractal en la recaudación del impuesto sobre nóminas y asimilados en el estado de Quintana Roo

This paper analyzes the tax collection from payroll tax on staff and non-staff in the state of Quintana Roo from 2000 to 2010. Its main contribution is to identify the statistical revenue behavior using a fractal approach, establishing iterative patterns at both state and municipal level, for the entire analyzed series of 132 months as well as shorter time periods. It serves as a trigger for application in other locations and charges in order to explore some features of taxation. Two statistical criteria were used to determine normal or abnormal series of municipal tax collection during the study period, namely, the Empirical Rule criteria and parameters using Chebyshev’s theorem. As a contrast, the Jarque-Bera test was applied on residuals, concluding that the fiscal revenue from the state of Quintana Roo (municipal data) does not follow a normal distribution, which is why the fractal approach has been used. The results with data for tax collection by municipalities throughout Quintana Roo show the presence of a fractal behavior (repetitive and cyclic) in revenue, which can be interpreted as the presence of a consolidated tax base, thus justifying the conclusion that there is strength (the observed level of collection) in local public finances. The same conclusion is obtained, with different temporal cuts, when analyzing and detecting the presence of specific fractal revenue behavior observed in municipalities of Benito Juarez (Cozumel) and Othon P. Blanco from 2000 to 2010.     

La medición del capital intelectual y su impacto en el rendimiento financiero en empresas del sector industrial en México

Currently knowledge is considered an essential resource to contribute to the creation and generation of competitive advantage in organizations. The human factor as an intangible resource of a company has become a main value generator, and even though both knowledge management and intellectual capital are intangibles that can be measured in the financial reports of companies, their position as main value generators is not reflected in financial information. In Mexico, industrial sector companies need to promote the creation of intellectual added value based on its own abilities, which reside on their intellectual capital. The value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC?), with its components, is a tool that contributes to achieving this goal, and helps to identify the positive impact on key factors such as financial profitability, market capitalization and level of share value.     

Las incapacidades de aprendizaje organizacional y su relación con los estilos de aprendizaje organizacional en la Mipyme

In this study, we examined 200 micro, small and medium enterprises from Durango City, Mexico, in order to find the possible relationship between learning disabilities and organizational learning styles, and its impact on organizational learning. To achieve this we applied a measuring instrument to the aforementioned companies, it was duly adapted to the context, tested and validated, and the responses were analyzed using a linear regression model, which used the seven learning disabilities as predictors of the four learning styles. We found statistically significant evidence that there is a relationship between learning disabilities and learning styles in the studied enterprises.     

Evolución de la capacidad tecnológica en México. Aplicación del análisis estadístico multivariante de cluster

This paper conducts an analysis on the existence of state clusters related with technological capabilities in Mexico. An empirical study was conducted using the technique of multivariate statistical cluster analysis, based on the set of indicators proposed by Cepal (2007), collecting data from various public sources country for 2006 and 2012 in order to study the time evolution of such clusters, trying to see what states have been moving to a cluster located in positions more which have advanced and retreated over the period. The results show the existence of 7 groups of states characterized by different technological capabilities, plus states are identified in decline and progress, both in terms of absorptive capacity and innovation, and in relation to the technological infrastructure capabilities.     

Sobre la alienación subjetiva en la organización del trabajo actual. Una observación participante en el comercio de la alimentación al detal

This paper presents the findings of the first stage of a case study of pleasure and suffering at work, whose fieldwork is one participant observation of a Canadian chain of retail. The purpose is to make available to students of organizational analysis, management and human resources, some definitions are finding from some bibliography resources (theoretical and methodological) from clinical sociology, the psychodynamics of work and sociology of emotions. Is about the dimensions social and technical of the work organization and one form of current subjective alienation. The most important premises that can be shows is that the current organization of work tent to be perceives by the employee like a potential threat and, unknowing, they prefers to protect themselves from the subjective alienation.     

Simulador de vuelo ejecutivo como medio de aprendizaje en la planeación de recursos de nuevas empresas bajo el enfoque del marcador balanceado

A deficient strategic planning in new companies has produced that entrepreneurs initial decisions haven’t been the appropriate and, in the long term, consequences will be reflected in the failure of many new companies. The objective of this article is to propose an executive flight simulator that will help to identify and evaluate different strategies for the development of resources of a new manufacturing company, based on the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard that will help the user to become sensitive in the impact that this will have in the performance measures. The simulator is designed under the System Dynamics view for educational purposes in MBAs, entrepreneurship or executive development programs.     

La empresa familiar en México Situación actual de la investigación

Family businesses are fundamental productive structures in industrialized and developing economies. Even though there are no rigorous data to support the fact, family businesses have a relevant influence in the generation of national wealth, but they are not well known. Research on family enterprise has been recent; in this article we aim to reconstruct the state of the art research that has been undertaken in Mexico since the main objective of this paper is to encourage family business research. The results presentation is inspired by Chua et al. (1999), Low and MacMillan (1988) and Sharma’s works (2004).     

La confianza,la satisfacción,las normas relacionales,el oportunismo y la dependencia como antecedentes del compromiso organizacional del trabajador

The objective of this study is to research the most important antecedents of the affective, normative and continuance of employee’s commitment in his/her relation with the firm. The proposal includes both relational or interpersonal antecedents (trust, satisfaction and relational norms) and economic antecedents (dependence and firm opportunism). The testing of the proposed hypotheses with a sample of Mexican employees shows that both affective and normative commitment influence continuance commitment; satisfaction, relational norms and perception of opportunism are the main antecedents of affective commitment; and trust and dependence are the main antecedents of normative commitment. Besides, trust and relational norms contribute to enhance labor satisfaction as well as the antecedents of affective commitment are also, indirectly, antecedents of normative commitment. These results show interesting implications for both the academic and the professional world.     

Impacto de las Normas de Información Financiera en la relevancia de la información financiera en México

In this study, it is shown that the value relevance of the financial information, measured by the coefficient of determination (R²), has improved as consequence of the changes in the financial reporting standards. It is applied the Ohlson model (1995) with accounting variables (earning per share and book value) and the stock market price of Mexican stock market companies, during the period from 1992 to 2010. The econometric results are obtained applying an Ordinary Least Squared Regression Analysis and a Panel Data Analysis. The sample is divided in two periods, before and after the foundation of CINIF, and the Chow test is applied to confirm the existence of a structural change. The book value variable is consistently significant in both periods. The Ohlson model is also applied to sub-samples which distinguish the firm for its size, for belonging to the Food and beverages industry and for its classification as Tangible and Intangible firms.     

Avances en la cantidad de la información financiera del sector público en México a raíz de la LGCG

We evaluate the quantity, quality and harmonization of the financial information published by the states, the Federal District and the federal government during the period 2008 to 2012, following the approval of the General Law on Government Accounting (LGCG). First, the requirements identified by the CONAC and subsequently the International Accounting Standards Public Sector 1 (IPSAS) are used to assess the publication of the financial statements. Second, we presente the rate of compliance with the publication of accounts pointing IPSAS 1, 2 and 17. Finally, the harmonization of financial statements is studied by the Herfindahl-Hirschman index to determine whether the financial statements are comparable between them. The results indicate that the public sector has increased the quantity, quality and harmonization of the financial information published.     

Anomalías en la autocorrelación de rendimientos y la importancia de los periodos de no transacción en mercados latinoamericanos

This paper aims to determine the evidence of returns autocorrelation for the main Latin American stock markets, and the influence of the day of the week effect on this phenomenon. Also, we analyze the importance of non-trading periods and their incidence on stock markets returns. We determine a high autocorrelation in most of the stock markets analyzed, both in local and global currency and the day-of-the-week effect on only some of the stock markets. Evidence of correlation between trading periods returns and those of non-trading periods is also found.     

La cadena de suministro del mezcal del estado de Zacatecas Situación actual y perspectivas de desarrollo

Mezcal is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from the agave plant native from Zacatecas, Mexico, one of the seven States in Mexico which owns mezcal designation of origin (DO) and it is the second agave producer in the country; therefore; the agave-mezcal industry is a strategic activity in the State. Since several agents interact in a non-articulated way in the industry, the main objectives of this study are: 1) to get reliable information of the whole process, and 2) to develop a supply chain tactical planning model of this industry. Initially, an preliminary research identifies basic information related to business processes, using structured primary data: interviews and surveys. Taking into account the gathered basic information, the tactical planning model of the supply chain is developed. This analysis considers the relationships among small-to medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The results of this study allowed obtaining information related to the industry; the identification of specific opportunity areas in the agents' interaction, and the evaluation of the potential and constraints that the Zacatecas' agave-mezcal supply chain has.     

Aplicación de análisis discriminante para evaluar la productividad como resultado de la certificación BASC en las empresas de la ciudad de Cartagena

This research paper presents the evaluation of productivity in companies in the city of Cartagena as a result of the certification of said companies in the Business Anti-Smuggling Coalition (BASC). The methodology used calculated productivity indicators at 23 companies certified at BASC. Next, we used the Discriminant Analysis technique to explain the belonging and discrimination of each group of productivity indicators evaluated, resulting in the correlation between certified companies and increased productivity indices for 2008 and 2010. From the discriminant function obtained and the statistics analyzed, it can be concluded that certification in BASC standard showed no improvement in the indicators selected, but presented significant differences in the Gross Profit / Value Added (IP1), Operating Income / Operating Capital (IP5) and Net Income / Operating Capital (IP6) indicators.     

Administración del riesgo crediticio al menudeo en México: una mejora econométrica en la selección de variables y cambios en sus características

The early prediction of bad debtors in revolving loans in Mexico is a relevant current issue. The proposed econometric model of behavioral scoring considers the changes in the characteristics of consolidated clients and produces better results than those obtained with methodology used by the CNBV on provisions. The obtained results show the possibility of replacing the current model, minimizing the expected loss and increasing the ROA of Mexican financial institutions in 2.20% complying the methodology and statistical testing criteria according to the Unique Banking Dispositions and the guidelines of Basel II on credit risk.     

Evaluación del comportamiento de los indicadores de productividad y rentabilidad financiera del sector petróleo y gas en Colombia mediante el análisis discriminante

This research paper presents the results of the behavior of productivity and profitability indicators in the oil and gas sector in Colombia in the years 2008 and 2010 by means of discriminant analysis. Initially there is an analysis of the sector and a theoretical review of the financial management assessment, strategic leverage, stakeholders, agency theory, productivity and profitability indicators and basic concepts of discriminant analysis. In the methodology used, productivity and profitability indicators were calculated for 116 companies in the oil and gas sector from the financial statements in the periods of study. Then, the discriminant analysis technique was used to explain the belonging and discrimination of the indicators studied. From the discriminant function and the means obtained it can be concluded that the analyzed indicators do not present significant differences, which shows a period of stagnation in the periods studied. With the research work it was concluded, by discriminant analysis, that there is a significant difference just for the indicator gross margin. The discriminant function model allows an effective classification of 57.3%.     

Aprendizaje,innovación y gestión tecnológica en la pequeña empresa: Un estudio de las industrias metalmecánica y de tecnologías de información en Sonora

In the industrial development in Northwestern Mexico stands out the limited capacity of local firms to integrate into the global value chains and there is an emergent participation of the metalworking sector and information technology as suppliers of goods and services for large exporters. Recent local researches analyze the accumulation of technological capabilities, but they have not researched the relationship with technology management strategies. This paper presents the results of an empirical study of micro, small and medium enterprises in such areas, which allows the guessing of a direct correlation between the level of accumulated skills and the level of technology management.